8a. Studying and Encoding Memories

When people develop expertise in an area, they process information using _____ and hierarchies

chunking

From another room, Amanda asked Juan where he had put the car keys. At first, Juan thought he hadn't heard Amanda. A second later, however, the question registered and he answered, "On the bedroom dresser." Which type of memory can explain this phenomenon?

echoic

Lori is an excellent student. She rewrites her class notes after each class and reviews the chapter covered in the lecture each evening. Rewriting her notes and reviewing the chapter is a form of:

rehearsal

If you visualize the stages of Atkinson and Shiffrin's model of memory as a funnel, the stage at the mouth of the funnel is:

sensory memory.

George Miller's research on short-term memory capacity indicated that we can store about seven bits of information in our _____ memory.

short term

Oliver is trying to make an online purchase, but he doesn't have his credit card with him. He calls his wife, who reads the 16-digit number to him. Unfortunately, he cannot remember the number long enough to type it into the computer. This is because:

short-term memory is limited in duration and capacity.

A good description of memory would be to say it is:

the mental processes that enable us to learn, store, and retrieve information.

Through conscious repetition of information, we can encode information for long-term storage. This is known as _____.

Rehearsal

Gina adequately studied for her psychology exam. However, while taking the exam she could not remember some of the material. According to the information-processing model of memory, she is having difficulty with:

Retrieval

Zhe distributes his study time rather than cramming. He is using the _____ effect.

spacing