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absolute cell reference

A reference that does not change when the formula is copied or moved to a new location. An absolute cell reference is a cell address that contains a dollar sign ($) to select the cell; press Fn+F4 if you enter A1 to start a formula, press F4 to display $A$1

The term that refers to an image that appears to have all three spatial dimensions is

3D three spatial dimensions 三维空间 spatial [ˈspeɪʃl] adj. 空间的; 存在于空间的; 受空间条件限制的; 占大篇幅的; dimensions 维度

A pie slice is an example of

a data marker 一个数据标记符

a cell reference that refers to a cell by its fixed position in a worksheet is referred to as being:

absolute

Cell reference/ Cell address

an alphanumeric value used to identify a specific cell in a spreadsheet The letter identifies the column (or one or more) and the number represents the row. EX: D5 intersection of column D and row 5

a line that serves as a frame of reference for measurement and that borders the chart plot area

axis 轴线;

The starting point when you divide the amount of increase by it to calculate the rate of increase is the

base the amount of increase/ base = the rate of increase

shape effect that uses shading and shadows to make the edges of a shape appear to be curved or angled

bevel 斜边和斜面 select a chart, go to Format tab > Shape Styles group > Shape Effects, and select an option from the list.

the area along the bottom of a chart that identifies the categories of data; also referred to as the x-axis

category axis

___comprised of 包括了 the entire chart and all of its elements

chart area To change the background of the chart 1. open the file, right-click the chart you want to adjust. chart area - blue area, the large background plot area - red plot, the smaller background 2. a toolbar will show above the chart. Choose Fill to open the drop-down menu. 3. You can not only choose a color you like in the list of Theme Colors but also change the Texture, Gradient of the chart background. 4. you can even click Picture... to choose a picture from your computer (or Internet) as the background of the chart.

a workbook sheet that contains only a chart

chart sheet 图表工作表(工作区只有图表)

Enter/ cancel button

click Check Mark to make select cell activated To accept the data either click the Check Mark or press Enter. To cancel the data either click the X or press Esc.

__________is used in a formula to create a range of cells

colon " : " A2: B4; range from column A - B& cell from row 2 - 4

In a chart, each data point-bar, slice and so on has a unique

color or pattern 颜色或图案 在图表中，每个数据点条、切片等都有一个唯一的

a column, bar, area, dot, pie slice, or other symbols in a chart that represents a single data point

data marker For example, in a line graph, each point on the line is a data marker representing a single data value located in a worksheet cell.

A value that originates in a worksheet cell and that is represented in a chart by a data marker is

data point data point 数据点: 源自工作表单元格中的、由数据标记在图表中表示的值 For example, in a line graph, each point on the line is a data marker representing a single data value located in a worksheet cell 例如，在有线图中，直线上的每个点都是一个表示位于工作表单元格中的单个数据值的数据标记

related data points represented by data markers are referred to as the

data series A data series 数据序列 is a row or column of numbers that are entered in a worksheet and plotted 标绘的 in your chart, such as a list of quarterly business profits.

ScreenTip

displays information about the width of the column, the default width of a column is 64 pixels. a pixel, short for picture element is a point of light measured in dots per square inch. mouse pointer at the column heading area, pull to adjust the pixels of the column.

in a formula, the address of a cell-based on the relative position of the cell that contains the formula and the cell referred to

relative cell reference

displays a number in the exponential notation 指数计数制（法）

scientific format 科学计数的形式.

AutoFill

the bottom right-hand corner of the cell called the fill handle. Put the mouse pointer over it =, click and hold the left mouse button, and drag the fill handle over the cells you want to fill. And the series is filled in for you automatically using the AutoFill feature.

the formula for calculating the value after an increase by multiplying the original value (the base) by the percent for new value

value after increase = base * percent for new value Amount of increase rate rate=Amount of increase / base

numerical scale on the left side of a chart that shows the range of numbers for the data points; also referred to as the y-axis

value axis

the process of changing the values in cells to see how those changes affect the outcome of formulas in a worksheet

what-if analysis 假设分析是更改单元格中的值的过程，以查看这些更改将如何影响工作表上的公式的结果 https://www.excel-easy.com/examples/goal-seek.html

autofill options button

when selected a series of cell, to shown autofill options button at right bottom corner

Worksheet grid area

工作表网格区域 A part of the Excel window that displays the columns and rows that intersect to form the worksheet's cells. 1. Open the Excel workbook you want to add a grid to. If your workbook contains multiple worksheets, select the tab for the specific sheet you want to work with. 2. Click the "VIEW" or "PAGE LAYOUT" ribbon panel. 3. Select the "Gridlines" check box to display the grid Excel offers three workbooks views: Normal Page Layout Page Break Preview.

