A and P Test 4

Tetanus

(1) a state of sustained contraction of a muslce that is a normal aspect of skeletal muscle functioning. (2) an acute infectious disease caused by anaerobic bacterium Clostridium tetani and resulting in persistent painful spasms of some skeletal muscles. Progresses to fixed rigidity of the jaws (lockjaw) and spasms of the trunk and limb muscles Usually fatal due to respiratory failure.

Myalgia

(algia=pain) muscle pain resulting from any muscle disorder.

Myopathy

(path=disease, suffering) and disease of muscle

Spasm

A sudden, involuntary twitch in smooth or skeletal muscle ranging from merely irritating to very painful; may be due to chemical imbalances. In spasms of the eyelid or facial muscles, called tics, psychological factors may be involves. Stretching and massaging the affected area may help end the spasm, A cramp is a prolonged spasm, usually occurs at night or after exercise.

RICE

Acronym for rest, ice, compression, and elevation. The standard treatment for a pulled muscle, or excessively stretched tendons or ligaments.

Fibromyalgia

Also known as Fibromyositis, a group of conditions involving chronic inflammation of a muscle, its connective tissue coverings and tendons, and capsules of nearby joints. Symptoms are non-specific and involve varying degrees of tenderness associated with specific trigger points, as well as fatigue and frequent awakening from sleep

Strain

Commonly called a "pulled muscle" a strain is excessive stretching and possible tearing of a muscle due to muscle overuse or abuse. The injured muscles becomes painfully inflamed(myositis) and adjacent joints are usually immobilized.

Charley Horse

Painful muscle spasm that results from muscle strain or contusion i.e tearing of the muscle followed by bleeding into the tissues(hematoma) and severe prolonged pain. A common contact sports injury; football players frequently suffer a Charley horse of the quadriceps muscles of the thigh.

Hernia

Protrusion of an organ through its body cavity wall. May be congenital (owing to failure of muscle fusion during development), but most often caused by heavy lifting or obesity and subsequent muscle weakening.

Electromyography

Recording and interpretation of graphic records of the electrical activity of contracting muscles electrodes inserted into the muscles record the impulses that pass over muscle cell membranes to stimulate contraction. the best technique for determining the functions of muscles and muscle groups.

Myotonic dystrophy

a form of muscular dystrophy that is less common than DMD; in the US it affects about 14 of 100,000 people. Symptoms include a gradual reduction in muscle mass and control of the skeletal muscles, abnormal heart rhythm, and diabetes mellitus. may appear at anytime, not sex-linked. Underlying genetic defect is multiple repeats of particular gene or chromosome 19. Because the number or repeats tend to increase from generation to generation, subsequent generations develop more severe symptoms. No effective treatment.

Myofascial Pain syndrome

pain caused by a tightened band of muscle fibers, which twitch when the skin over them is touched mostly associated with overused or strained muscle postures.