Milady esthetics chapter 9

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Three basic types of carbohydrates

Simple sugars, starches, fiber

What are two types of fiber?

Soluble and Insoluble

monosaccharide

The most basic unit of a carbohydrate is glucose, the simplest of all carbohydrates. The glucose molecule is known as a monosaccharide (mono means one and saccharide means sugar)

Macronutrients

The three basic food groups that make up the largest part of the nutrition we eat.

Disaccharide

These are made up of two molecular sugar units. Lactose (milk sugar) and sucrose (sugar)

Carbohydrates

These break down the basic chemical sugars that supply energy for the body

Vitamin D

This can be synthesized from cholesterol when the body is exposed to sunlight

Vitamin E

Tocopherol; helps protect the skin from the harmful effects of the suns rays

Calories are measured units of heat

True

Lactose and sucrose are examples of carbohydrates

True

Macronutrients are the three basic food groups

True - proteins, carbohydrates, fats

Sodium

Helps regulate the ph of the blood

Fortified

Indicates that a vitamin has been added to a food product

Vitamin A

Antioxidant that aids in the functioning and repair of skin cells

Vitamin C

Ascorbic acid; an antioxidant needed for proper repair of the skin and tissues

Water soluble vitamins are:

B and C

Bioflavonoid

Sometimes referred to as vitamin P, this is considered an aid to healthy skin and is found most abundantly in citrus fruits

Adenosine triphosphate ATP

Substance that provides energy to cells and converts oxygen to carbon dioxide

Retinoic acid

Vitamin A derivative that has demonstrated an ability to alter collagen synthesis and is used to treat acne and visible signs of aging

Tocopherol

Vitamin E

Vitamin K

Vitamin responsible for the synthesis of factors necessary for blood coagulation

Glycosaminoglycans

Water-binding substances found between the fibers of the dermis

B vitamins

Water-soluble vitamins that interact with other water-soluble vitamins and act as coenzymes by facilitating enzymatic reactions

Foods with vitamin B-6 (pyridoxine)

Whole grains, leafy greens vegetables, yeast, bananas, organ meats

What foods are a good source of copper?

Whole greens, leafy green vegetables, seafood, almonds

What mineral is important for protein synthesis and collagen formation, and promotes wound healing and helps the immune system?

Zinc

Fat soluble vitamins are:

A, D, E, and K

How many non essential amino acids are there?

11

How many common amino acids are there?

20

How much of your daily food intake should consist of fat?

26% or 60 grams

How many calories are in a single gram of protein?

4 calories

What percentage of water composes our body weight?

50% to 70%

What B vitamin is involved in energy formation by cells and the synthesis of both proteins and fatty acids?

Biotin

DASH

Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension

Amino Acids

Organic acids that form the building blocks of protein

What is important for proper bone and tooth formation?

Calcium

Mucopolysaccharides

Carbohydrate-lipid complexes that are good water binders

Complementary foods

Combinations of two incomplete proteins that, together, provide all the essential amino acids and make a complete protein.

Polysaccharides

Complex compounds consist of a chain of sugar unit molecules. A digestible polysaccharide starch can be broken down by the digestive system into simpler, usable, glucose molecules. Starch is the storage form of glucose for plants. Fiber is also a polysaccharide but is not digestible.

Micronutrients

Essential trace minerals and vitamins that we need for proper body functions

Micronutrients

Essential trace vitamins and minerals that we need for proper body functions, including; copper, iodine, zinc, and selenium

What types of foods should you choose?

Grains, vegetables, dairy, fruits, and proteins

Vitamin K

Helps the blood coagulate

Minerals

Inorganic materials required for many reactions of the cells and body

How should vitamin E be administered to help heal damaged tissues?

Internally and externally


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