______ a multiplication sign and is used in sums and formulas

Asterisk " * " directly tap into a cell multiplication sign 乘法 sums and formulas 求和值及计算公式 Simply use the asterisk symbol (*) as the multiplication operator. Don't forget, always start a formula with an equal sign (=). =B2*B3*B4. The formula multiplies the values in cells B2, B3, and B4.

Relative cell references

By default, all cell references are relative references. When copied across multiple cells, they change based on the relative position of rows and columns. For example: if formula =A1+B1 from row 1 to row 2, the formula will become =A2+B2 repeat the same calculation across multiple rows or columns. add up of a arise cell, formula =SUM(B5:B8) using AutoFil copied across to the next cell, it changes to =SUM(C5:C8).

A chart that shows the relationship of each part to a whole

Pie chart 1. In your spreadsheet, select the data to use for your pie chart. 2. Click Insert tab > chart group > Insert Pie or Doughnut Chart, and then pick the chart you want. 3. Click the chart and then click 3 icons next to the chart to add finishing touches 最后润色: To show, hide, or format things like axis titles or data labels, click Chart Elements. To quickly change the color or style of the chart, use the Chart Styles. To show or hide data in your chart click Chart Filters.

The mathematical formula to calculate a rate of increase.

Rate = Amount of Increase/Base The Excel RATE function is a financial function that returns the interest rate per period of an annuity. Formulas tab 〉Function Library group〉Financial〉rate〉 the interest rate per period: =RATE (nper, pmt, pv, [fv], [type], [guess]) nper - The total number of payment periods. ... Version. ... RATE is calculated by iteration.

a municipal government fund that reports income and expenditures related to municipal services for which a fee is charged in exchange for goods or services

enterprise fund 企业基金 市政府基金，报告与市政服务有关的收入和支出，以换取商品或服务 municipal [mjuːˈnɪsɪ pl] adj. 市政的; 地方的 expenditure [ɪkˈspendɪtʃər] n. 花费; 消耗

The action of pulling out a pie slice from a pie chart for emphasis is called

explode

mixed reference

formula =C5/$C11$ means only part of the reference is fixed, either the row or the column, and the other part is relative https://edu.gcfglobal.org/en/excel2016/relative-and-absolute-cell-references/1/

excel feature which, after typing = and the first letter of a function, displays a list of function names that match the typed letters

formula autocomplete 公式自动完成 Enter Items in a Formula Using Formula AutoComplete 1. Click the cell where you want to enter a formula. 2. Type = (an equal sign), and beginning letters or a display trigger to start Formula AutoComplete. For example, type " su " to display all value items, such as SUBTOTAL and SUM. The text before the insertion point, is used to display the values in the drop-down list. 3. As you type, a drop-down scrollable list of valid items is displayed. fx Icons represent the type of entry, such as a function or table reference, and a ScreenTip appears next to a selected item. To insert the selected item in the drop-down list into the formula, press Tab or double-click the item. You can turn on Formula AutoComplete. Click the File tab, click Options, click Formulas in the left pane, select the Formula AutoComplete check box, and then click OK.

a what-if analysis tool that finds the input needed in one cell to arrive at the desired result in another cell

goal seek Data tab > forecast group > What-If Analysis Three kinds of What-If Analysis tools come with Excel: Scenarios 场景 [sɪ'nɑrioʊz] Goal Seek 目标查找 Data Tables 数据表

The percent by which one number increases of another number is the percentage rate of

increase

Function button

insert function fomular https://www.howtoexcel.org/tutorials/formula-bar/

identifies the slices 份 in a pie chart

legend 图例;

A chart type that displays trends over time is a

line chart

The value in a charts value axis that determines the spacing between tick marks and between the gridlines 网格线 in the plot area is the

major unit（major 实线； minor虚线） Major unit the numeric interval at which lines will be placed across the chart and at which numbers will be displayed along the Y-axis

mathematical rules for performing multiple calculations within a formula

order of operations 运算顺序 When evaluating a formula, Excel follows a standard math protocol called "order of operations". First any expressions in parentheses "()" are evaluated. Next Excel will solve for any exponents "^" 指数. After that, Excel will perform multiplication "*" and division"/", then addition "+" and subtraction "-".

parentheses

parentheses [pə 'renθə siz]; "( )" used to group together smaller sums in more complex formulas .

The area bounded by the axes of a chart including all the data series is the

plot area