7th Grade Math Vocabulary Epic Charter

origin

The intersection of the x- and y-axes in the coordinate plane, described by the ordered pair (0, 0).

maximum

The largest amount; the greatest number in a data set.

area of a circle

The measure, in square units, of the interior of a 2-dimensional figure. The formula for the area of a circle A = πr²

area

The measure, in square units, of the interior region of a 2-dimensional figure or the surface of a 3-dimensional figure

median

The middle number of a set of numbers when the numbers are arranged from least to greatest, or the mean of two middle numbers when the set has two middle numbers.

volume

The number of cubic units it takes to fill a figure.

frequency

The number of times an event occurs within a specific time period.

numerator

The number or expression written above the line in a fraction.

base of an exponent

The number that is raised to a power.

exponent

The number that tells how many equal factors there are.

height

The perpendicular distance from a vertex to the opposite side of a plane figure.

vertex

The point at which two line segments, lines, or rays meet to form an angle. (plural - vertices)

multiple

The product of a whole number and any other whole number.

denominator

The quantity below the line in a fraction. It tells the number of equal parts into which a whole is divided.

pi

The ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter. Equal to 3.14159265358979323846... (the digits go on forever without repeating) A rough approximation is 22/7 = 3.14

relative frequency

The ratio of an actual number of favorable events to the total possible number of events; often taken as an estimate of probability.

substitution

The replacement of the letters in an algebraic expression with known values.

sum

The result of addition.

product

The result of multiplication.

quotient

The result of the division of one quantity by another.

statistics

The science of collecting, organizing, representing, and interpreting data.

sample space

The set of all possible outcomes of a random process.

integers

The set of whole numbers and their opposites.

base of a polygon

The side of a polygon that is perpendicular to the altitude or height

common denominator

for two or more fractions, a common denominator is a common multiple of the denominators

quadrants

The four sections of a coordinate grid that are separated by the axes.

outcome

a possible result of a probability experiment.

axis

a reference line from which distances or angles are measured in a coordinate grid. (Plural - axes)

acute triangle

a triangle with no angle measuring 90 degrees or more

distributive property

a x (b + c) = (a x b) + (a x c) and a x (b - c) = (a x b) - (a x c), where a, b, and c stand for any real numbers

discount

an amount that is subtracted from the regular price of an item.

area (quadrilateral)

area is the measurement of the 2-dimensional region enclosed by the quadrilateral

signed number

positive or negative number.

experimental probablility

probability based on an experiment written as a ratio comparing the number of times the event occurred to the number of trials.

theoretical probablity

probability based on reasoning written as a ratio of the number of favorable outcomes to the number of possible outcomes.

three-dimensional

3-D. Existing in 3 dimensions; having length, width, and height.

coordinate plane

A 2- dimensional system in which the coordinates of a point are its distances from two intersecting, usually perpendicular, straight lines called axes, (Also called coordinate grid or coordinate system)

prism

A 3-dimensional figure that has two congruent and parallel faces that are polygons. The remaining faces are parallelograms.

histogram

A bar graph in which labels for the bars are numerical intervals.

polygon

A closed figure formed from line segments that meet only at their endpoints

ratio

A comparison of two numbers using division.

terminating decimal

A decimal which has a finite number of digits.

line plot

A diagram showing frequency of data on a number line.

number line

A diagram that represents numbers as points on a line.

scale drawing

A drawing of an object or structure showing all parts in the same proportion of their true size.

diagram

A drawing that represents a mathematical situation.

tax

A fee charged by a government on a product, income, or activity.

quadrilateral

A four-sided polygon.

improper fraction

A fraction with a numerator greater than (or equal to) its denominator

solid figure

A geometric figure with 3 dimensions.

transversal

A line that cuts across two or more (usually parallel) lines.

exponential notation

A mathematical method for writing longer multiplication problems in a simplified manner.

inequality

A mathematical sentence that compares two unequal expressions using one of the symbols <, >, ≤, ≥, or ≠.

outlier

A number in a set of data that is much larger or smaller than most of the other numbers in the set.

rational number

A number that can be expressed as a ratio of two integers.

