Biology

Select all of the following outcomes of a cell that is in a hypertonic solution. Check all that apply.

The cell will shrivel up and crenation will occur, water will rush out of the cell

Which of the following descriptions best describes a chemical digestion?

The collection of processes that break down nutrients into smaller units through enzymatic reactions

Which of the following descriptions best describes mechanical digestion?

The collection of processes that increase the surface area of food to make chemical digestion more efficient

In a hypertonic solution,

The concentration of solute is greater outside the cell compared to inside the cell.

The bulk of ATP molecules are produced during which phase of cellular respiration?

The electron transport chain

Which of the following processes occur within the mitochondria of the cell and generate ATP? Select all that apply.

The electron transport chain, the citric acid cycle

Select all of the following that are required for facilitated diffusion to take place.

The movement of materials is down its concentration gradient. The materials flow through, protein carriers or channels into or out of the cell.

During feedback inhibition,

The product at the end of the pathway has the ability to turn off the enzyme.

Which of the following is an example of active transport?

The sodium-potassium pump

Which organ is responsible for receiving food from the esophagus and storing it while mixing it through wrist make muscle contractions?

The stomach

Which of these statements best describes the stomach?

The stomach is a major organ of the digestive system that mechanically mixes food and begins the process of protein digestion.

Select all of the outcomes for a cell that is placed in an isotonic solution.

There is no net movement of water into or out of the cell.

At the end of the citric acid cycle, the remaining carbon-carbon bonds in the original glucose molecule have been broken down. Some are recycled back into the cycle to start again. What is the feet of the other carbon atoms?

They are released as for molecules of carbon dioxide gas

Which of the following best describes events that occurred during the preparatory reactions?

To pyruvate molecules are modified into two molecules of acetyl CoA.

The sodium-potassium pump is an example of active transport. It requires the use of energy.

True

Select all of the possible outcomes of a cell that is placed in a hypotonic solution.

Water rushes into the cell, the cell will swell to lysis

The prefix " endo-" means

" Within", meaning materials are being brought within the cell.

The prefix "exo-" means

" outside", meaning materials are being brought to the outside of the cell.

Many amino acids join together to form

A protein

In humans, the energy from food is converted into____, the molecule that is used for all life processes.

ATP

The molecule that is responsible for all of the energy required processes of a cell is called

ATP

When humans consume food, the energy that results from its breakdown is converted into a molecule called____ That is used for a cellular activities.

ATP

Which of the following is a rolled up proteins play in living organisms?

Act as enzymes to digest nutrient molecules

Proteins can play mini diverse rolls and sells. Select all of the following that are functions of proteins.

Act as signaling molecules in our nervous system, function as enzymes in the digestive system

Substrates bind to the____ site of an enzyme.

Active

The movement of substances into or out of the cell require the use of energy is called_____ transport.

Active

The movement of materials into or out of the cell with the expenditure of energy is called_____.

Active transport

Proteins are made of "building blocks" called________ acids.

Amino

Proteins are organic nutrient molecules that are composed of individual units called________

Amino acids

Select the three components that are found in all amino acids.

Amino group, Carboxyl group, Variable R group

Select a component of the plasma membrane that are responsible for its semi-permeable nature.

Bilayer of phospholipids, with their hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails..., The variety of transport proteins that are embedded within it

Which of these organelles is directly involved in nutrient processing within cells?

Both mitochondria and lysosomes

From the list, choose those foods that are good sources of carbohydrates

Bread and rice

Select all of the processes that occur within the digestive tract

Break down food to access its nutrients, provides nutrients and water to the body, removes digested waste materials from the body

After a substrate is used in an enzymatic reaction, it_________ be used again. The enzyme.______ be used again.

Cannot, can

Which of the following is one of the major classes of energy nutrients? Does the body digest for energy production?

Carbohydrates

Which of the following nutrients provide energy to the body? Select all that apply.

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins

The process in which cells take glucose sugars and convert them into ATP energy is called_____

Cellular respiration

The bonds within the atoms of a molecule store ____ energy, which can be released when an organism needs energy for life processes.

Chemical

The energy contained within the glucose bonds found in some food molecules is called____________energy

Chemical

The process of photosynthesis converts solar energy into_____ energy, which is the energy form that is usable by organisms for life processes.

Chemical

The processes that break down large molecules into smaller ones through enzymatic reactions are collectively referred to as_______ digestion

Chemical

Animals require sort of out of food to obtain the_____ needed for their life processes.

Chemical energy

Which of the following describes one of the rules that lipids play in living organisms?

Compose the plasma membrane of cells

The passive movement of materials from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration concentration_____.

Diffusion

Which of the following methods of moving materials into a cell requires no energy?

Diffusion

Select all of the following ways of moving materials in and out of cells that do not require energy.

Diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis

Which of the following methods transport involves moving bulk materials into the cell?

Endocytosis

Carbohydrates provide a source of______for life processes.

Energy

When the bunch within a chemical molecules are broken_____ is released, which feels life processes.

Energy

Set all of the following roles that lipids play in living organisms.

