A & P 1 chapter 12 & 13 spinal cord, spinal nerves, spinal reflexes/brain
where does phrenic nerve originate?
c-3 c-5 diaphragm
what two brain regions have a cortex
cerebrum and cerebellum
pia mater
gentle mother innermost meningeal layer
cervical and lumbar
points of enlargements of the spinal cord occur
prefrontal cortex
region of the brain is responsible for predicting the consequences of actions
thalamus function
relay and processing centers or sensory info
shingles
viral infection of dorsal root, the anterior gray horn of the spinal nerve is infected
what % of the bodys neural tissue is contained in the adult brain?
97%
phrenic nerve
crucial for breathing
name 3 layers of spinal meninges
dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
when are innate reflexes formed?
during development
properties of limbic system?
estabilshing emotional states linking conscious to unconscious memory storage and retrieval affecting motivation
spinal nerves
sensory and motor
what would be blocked if the dorsal root of a spinal nerve was severed?
sensory functions
diencephalon
structural and functional link between cerebral hemisphere, thalamus, and hypothalamus
auditory cortex location
temporal lobe
segments of spinal cord
31
regions of spinal cord
4
what age does the vertebral column continue to elongate,but spinal cord has stopped growing?
4
spinal meninges
1. a series of specialized membranes surrounding the spinal cord that provide necessary stability and shock absorption. 2. blood vessels within layers deliver oxygen and nutrients to spinal cord
in what brain region is medulla oblongata located?
brain stem
hippocampus
brain structure is important in storage and recall of new long-term memories
damaged limbic system
cannot associate memory
VZV/varicella-zoster virus
causes shingles, chicken pox and herpes
2 lateral ventricles are located?
cerebral hemisphere
main divisions of the adult human brain
cerebrum, diencephalon, cerebellum, midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata
pons
connects cerebellum to brain stem
hypothalamus function
controls endocrine, regulation of body temp, emotional behavior, food water, sleep ,wake circadian rhythms
medulla oblongata
controls relay sensory, regulates heart rate, blood pressure, digestion,breathing, ascending and descending tracts
association
cortical regions responsible for interpreting sensory info and coordinating motor responses
protective structures of brain
cranial bones cranial meninges cerebrospinal fluid blood brain barrier
what affect would a viral disease that destroys the cells of the anterior gray horn have on the body?
damaged muscle weakness, paralysis
3rd ventricle located?
diencephalon
basal nuclei functions
direct control over movement provide sbconscious control of skeletal muscle tone help coordinate learned movement patterns do not normally initiate movements general pattern and rhythm
what do ventricles contain?
filled with cerebrospinal fluid and lined by ependymal cells
subdural space
going in between two layers, separates dura mater from arachnoid mater
visual cortex function
helps us recognize what we see
reticular formation location
located in pons
reticular formation
loosely organized mass of gray matter that regulates vital autonomic functions
4th ventricle located?
metencephalon to the superior portion of medulla oblongata
brain stem
midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata
arachnoid mater
middle meningeal layer
auditory cortex function
monitoring and recognize sound
gluteus minimus and maximas
muscles innervated by spinal nerves from the sacral region of the spinal cord
visual cortex location
occipital lobe
cerebrum
outer covering of brain
dura mater
outer most covering of spinal cord
pons function
oversees and fine tunes the function of the motor cortex
cerebellum
partially hidden by the cerebral hemisphere
spinal tap
procedure for withdrawing sample of cerebrospinal fluid, needle inserted into subarachnoid space in lumbar region inferior to tip of conus medullaris
cerebral spinal fluid
protection of brain, lined with ependymal cells throught cns
hypothalamus
provides the principal link between the nervous and endocrine system
thalamus
receives and relays sensory info to the cerebral cortex
what affect would a viral disease that destroys the cells in the posterior gray horns have on body?
somatic and visceral sensory nuclei (sensory , receiving and relay info
outcome for a crash vicitm injury to the c3-c5 spinal segments?
they could not breathe on their own, paralysis below this point
dorsal ramus & ventral ramus
two spinal segments make up a spinal nerve