7.2
Cytoplasm is composed of ____
- cytosol - carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins - organelles
Organelles that build proteins
- ribosomes - endoplasmic reticulum - Golgi apparatus
Organelles that store, clean up, and support
- vacuoles - lysosomes - cytoskeleton - centrioles
Photosynthesis needs ____
CO2
Cell walls lie outside the ____
Cell membrane
Consists of a lipid bilayer, a strong but flexible barrier between the cell and its surroundings
Cell membrane
Support, shape,and protects the cell
Cell wall
Most prokaryotes and many eukaryotes have them
Cell walls
Organelles made from tubulins; they organize cell division in animal cells
Centrioles
Cells of plants and some other organisms contain chloroplasts, which contain ____
Chlorophyll
A complex mixture of cytoskeleton filaments, dissolved molecules, and water that fills much of the volume of a cell
Cytosol
Animals ____ have cell walls
Do not
An internal membrane system where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled, along with proteins and other materials
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
An organelle that appears as a stack of flattened membranes; it modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the ER for storage in the cell or release outside the cell
Golgi apparatus
What organelles is like a post office
Golgi apparatus
The nucleus contains nearly all the cell's DNA and, with it, the coded instructions for ____ and other important ____
Making proteins; molecules
Most cell walls allow ____ to pass through them
Materials
What is an example of city hall in a cell
Nucleus
Eukaryotic cells contain a ____ and many ____
Nucleus; specialized structures
____ do not have a nucleus and ____ have a nucleus
Prokaryotes; eukaryotes
Most biological membranes are ____, allowing some substances, but not others, to pass across them
Selectively permeable
Fluid portion of a cell
cytoplasm
A network of protein filaments; it helps the cell maintain its shape and is involved in movement
cytoskeleton
Contains DNA and controls the activity of a cell
nucleus
Two types of organelles act as power plants of the cells
- chloroplasts - mitochondria
Both cell membranes and cell walls separate cells from the ____ and provide ____
Environment; support
chloroplast and mitochondria are surrounded by ____ membranes
Two
Membrane-enclosed saclike structures that store water, salts, and organic molecules
Vacuoles
All cells are surrounded by a ____
cell membrane
Regulates what enters and leaves the cell and also protects and supports the cell
cell membrane
Capture the energy from sunlight and convert it into food that contains chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis
chloroplasts
Small organelles filled with enzymes that break down large molecules and organelles that are no longer useful
lysosomes
Found in nearly all eukaryotic cells; they convert the chemical energy stored in food to a usable form
mitochondria
The control center of the cell
nucleus
Structures that have specialized functions in eukaryotic cells
organelles
Small particles of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm in all cells; they produce proteins by following coded instructions from DNA
ribosomes
