A & P 1 chapter 12 & 13 spinal cord, spinal nerves, spinal reflexes/brain

where does phrenic nerve originate?

c-3 c-5 diaphragm

what two brain regions have a cortex

cerebrum and cerebellum

pia mater

gentle mother innermost meningeal layer

cervical and lumbar

points of enlargements of the spinal cord occur

prefrontal cortex

region of the brain is responsible for predicting the consequences of actions

thalamus function

relay and processing centers or sensory info

shingles

viral infection of dorsal root, the anterior gray horn of the spinal nerve is infected

what % of the bodys neural tissue is contained in the adult brain?

97%

phrenic nerve

crucial for breathing

name 3 layers of spinal meninges

dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

when are innate reflexes formed?

during development

properties of limbic system?

estabilshing emotional states linking conscious to unconscious memory storage and retrieval affecting motivation

spinal nerves

sensory and motor

what would be blocked if the dorsal root of a spinal nerve was severed?

sensory functions

diencephalon

structural and functional link between cerebral hemisphere, thalamus, and hypothalamus

auditory cortex location

temporal lobe

segments of spinal cord

31

regions of spinal cord

4

what age does the vertebral column continue to elongate,but spinal cord has stopped growing?

4

spinal meninges

1. a series of specialized membranes surrounding the spinal cord that provide necessary stability and shock absorption. 2. blood vessels within layers deliver oxygen and nutrients to spinal cord

in what brain region is medulla oblongata located?

brain stem

hippocampus

brain structure is important in storage and recall of new long-term memories

damaged limbic system

cannot associate memory

VZV/varicella-zoster virus

causes shingles, chicken pox and herpes

2 lateral ventricles are located?

cerebral hemisphere

main divisions of the adult human brain

cerebrum, diencephalon, cerebellum, midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

pons

connects cerebellum to brain stem

hypothalamus function

controls endocrine, regulation of body temp, emotional behavior, food water, sleep ,wake circadian rhythms

medulla oblongata

controls relay sensory, regulates heart rate, blood pressure, digestion,breathing, ascending and descending tracts

association

cortical regions responsible for interpreting sensory info and coordinating motor responses

protective structures of brain

cranial bones cranial meninges cerebrospinal fluid blood brain barrier

what affect would a viral disease that destroys the cells of the anterior gray horn have on the body?

damaged muscle weakness, paralysis

3rd ventricle located?

diencephalon

basal nuclei functions

direct control over movement provide sbconscious control of skeletal muscle tone help coordinate learned movement patterns do not normally initiate movements general pattern and rhythm

what do ventricles contain?

filled with cerebrospinal fluid and lined by ependymal cells

subdural space

going in between two layers, separates dura mater from arachnoid mater

visual cortex function

helps us recognize what we see

reticular formation location

located in pons

reticular formation

loosely organized mass of gray matter that regulates vital autonomic functions

4th ventricle located?

metencephalon to the superior portion of medulla oblongata

brain stem

midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

arachnoid mater

middle meningeal layer

auditory cortex function

monitoring and recognize sound

gluteus minimus and maximas

muscles innervated by spinal nerves from the sacral region of the spinal cord

visual cortex location

occipital lobe

cerebrum

outer covering of brain

dura mater

outer most covering of spinal cord

pons function

oversees and fine tunes the function of the motor cortex

cerebellum

partially hidden by the cerebral hemisphere

spinal tap

procedure for withdrawing sample of cerebrospinal fluid, needle inserted into subarachnoid space in lumbar region inferior to tip of conus medullaris

cerebral spinal fluid

protection of brain, lined with ependymal cells throught cns

hypothalamus

provides the principal link between the nervous and endocrine system

thalamus

receives and relays sensory info to the cerebral cortex

what affect would a viral disease that destroys the cells in the posterior gray horns have on body?

somatic and visceral sensory nuclei (sensory , receiving and relay info

outcome for a crash vicitm injury to the c3-c5 spinal segments?

they could not breathe on their own, paralysis below this point

dorsal ramus & ventral ramus

two spinal segments make up a spinal nerve