A and P 1- Unit 1

A healthy adult is expected to have a regular blood glucose level of

70-130mg/dL

Dehydration synthesis

A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule(anabolism)

ligand

A molecule that binds specifically to a receptor site of another molecule.

What is meant by a "set point"?

A range of values for a physiological condition

Isotonic solution

A solution whose solute concentration is equal to the solute concentration inside a cell

The coronal plane separates the body into

Anterior and posterior (front and back)

Deep

Away from the body surface; more internal

Lateral

Away from the midline of the body

Distal

Away from the point of attachment

The Urinary system is composed of which 3 main organs

Bladder, Ureters, Kidneys

Breaking down large complex food molecules into smaller simpler molecules to release energy is termed:

Catabolism

The hypothalamus performs thermoregulation by:

Causing the sweat glands to release water

Proximal

Closer to the point of attachment

Clinically-induced lowering of body temperature to slow metabolism is termed:

Controlled hypothermia

The liquid component of cells, composed mostly of water, is termed:

Cytoplasm

Dilation of blood vessels in the skin functions to:

Decrease body temperature

A patient is noted to have severe dehydration. Which of the following signs and symptoms is most likely to be exhibited by this patient?

Decreased ability to regulate temperature

Osmosis

Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

This regional term describes the region from the lower esophagus to the diaphragm:

Epigastric

Acidosis

Excessive acidity of body fluids, pH below 7.35

Alkalosis

Excessive alkalitity of body fluids, pH above 7.45

interstitial fluid

Fluid in the spaces between cells

What does a buffer do?

Helps maintain a constant pH

The body maintains a temperature of 98.6 degrees F, as well as a water content close to 70%. This maintenance can be termed:

Homeostasis

A patient is suspected to have decompression sickness. Which of the following signs and symptoms would most likely be seen in this patient?

Increased joint stiffness and pain

The body's largest organ system is the ____ system.

Integumentary

There are 11 distinct systems in the human body. Which of the following is concerned with homeostasis of the skin?

Integumentary

Atmospheric pressure aids homeostasis by:

Keeping blood gases dissolved

What are examples of hinge joint

Knee, elbow, and finger joints

Central

Located toward the center of the body

Inferior

Lower on the body, farther from the head

Negative feedback works by:

Maintaining body parameters within their normal range

The sagittal plane separates the body into

Medial and lateral (right and left)

Diffusion

Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Facilitated diffusion

Movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels

Two or more tissue types combine to form a(n):

Organ

What is the outermost lining of the organ called

Pariental

The mesentery of the abdominal cavity that envelops the visceral organs is the ____.

Peritoneum

The serous membrane of the Respiratory system is called the

Pleura

One of the body's immediate responses to a wound that penetrates the skin and causes blood loss is:

Reducing perfusion to all vital organs

The body reacts to significantly low ambient temperatures by:

Restricting blood flow to deep veins and arteries

Medial rotation

Rotation toward the midline

Conscious, voluntary movement is accomplished by:

Skeletal muscle

Hypertonic solution

Solute concentration is greater than that inside the cell; cell loses water

Hypotonic solution

Solute concentration is less than that inside the cell; cell gains water

The Transverse(axial) plane separates the body into

Superior and inferior (top and bottom)

Hydrolosis

The chemical breakdown of a compound due to reaction with water (catabolism)

Circumduction

The circular movement at the far end of a limb

Abduction

The movement of a body part away from the midline of the body

Flexion

The movement of a body part decreases the angle between two bones or two parts of the body

Extention

The movement of a body part increases the angle between two bones or two parts of the body

Adduction

The movement of a body part towards the midline of the body is

Physiology

The study of body function

Anatomy

The study of body structure

What are examples of a pivot and gliding joint

The wrist and the 1st and 2nd vertibre

What are examples of a saddle joint

Thumb, thorax, and heel

Which Endocrine gland releases hormones that affect metabolic activity?

Thyroid

Osmolarity

Total concentration of all solute particles in a solution

Superficial (external)

Toward or at the body surface

Posterior(dorsal)

Toward the back of the body

Anterior(ventral)

Toward the front of the body

Medial

Toward the midline of the body

The number of cells in the human body is in the:

Trillions

This regional term describes the region between the right and left lumbar regions:

Umbilical

The heart is located in which specific body cavities and membranes?

Ventral, thoracic, mediastinum, pericardial

What is the lining touching the organ called

Visceral

What are examples of a condyloid joint

Wrist

What are examples of a ball and socket joint

hip and shoulder

Lateral rotation

rotation away from the midline

Superior

toward the head(top)