constant

A number with a value that is always the same.

mixed number

A number with an integer and a fraction part.

term

A number, variable, product, or quotient in an expression. A term is not a sum or difference.

coefficient

A numerical factor in a term of an algebraic expression.

vertical angle

A pair of angles is said to be vertical if the angles share the same vertex and are bounded by the same pair of lines but are opposite to each other. Such angles are congruent and thus have equal measure.

ordered pair

A pair of numbers that gives the coordinates of a point on a grid in this order (horizontal (x) coordinate, vertical (y) coordinate). Also known as a coordinate pair.

graph

A pictorial device used to show a numerical relationship.

regular polygon

A polygon that is both equilateral and equiangular. Its center is the point that is equidistant from its vertices.

triangle

A polygon with three angles and three sides.

pyramid

A polyhedron whose base is a polygon and whose other faces are triangles that share a common vertex.

unit cube

A precisely fixed quantity used to measure volume.

percent

A special ratio that compares a number to 100 using the symbol %.

long division

A standard procedure suitable for dividing simple or complex multi-digit numbers.

trapezoid

A quadrilateral with one set of parallel lines. It is not a parallelogram because only one pair of sides is parallel

rectangle

A quadrilateral with two pairs of congruent, parallel sides and four right angles.

parallelogram

A quadrilateral with two pairs of parallel and congruent sides.

variable

A quantity that changes or can have different values. A symbol, usually a letter, that can stand for a variable quantity.

simple interest

A quick method for calculating the interest charge on a loan.

unit rate

A rate with a denominator of 1.

rate

A ratio comparing two different units

rational coefficient

A rational number which multiplies a variable.

random sample

A selection that is chosen randomly (purely by chance, with no predictability.)

event

A set of outcomes to which a probability is assigned.

solution set

A set of values that satisfy a given set of equations or inequalities.

equation

A statement that two mathematical expressions are equal.

cube

A three-dimensional shape with six square faces.

protractor

A tool used to measure and draw angles.

obtuse triangle

A triangle that contains one angle with a measure greater than 90 degrees (obtuse angle) and two acute angles.

isosceles triangle

A triangle that has at least two congruent sides.

scalene triangle

A triangle that has no congruent sides.

right triangle

A triangle that has one 90 degree angle.

equilateral triangle

A triangle whose sides are all the same length.

independent variable

A variable in a mathematical equation whose value determines that of a dependent variable.

expression

A variable or combination of variables, numbers, and symbols that represents a mathematical relationship.

fraction

A way of representing part of a whole or part of a group by telling the number of equal parts in the whole and the number of parts you are describing.

permutations

All possible arrangements of a collection of things, where the order is important

coordinate system

Also know as a coordinate grid. A 2-dimensional system in which the coordinates of a point are its distances from two intersecting, usually perpendicular straight lines called axes.

quantity

An amount

markups

An amount added to the cost price to determine the selling price; broadly: profit

measures of central tendency

An average; a single value that is used to represent a collection of data. Three commonly used types of averages are mode, median, and mean.

proportion

An equation showing that two rations are equivalent.

likely event

An event that is most likely to happen.

unlikely event

An event that will probably not happen. An outcome with a probability between 0 and 0.5.

coordinate pair

An ordered pair of numbers that identify a point on a coordinate plane.

coordinates

An ordered pair of numbers that identify a point on a coordinate plane.

table

An organized way to list data. Tables usually have rows and columns of data.

alternate interior angles

Angles created when a transversal crosses two (usually parallel) lines. Each pair of these angles are inside the parallel lines, and on opposite sides of the transversal.

alternate exterior angles

Angles created when a transversal crosses two (usuallyparallel) lines. Each pair of these angles are outside the parallel lines, and on opposite sides of the transversal.

geometric figure

Any combinations of points, lines, planes, or curves in two or three dimensions.

common factor

Any common factor of two or more numbers

whole numbers

Any of the numbers 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and so on.

bisect

Divide into two equal parts.

opposite

Having a different sign but the same numeral.

infinite

Having no boundaries or limits.

