7.1 Bio Workbook

In DNA, A always pairs with ____________, and G always pairs with ____________

T, T

DNA → RNA → ____________

protein

____________ RNA helps form ribosomes

ribosomal

helps form ribosomes

ribosomal RNA

Proteins are made in the cytoplasm on small organelles called ____________

ribosomes

____________ RNA brings amino acids to ribosomes

transfer

brings amino acids to ribosomes

transfer RNA

T/F DNA contains instructions for all the proteins your body makes.

true

T/F Erwin Chargaff demonstrated that in DNA, the amount of adenine is about the same as the amount of guanine.

true

T/F In eukaryotic cells, proteins always remain in the nucleus, but DNA is made at ribosomes in the cytoplasm.

true

T/F James Watson and Francis Crick used X rays to learn about DNA's structure

true

T/F Oswald Avery was the first to conclude that DNA is the genetic material

true

T/F Proteins are made on the ribosomes in the cytoplasm

true

T/F There are 4 types of RNA: mRNA, rRNA, sRNA, and tRNA

true

The amount of A equals the amount of T and the amount of G equals the amount of C is known as ____________ rules

Chargaff's

the amount of A = T, and the amount of C = G

Chargaff's rules

the process in which DNA is copied

DNA replication

used X rays to learn more about DNA's structure

Franklin

found that there exists a substance that could change the characteristics of another organism

Griffith

____________ and Chase confirmed that DNA is the genetic material

Hershey

confirmed that DNA is the genetic material

Hershey and Chase

____________ contains the nitrogen base uracil

RNA

discovered the shape of DNA

Watson and Crick

Chargaff's rules state that (a) the amount of adenine equals the amount of thymine. (b) the amount of adenine equals the amount of guanine. (c) the amount of thymine equals the amount of guanine. (d) the amount of cytosine equals the amount of thymine.

a

If one strand of DNA is CAGGTTACG, the opposite strand is (a) GTCCAATGC. (b) GTCCTTAGC. (c) CAGGTTACG. (d) GTCCTTACG

a

The types of RNA include (a) messenger RNA. (b) nuclear RNA. (c) cytoplasmic RNA. (d) all of the above

a

Differences between DNA and RNA include which of the following? (1) RNA consists of one nucleotide chain. (2) RNA contains the nitrogen base uracil instead of thymine. (3) RNA contains the sugar ribose instead of deoxyribose. (a) 1, 2, and 3 (b) 1 and 2 (c) 2 and 3 (d) 2 only

b

The subunits of DNA are nucleotides consisting of (a) a sugar, a carbon group, and a nitrogen-containing base. (b) a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen-containing base. (c) a sugar, a phosphate group, and an oxygen-containing base. (d) a lipid, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen-containing base

b

Which of the following statements concerning DNA is correct? (1) DNA contains instructions for all the proteins your body makes. (2) The shape of DNA is a double helix. (3) The central dogma of molecular biology states RNA → DNA → Protein. (a) 1 only (b) 1 and 2 (c) 2 and 3 (d) 1, 2, and 3

b

The order of experiments proving that DNA is the genetic material is (a) Avery → Griffith → Hershey and Chase. (b) Hershey and Chase → Griffith → Avery. (c) Griffith → Avery → Hershey and Chase. (d) Griffith → Hershey and Chase → Avery.

c

DNA → RNA → Protein

central dogma of molecular biology

The structure of DNA was identified by (a) Rosalind Franklin. (b) Erwin Chargaff. (c) Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase. (d) James Watson and Francis Crick

d

Griffith showed that a substance could be transferred to harmless bacteria and make them ____________

deadly

DNA stands for ____________

deoxiribo nucleic acid

the shape of DNA

double helix

T/F Because of Chargaff's rules, if the order of bases on one strand of DNA is known, the order of bases on the other strand can be predicted

false

T/F For many decades, scientists thought that proteins were the genetic material

false

T/F If one strand of DNA is GAATTC, the opposite strand would be CTTAAG.

false

T/F In DNA replication, half of the parent DNA molecule is conserved in each of the two daughter DNA molecules

false

T/F RNA is much larger than DNA.

false

T/F RNA uses the instructions in DNA to make a protein.

false

T/F The shape of DNA is similar to a spiral staircase, and is referred to as a double helix

false

T/F mRNA is a copy of the genetic instructions from the DNA

false

The DNA molecule has a double ____________ shape

helix

____________ RNA copies the genetic instructions from DNA in the nucleus, and carries them to the cytoplasm

messenger

copies the genetic instructions from DNA in the nucleus, and carries the instructions to the cytoplasm

messenger RNA

subunit of DNA

nucleotide