8th History 2nd Nine Weeks 16-17

A. did not adequately protect individuals from potential government abuse. B. did not give the executive branch enough power to oversee the military.

1. George Mason refused to sign the Constitution and opposed its ratification because he believed that it —

C. prevented the legislative branch from effectively governing the states. D. prevented the judicial branch from using judicial review to overturn acts of the legislature.

1. George Mason refused to sign the Constitution and opposed its ratification because he believed that it —

F. The Stamp Act led to wide spread smuggling. G. Colonists raised revenue by imposing new taxes. H. British policies were opposed by many colonists. J. The colonists reacted to British laws in a non-violent way.

10. Which conclusion is best supported by the chart?

A. "All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States. . . ." B. "The President shall have Power to fill up all Vacancies that may happen during the Recess of the Senate. . . ." C. "The Judges, both of the supreme and inferior Courts, shall hold their Offices during good Behaviour. . . ." D. "The powers not delegated to the United States . . . are reserved to the States respectively. . . ."

25. Which excerpt from the Constitution expresses the principle of federalism?

F. The right to bear arms. G. Freedom to speak without fear of punishment. H. Protection from cruel and unusual punishment. J. Freedom of the press to report on court proceedings.

26. Which right best completes the diagram?

A. Mayflower Compact. B. Common Sense. C. Declaration of Independence. D. Fundamental Orders of Connecticut.

11. John Locke's writing influenced which of the following historical documents?

F. the states would surrender too much power to the federal government. G. alliances could not be formed with other countries. H. the courts would not be able to hold government officials accountable . J. individuals would exercise too much power over the federal government.

12. Patrick Henry opposed ratifying the U.S. Constitution because he believed that under it —

A. Direct democracy. B. Great Compromise. C. Checks and balances. D. Missouri Compromise.

13. Which of the following should replace the question mark in this diagram?

F. how the nation should develop economically. G. whether to enforce the Monroe Doctrine. H. how the nation should admit new states. J. whether to approve the Declaration of Independence.

14 .The Federalists and the Democratic-Republicans emerged as separate political parties partly as a result of disagreement over —

A. Subsistence farming. B. Free Enterprise. C. Mercantilism. D. Socialism.

15. Which type of economy is best described by these characteristics?

F. The First Amendment guarantees personal freedoms. G. The Declaration of Independence asserts the principle of popular sovereignty. H. The U.S. Constitution establishes the structure of the federal government. J. The Fifth Amendment protects the rights of the accused.

16. This event best demonstrates which feature of the American way of life?

A. George Washington. B. Alexander Hamilton. C. Samuel Adams. D. John Quincy Adams.

17. These remarks best reflect a confirmation of which U.S. president's foreign-policy goals?

F. First Amendment. G. Second Amendment. H. Sixth Amendment. J. Ninth Amendment.

18. When citizens report for jury duty, they are helping uphold a constitutional right guaranteed by the —

A. the creation of reservations for American Indians. B. a struggle to ratify the Bill of Rights. C. the establishment of the first U.S. political parties. D. a compromise over slavery in western territories.

19. Disagreements between these two cabinet members led to —

F. sign the Treaty of Paris. G. repeal the Intolerable Acts. H. declare an embargo on imported goods. J. restructure the federal government.

2. In 1787 the United States was at a crossroads. Farmers in western Massachusetts had rebelled the year before over property taxes. The state struggled to end the rebellion. Events such as this one contributed to the decision to —

F. excessive fines for traffic violations. G. imprisonment for life without a jury trial. H. excessive surveillance by the government. J. conscription by the armed forces.

20. The constitutional amendment excerpted above protects people in the United States from —

A. Southern states were threatening to secede from the Union. B. The United States had large debts from the American Revolution. C. Great Britain was refusing to trade with the United States. D. The Articles of Confederation needed to be replaced with a stronger constitution.

21. Which problem did George Washington encounter when he became president?

F. The president can appoint justices with the advice and consent of the Senate. G. Congress has the power to establish federal courts. H. The commerce clause allows Congress to regulate trade among the states. J. Congress can override a presidential veto with a two-thirds majority vote in both houses.

22. Which provision of the U.S. Constitution reflects this grievance?

A. Judicial review. B. Checks and balances. C. Popular sovereignty. D. Federalism.

23. Which principle of U.S. government is illustrated in the sequence shown above?

F. Articles of Confederation. G. Bill of Rights. H. Treaty of Paris. J. Declaration of Independence.

24. This sequence of events resulted in the adoption of the —

A. adaptation of laws to reflect changes in society. B. revision of laws by the executive branch. C. resolution of conflicts through the judicial system. D. validation of elections by a national authority.

27. Article V, excerpted above, is included in the U.S. Constitution to allow for the —

F. John Adams and Benjamin Franklin. G. Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Paine. H. George Washington and James Madison. J. Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton.

28. The first political parties in the United States were established in the 1790s largely because of political differences between —

A. Jurors return verdict in robbery case. B. company donates $1 million to Japan relief effort. C. flight attendants to vote next month on strike. D. parents boycott city public schools.

29. Which headline provides the best example of a civic duty?

A. It limited the power of future colonial governments. B. It weakened the influence of religion in government. C. It established a form of self-government based on a social contract. D. It guaranteed liberties for colonists through local government.

3. Which statement best explains the significance of the Mayflower Compact?

F. elected representatives are accountable to individual voters. G. courts have the right to resolve disputes between states. H. each branch of government can serve as a check on the other branches. J. power is divided between the federal government and state governments.

30. Those in favor of ratifying the Constitution would most likely respond to this concern by pointing out that —

F. The president officially requests that Congress propose the amendment. G. Three-fourths of state governors sign a petition in favor of proposing the amendment. H. A majority of citizens vote in favor of proposing the amendment. J. Two-thirds of both congressional houses vote in favor of proposing the amendment.

4. The Constitution describes two ways to propose an amendment. Which of the following gives an example of one way?

A. The passage of a trade embargo against Great Britain. B. The abolition of consumption taxes. C. The creation of a trade alliance with France. D. The establishment of a national bank.

5. According to Alexander Hamilton, which action was necessary to ensure the stability of the nation's economy?

F. A bill of rights should be included in the Constitution before it is ratified. G. Having a stronger central government will make the country more stable and prosperous. H. The Three-Fifths Compromise will result in fair and equal representation. J. Universal suffrage should be constitutionally guaranteed.

6. With which of the following arguments would the authors of The Federalist Papers most likely have agreed?

A. more than doubled the size of the United States. B. established a method for admitting new states to the Union. C. encouraged state legislatures to ratify the Constitution. D. proposed treaties with American Indians to allow the peaceful settlement of new territories.

7. The Northwest Ordinance is considered a historical milestone because it -

F. Taxation without representation is tyranny. G. Colonists should be grateful to be part of the British Empire. H. Citizens, under British rule, should support King George III. J. The English King deserves respect and loyalty from his subjects.

8. Which statement is most consistent with the views of Samuel Adams?

A. 1: Indigo. B. 2: Moderate. C. 3: Rocky soil . D. 4: Ships.

9. Which characteristic is correctly matched with a number in the table?