Milady esthetics chapter 9
Three basic types of carbohydrates
Simple sugars, starches, fiber
What are two types of fiber?
Soluble and Insoluble
monosaccharide
The most basic unit of a carbohydrate is glucose, the simplest of all carbohydrates. The glucose molecule is known as a monosaccharide (mono means one and saccharide means sugar)
Macronutrients
The three basic food groups that make up the largest part of the nutrition we eat.
Disaccharide
These are made up of two molecular sugar units. Lactose (milk sugar) and sucrose (sugar)
Carbohydrates
These break down the basic chemical sugars that supply energy for the body
Vitamin D
This can be synthesized from cholesterol when the body is exposed to sunlight
Vitamin E
Tocopherol; helps protect the skin from the harmful effects of the suns rays
Calories are measured units of heat
True
Lactose and sucrose are examples of carbohydrates
True
Macronutrients are the three basic food groups
True - proteins, carbohydrates, fats
Sodium
Helps regulate the ph of the blood
Fortified
Indicates that a vitamin has been added to a food product
Vitamin A
Antioxidant that aids in the functioning and repair of skin cells
Vitamin C
Ascorbic acid; an antioxidant needed for proper repair of the skin and tissues
Water soluble vitamins are:
B and C
Bioflavonoid
Sometimes referred to as vitamin P, this is considered an aid to healthy skin and is found most abundantly in citrus fruits
Adenosine triphosphate ATP
Substance that provides energy to cells and converts oxygen to carbon dioxide
Retinoic acid
Vitamin A derivative that has demonstrated an ability to alter collagen synthesis and is used to treat acne and visible signs of aging
Tocopherol
Vitamin E
Vitamin K
Vitamin responsible for the synthesis of factors necessary for blood coagulation
Glycosaminoglycans
Water-binding substances found between the fibers of the dermis
B vitamins
Water-soluble vitamins that interact with other water-soluble vitamins and act as coenzymes by facilitating enzymatic reactions
Foods with vitamin B-6 (pyridoxine)
Whole grains, leafy greens vegetables, yeast, bananas, organ meats
What foods are a good source of copper?
Whole greens, leafy green vegetables, seafood, almonds
What mineral is important for protein synthesis and collagen formation, and promotes wound healing and helps the immune system?
Zinc
Fat soluble vitamins are:
A, D, E, and K
How many non essential amino acids are there?
11
How many common amino acids are there?
20
How much of your daily food intake should consist of fat?
26% or 60 grams
How many calories are in a single gram of protein?
4 calories
What percentage of water composes our body weight?
50% to 70%
What B vitamin is involved in energy formation by cells and the synthesis of both proteins and fatty acids?
Biotin
DASH
Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension
Amino Acids
Organic acids that form the building blocks of protein
What is important for proper bone and tooth formation?
Calcium
Mucopolysaccharides
Carbohydrate-lipid complexes that are good water binders
Complementary foods
Combinations of two incomplete proteins that, together, provide all the essential amino acids and make a complete protein.
Polysaccharides
Complex compounds consist of a chain of sugar unit molecules. A digestible polysaccharide starch can be broken down by the digestive system into simpler, usable, glucose molecules. Starch is the storage form of glucose for plants. Fiber is also a polysaccharide but is not digestible.
Micronutrients
Essential trace minerals and vitamins that we need for proper body functions
Micronutrients
Essential trace vitamins and minerals that we need for proper body functions, including; copper, iodine, zinc, and selenium
What types of foods should you choose?
Grains, vegetables, dairy, fruits, and proteins
Vitamin K
Helps the blood coagulate
Minerals
Inorganic materials required for many reactions of the cells and body
How should vitamin E be administered to help heal damaged tissues?
Internally and externally