Energy storage, hormone production, make up the plasma, membrane of cells

Materials are moved out of the cell and bulk through a process called_____

Exocytosis

The movement of materials down there concentration gradient into cells through the use of special carrier or channel proteins is called_____.

Facilitated diffusion

True or false: enzymes will work, efficiently, regardless of environmental conditions.

False

The activity, he of most enzymes and metabolic pathways within the digestive system is regulated by

Feedback inhibition.

The regulating process where the product of an enzymatic pathway has the ability to temporary turn off enzyme activity is called

Feedback inhibition.

Select all of the following organs that are accessory organs of the digestive system.

Gallbladder, liver, pancreas, salivary glands

Which of the following best describes the events that occurr during glycolysis?

Glucose molecules are split into two pyruvate molecules, resulting in a net production of two ATP molecules, and two NADH molecules.

Select the two components that make up all Felton oils.

Glycerol, Three fatty acid tails

Select the two components that make up all fats and oils.

Glycerol, three fatty acid tails

Which of the following is an example of a carbohydrate?

Glycogen

This stage of cellular respiration were glucose molecules are initially broken down is called

Glycolysis

Select all of the following stages that are involved in the breakdown of organic nutrients into energy.

Glycolysis, the electron transport chain, the citric acid cycle, the preparatory reactions

Please, the following stages of cellular respiration in the order in which they occur

Glycolysis, the preparatory reactions, the citric acid cycle, the electron transport chain

Select all of the following that are components of the plasma membrane in eukaryotic organisms.

Glycoproteins, phospholipids, cholesterol

Which of the following best describes the events that occurred during electron transport chain?

High energy electron carriers are used to pump hydrogen ions across the membranes in the mitochondria, creating a gradient that is then used to regenerate ATP molecules. Water is also formed.

The phospholipids within the plasma membrane have two parts;a ______ phosphate, and glycerol " head" and two______ fatty acid " tails". This structure contributes to its semi-permeable nature.

Hydrophilic, hydrophobic

In a(n)______ solution, the solute concentration is greater inside the cell than outside the cell. Water rushes into the cell until equilibrium is met.

Hypotonic

Which of the following is one of the main functions of the digestive system?

Ingesting nutrients and breaking them down into smaller molecules that can be used elsewhere for life processes

Endocytosis is defined as the bulk movement of materials_____the cell.

Into

In a(n)_____ solution, there is no net movement of water into or out of the cell.

Isotonic

Select all of the following that are examples of carbohydrates.

Lactose, starch, glucose

Which of the following energy nutrients provide energy for living processes?

Lipids

Accessory organs associated with the human digestive system, or the salivary glands, pancreas, gallbladder, and________ .

Liver

Which of the following groups of organs are responsible for producing and store in bio until I needed by the small intestine?

Liver and gallbladder

Which of the following organs are responsible for producing and store in bile to assist in lipid digestion?

Liver and gallbladder

Select the organelles that are found within animal cells that are involved in nutrient processing (including bringing nutrients into cells, breaking them down, and converting them into usable energy).

Lysosomes, plasma, membrane, mitochondria

Diffusion is a passive process, because

Materials move down there, concentration gradient, there is no expenditure of energy

The collective processes that break down and increase the surface area of food, so that nutrients can be better digested are collectively referred to as

Mechanical digestion

Which of the following organelles plays in direct role in the conversion of nutrients to energy?

Mitochondria

With an animal cells,______ are responsible for energy production, earning the nickname " the powerhouse" of the cell.

Mitochondria

Within the cell, glucose sugars are converted into ATP energy within organelles called____.

Mitochondria

Select the conditions that may speed up the rate at which an enzyme functions. Assume the enzyme is an optimal conditions.

None of these will speed up the rate at which reaction occurs because the reaction is a already occurring at optimal conditions.

In a(n)______ solution, the solute concentration is greater outside the cell than inside the cell. Water is out of the cell until equilibrium is met.

Osmosis

Select any method listed that is the transport of materials without any expenditure of energy.

Osmosis, facilitated, diffusion, passive transport

The movement of materials into or out of a cell without any energy expenditure is called_____ transport.

Passive

All fat and oils are composed of

Phosphate, head and two fatty acid tails

The plasma membrane is composed of two layers of______.

Phospholipids

Most digestive enzymes are considered to be____ nutrient molecules and have complex three-dimensional shapes that allow them to interact with molecules to catalyze chemical reactions.

Protein

Energy nutrients that function as enzymes in the digestive system, and act as signaling molecules in the nervous system are called__________

Proteins

Most digestive enzymes are

Proteins

Select the three major classes of energy nutrients from the list provided.

Proteins, carbohydrates, lipids

Which of the following is one of the main roles of carbohydrates within living organisms?

Providing a source of energy for life processes

Which of the following accessory organs is responsible for lubricating food for mechanical digestion, as well as providing enzymes to begin carbohydrate digestion?

Salivary glands

Which of the following are accessory organs associated with the human digestive system?

Salivary glands, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder

The plasma membrane is_______ meaning it allows some materials to pass, but not other materials.

Semi-permeable

Animals obtain chemical energy from

the foods they eat