4.1 - Ionic Compounds

What does the ending of the naming of anions in group 6 change to? Give example.

-ide: Chlorine becomes the Chloride ion

Describe the lattice formed by Ionic compounds.

A 3D lattice where ions are held together by a strong electrostatic attraction where each anion is surrounded by cations and each cation is surrounded by anions.

How much electrons will the ions from the s-block loose in ionic bonding?

All ions in the s-block will loose all of the valence electrons.

Define isoelectronic and what type of bonding it applies to.

An isoelectronic is an ion with the same electronic structure as noble gases which applies to ionic bonds.

State 3 Physical Properties of Ionic Bonds.

Hard, Brittle, Crystalline solids, High melting point, High boiling point, don't conduct as a solid, do conduct in molten state or aqueous solutions, Mostly soluble in H2O.

What do ionic compounds bond between?

Ionic compounds bond between a metal cation and non-metal anion.

list in order of strongest to weakest: Covalent, Metallic and ionic

Ionic, Covalent and metallic

Describe how ions can be formed as a result of electron transfer?

It occurs between elements that have a large difference in electronegativity. A metal atom with a low electronegativity loses electrons to form a cation and a non-metal atom with a high electronegativity gains electrons to form an anion.

What type of bond is lithium chloride most likely to form? Why? What other bond could they form? How?

Lithium Chloride will most likely form an ionic bond because Li and Cl have very different electronegativity. So Chlorine will want an electron more than Lithium because of their position in the periodic table. They could also form a covalent bond if they had an electronegativity difference below 2.0.

Why will metals form cations?

Metals have low electronegativity, therefore they will lose electron(s) to form cations.

Do ionic substances have discrete molecules? Why?

No because Ionic Substances are held together by a strong electrostatic attraction in all 3 dimensions.

Do transition metals form only one Ion? Give E.gs.

No, e.g. Fe 2+ and Fe 3+

Why will non-metals form anions?

Non-metals have high electronegativity, therefore they will gain electron(s) to form anions.

What do ions that end in -ate contain?

Oxygen

Define electrostatic force?

The attraction between a negative and a positive ion.

describe the Ionic bond.

The electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions in all 3-dimentions.

What gives the oxidation number of the metal in the compound in the transition metal?

Usually the charge on the cation.

Can transition metals form more than one ion? Why? Give an example.

Yes. Because the number of electrons lost by metals outside of the s-block are less easy to predict, especially in the case of the transition metals. For example iron (Fe) can be both iron(II) or iron(III), which are Fe2+ and Fe3+ respectively.

An atom lost an electron and another atom gained that valence electron. There is now an electrostatic force between the atoms. What bond was formed?

ionic bond

Define Polyatomic ions.

tightly bound groups of atoms that behave as a unit and carry a charge.