*(48-47-17)* What is the factor that favors filtrate formation from forming at the glomerulus? 47 What is the chief force pushing water and solutes across the filtration membrane called? 17 What is the most important force causing net water flow across ca

hydrostatic pressure of capillary blood

*17. What is the most important force causing net water flow across capillary walls?*

glomerular hydrostatic (blood) pressure (HPg).

*48 What is the factor that favors filtrate formation from forming at the glomerulus?* *47 What is the chief force pushing water and solutes across the filtration membrane called?* Blood pressure in the glomerulus is called the _____________________. It is the driving force that "pushes" water and some dissolved solutes out of the glomerulus and into the capsular space of the renal corpuscle. It is the HPg that promotes filtration

Capsular hydrostatic pressure (HPc)

*48 What is the factor that favors filtrate formation from forming at the glomerulus?* *47 What is the chief force pushing water and solutes across the filtration membrane called?* - The presence of this filtrate impedes the movement of additional fluid from the blood into the capsular space and thus it also opposes filtration. A typical value is 18 mm Hg. - is the pressure in the glomerular capsule due to the amount of filtrate already within the capsular space.

Blood colloid osmotic pressure (OPg)

*48 What is the factor that favors filtrate formation from forming at the glomerulus?* *47 What is the chief force pushing water and solutes across the filtration membrane called?* - ________________ opposes filtration because it tends to pull or draw fluids back into the glomerulus. - is the osmotic pressure exerted by the blood due to the dissolved solutes it contains. The most important of these solutes are the plasma proteins (colloid). - The typical value is 32 mm Hg. This is very similar to the colloid osmotic pressure of 26 mm Hg within other systemic capillaries.

capsular space

*48 What is the factor that favors filtrate formation from forming at the glomerulus?* *47 What is the chief force pushing water and solutes across the filtration membrane called?* Blood pressure in the glomerulus is called the *glomerular hydrostatic (blood) pressure (HPg).* It is the driving force that "pushes" water and some dissolved solutes out of the glomerulus and into the ____________ of the renal corpuscle. It is the HPg that promotes filtration

promotes filtration

*48 What is the factor that favors filtrate formation from forming at the glomerulus?* *47 What is the chief force pushing water and solutes across the filtration membrane called?* Blood pressure in the glomerulus is called the *glomerular hydrostatic (blood) pressure (HPg).* It is the driving force that "pushes" water and some dissolved solutes out of the glomerulus and into the capsular space of the renal corpuscle. It is the HPg that ___________.

"pushes"

*48 What is the factor that favors filtrate formation from forming at the glomerulus?* *47 What is the chief force pushing water and solutes across the filtration membrane called?* Blood pressure in the glomerulus is called the *glomerular hydrostatic (blood) pressure (HPg).* It is the driving force that______________ water and some dissolved solutes out of the glomerulus and into the capsular space of the renal corpuscle. It is the HPg that promotes filtration

glomerular hydrostatic pressure

*48 What is the factor that favors filtrate formation from forming at the glomerulus?* *47 What is the chief force pushing water and solutes across the filtration membrane called?* Two pressures oppose ____________and thus oppose filtration. They are the blood colloid osmotic pressure and capsular hydrostatic pressure.

blood colloid osmotic pressure and capsular hydrostatic pressure

*48 What is the factor that favors filtrate formation from forming at the glomerulus?* *47 What is the chief force pushing water and solutes across the filtration membrane called?* Two pressures oppose glomerular hydrostatic pressure and thus oppose filtration. They are the _______________ and _________________.

intermediate size

*Limited filtration* are proteins that are of ___________ are generally not filtered. They are blocked from filtration either because their size prevents movement through the openings of the filtration membrane or because they are negatively charged and repelled by the membrane's negative charge.

blocked

*Limited filtration* are proteins that are of intermediate size are generally not filtered. They are ________ from filtration either because their size prevents movement through the openings of the filtration membrane or because they are negatively charged and repelled by the membrane's negative charge.

negatively charged

*Limited filtration* are proteins that are of intermediate size are generally not filtered. They are blocked from filtration either because their size prevents movement through the openings of the filtration membrane or because they are____________ and repelled by the membrane's negative charge.

leukocyte

*Not filtered are formed elements (i.e., erythrocytes, ____________, and platelets) and large proteins* are structures that cannot normally pass through the filtration membrane

platelets

*Not filtered are formed elements (i.e., erythrocytes, leukocytes, and ________) and large proteins* are structures that cannot normally pass through the filtration membrane.

filtration membrane

*Not filtered are formed elements (i.e., erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets) and large proteins* are structures that cannot normally pass through the _____________

large proteins

*Not filtered are formed elements (i.e., erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets)* and ___________ are structures that cannot normally pass through the filtration membrane.

kidneys

An average of 180L of filtrate is produced daily by the __________ through the glomerular filtration membrane. However, because of the size of the openings in the membrane and the overall negative charge across the membrane, not all substances within the blood are filtered equally. Consequently, substances in the blood can be placed into one of three categories based on the degree to which the substance is filtered.

180L

An average of _________ of filtrate is produced daily by the kidneys through the glomerular filtration membrane. However, because of the size of the openings in the membrane and the overall negative charge across the membrane, not all substances within the blood are filtered equally

hydrostatic pressure

Filtrate is produced due to the difference between ______________ of the blood in the glomerulus and the opposing pressures of both the osmotic blood pressure and fluid pressure in the capsular space of the renal corpuscle. This difference is termed the net filtration pressure.

opposing pressures

Filtrate is produced due to the difference between hydrostatic pressure of the blood in the glomerulus and the ________________ of both the osmotic blood pressure and fluid pressure in the capsular space of the renal corpuscle. This difference is termed the net filtration pressure.

renal corpuscle

Filtrate is produced due to the difference between hydrostatic pressure of the blood in the glomerulus and the opposing pressures of both the osmotic blood pressure and fluid pressure in the capsular space of the ______________. This difference is termed the net filtration pressure.

osmotic blood pressure and fluid pressure

Filtrate is produced due to the difference between hydrostatic pressure of the blood in the glomerulus and the opposing pressures of both the____________________ in the capsular space of the renal corpuscle. This difference is termed the net filtration pressure.

Not filtered (2)

Formed elements (i.e., erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets) and large proteins are structures that cannot normally pass through the filtration membrane.

Limited filtration

Proteins that are of intermediate size are generally not filtered. They are blocked from filtration either because their size prevents movement through the openings of the filtration membrane or because they are negatively charged and repelled by the membrane's negative charge.

Freely filtered (1)

Small substances such as *water, glucose, amino acids, ions, some hormones, vitamins B and C, and ketones* can pass easily through the filtration membrane and become part of the filtrate.

filtration membrane

Freely filtered is a small substances such as* water, glucose, amino acids, ions, some hormones, vitamins B and C, and ketones* can pass easily through the _______________ and become part of the filtrate.