supplementary angles

If the sum of the measures of two angles is 180 degrees, then the two angles are supplementary. If two angles form a straight line, then they are supplementary.

equivalent ratio

If two rations have the same value when simplified, then they are called this.

x-axis

In a Cartesian grid, the horizontal axis.

y-axis

In a Cartesian grid, the vertical axis.

dependent variable

In a function, a variable whose value is determined by the value of the related independent variable.

x-coordinate

In an ordered pair, the value that is always written first.

y-coordinate

In an ordered pair, the value that is always written second.

data

Information, especially numerical information. Usually organized for analysis.

less than

Less than is used to compare two numbers when the first number is smaller than the second number.

equivalent

Naming the same number

negative numbers

Numbers less than 0

positive numbers

Numbers that are greater than zero.

percent decrease

Percent decrease is a measure of percent change, which is the extent to which a variable loses value. It is found by comparing the initial (or before) and final (or after) quantities according to a specific formula. IT is assumed that both the initial and the final quantities are positive (larger than 0).

percent error

Percent error is the difference between a predicted value and the actual value. Percent errors tell you how close or how far you came to the actual answer.

percent increase

Percent increase is measure of percent change, which is the extent to which a variable gains value. It is found by comparing the initial (or before) and final (or after) quantities according to a specific formula. It is assumed that both the initial and the final quantities are positive (larger than 0).

order of operations

Rules describing what sequence to use in evaluating expressions. (1) Evaluate within grouping symbols. (2) Do powers or roots. (3) Multiply or divide left to right. (4) Add or subtract left to right.

gratuities

Something given voluntarily or beyond obligation usually for some service: tip.

inferences

The act or process of deriving logical conclusions from premises known or assumed to be true.

markdowns

The amount by which a price is reduced.

plane sections

The area created by a plane cutting through a solid

area of a triangle

The area of triangle is A = ½bh, where b = the base and h = the vertical height

probablility

The chance that a particular outcome will occur, measured as a ratio of the total possible outcomes.

range

The difference between the greatest number and the least number in a set of numbers.

absolute value

The distance of a number from zero on the number line. Always Positive

populations

The entire collection of items that is the focus of concern. A population can be any size and while the items need not be uniform, the items must share at least one measurable feature.

radical sign

The sign √ placed before a quantity, indicating extraction of the root designated by a raised integer. When extracting a square root, the raised integer is customarily omitted.

minimum

The smallest amount; the smallest number in a data set.

least common multiple (LCM)

The smallest common multiple of a set of two or more numbers.

mean

The sum of a set of numbers divided by the number of elements in the set. (A type of average)

simplify

To express a fraction in simplest form.

estimate

To find a number close to an exact amount; an estimate tells about how much or about how many.

evaluate

To find the value of a mathematical expression.

scaling

To increase or decrease proportionately in size.

prediction

To state in advance on the basis of observation, experience, or scientific reason.

reciprocals

Two numbers whose product is 1. Also called multiplicative inverses.

compound event

Two or more independent events considered together.

greater than

Used to compare two numbers when the first number is larger than the second number.

commissions

a fee charged by a broker or agent for his/her service in facilitating a transaction

algebraic expression

a group of numbers, symbols, and variables that express an operation or a series of operations

diameter

a line segment that passes through the center of the circle with endpoints on the circle.

additive inverse

a number that is the same distance from 0 on the number line, but in the opposite direction

rhombus

a parallelogram with 4 equal sides. Opposite angles are congruent.

proportional relationship

is a relationship between two variable quantities x and y, where y is a constant multiple (k) of x. This can be expressed in the simple equation, y = kx.

square root

is a value that, when multiplied by itself, gives the number.

corresponding angles

the angles that occupy the same relative position at each intersection where a straight line crosses two others. If the two lines are parallel, the corresponding angles are equal.

circumference

the distance around a circle, which equals a little more than three times is diameter

mode

the most frequently occurring number in a data set. There can be more than one or no mode.

altitude

the perpendicular distance from a vertex to the opposite side of a plane figure

complementary angles

two angles are complementary is they add up to 90 degrees (right angle). They don't have to be next to each other