A Ch 22

Which values are reasonable for a healthy, 80 kilogram resting adult?

5.25 L of blood pumped per ventricle, per minute; 108,000 beats per day

Parasympathetic innervation if the heart occurs via

CN X

During early ventricular systole the atria are in

Diastole

The heart valves

Permit passage of blood flow in one direction

The inferior chambers of the heart are the

Ventricles

The right border of the heart is supplied by the

right marginal artery

The epicardium is another name for the

visceral layer of the serous pericardium

Which describes the endocardium?

(A,b,c) has single layer of epithelium, layer of areolar connective tissue, squamous epithelial cells

Which are functions performed by the fibrous skeleton of the heart?

(A,b,c,d) separates atria and ventricles, anchors valves, provides electrical insulation, attachment of myocardium

Which are the differences between cardiac muscle tissue and skeletal muscle tissue?

(A,c,d) sarcoplasmic in cardiac is less extensive, is more organized, has 1 or 2 nuclei per cell

During a cardiac cycle, how many of the four chambers contract at any one time

2

How many half moon shaped, pocketlike, cusps are found in each semilunar valve?

3

Of the four "normal" heart sounds, the initial "lubb" sound is heard when the

AV valves close

The cardiac cycle is

All the events involved with a single heart beat

The great cardiac vein runs alongside the

Anterior interventricular artery

Which does not drain into the coronary sinus?

Anterior interventricular vein

Pectinate muscles are found on the

Anterior wall of the right and left atria

Which structure marks the end of the left ventricle and the entrance to the aorta?

Aortic semilunar valve

With valve prevents the backflow of blood into the left ventricle?

Aortic semilunar valve

It is the ________ that permits the compression necessary to pump large volumes of blood out of the ventricles

Arrangement of cardiac muscle tissue in the heart skeleton

The beginning of the cardiac cycle is when the

Atria contract

In an EKG, the P wave is generated when

Atria depolarize

The papillary muscles attach to the cusps of the atriventricular valves by means of the

Chordae tendinae

The chordae tendineae are made out of

Collagen fibers

Cardiac muscle fibers

Contract as a single unit

Which action causes the closure of the right atrioventricular valve?

Contraction of the right ventricle

The atria are separated from the ventricles externally by the

Coronary sulcus

The left and right coronary arteries travel within the

Coronary sulcus

Which bears a close structural relationship with the fossa ovalis?

Foramen ovale

Sympathetic innervation of the heart

Increases the heart rate, increases the force of contractions

The foremen ovals is actually an opening in the

Interatrial septum

The cell to cell contacts of the cardiac muscle fibers are called

Intercalated disks

Which analogy fits the human heart?

It is like a double pump, each working side by side with the other.

The base of the heart is primarily formed by the

Left atrium

The trabeculae carneae in the left ventricle are ______ in the right ventricle

More prominent than

The layer of the heart wall composed of cardiac muscle tissue is the

Myocardium

For ________ of the cardiac cycle, all four chambers are in diastole together

One half

Which correctly describes the heart's apex?

Projects slightly anterioinferiorly towards the left side of the body

Which of the cardiovascular systems circuits have deoxygenated blood in its arteries?

Pulmonary circuit

Which carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

Pulmonary veins

As blood is pumped into the arterial trunks last the semilunar valves, it

Pushes Against the cusps, forcing the valves open

In the EKG, the T wave denotes

Repolarization of the ventricles

Which pair is located more anteriorly in a heart in normal position?

Right atrium and right ventricle

Which heart chambers pump deoxygenated blood?

Right atrium and ventricle

What part of the cardiac conduction system is located in the posterior wall of the right atrium, adjacent to the entrance of the superior vena cava?

SA node

The sequence of events in the transmission of an impulse through the heart muscle is

SA node, through the atria, AV node, AV bundle, bundle branches, Purkinje fibers, through the ventricles

The left atrium and left ventricle are part of which circuit of the cardiovascular system?

Systemic circuit

Which system of the cardiovascular system is responsible for sending blood to the kidneys, stomach, and pelvic regions?

Systemic circuit

Sympathetic innervation of the heart arises from the _____ segments of the spinal cord

T1-T5

Which may predispose one to inadequate coronary flow?

Tachycardia

The function of the coronary sinus is to

Take blood from the coronary circulation to the right atrium

During ventricular diastole

The semilunar valves close and the AV valves open

During ventricular systole

The semilunar valves open and the AV valves close

The arteries and veins that leave and enter the heart are called great vessels because

They have relatively large diameters

Development of the heart commenced in the ______ week

Third

The internal wall surface of each ventricle displays large, smooth, irregular muscle ridges

Trabeculae carneae

Which prenatal structure forms the ascending sorts and pulmonary trunk?

Truncus arteriosus

Typically there are ________ papillary muscles that project from the wall of the left ventricle and attach to the chordae tendinae that support the left AV valve

Two

Which can be used to characterize blood flow in the human body?

Unidirectional, arteries away from the heart, veins to the heart

One example of cardiac arrhythmia is _______, in which a rapid, repetitious movement of the ventricular muscles replaces normal contractions

Ventricular fibrillation

The serous fluid within the pericardial cavity works to

lubricate membranes of the pericardium