AAB Chemistry 1

What is the purpose of lanthanum in the atomic absorption determination of calcium? a. It will bind calcium. b. It will bind phosphate. c. It is involved in starting up the instrument. d. It is part of the hollow cathode discharge tube.

B It will bind phosphate

protein error of indicators, EXCEPT which one? All of the following apply to the dipstick test for urine protein, based on the a. Most of the indicator is in the non-ionized form. c. The protein will combine with the non-ionized form of the indicator. b. The color change on the dipstick is due to the pH change. d. Protein combined with the indicator changes the ratio of ionized and non- ionized forms.

B The color change on the dipstick is due to the pH change

What are the reagents used for color development in the Liebermann- Burchard reaction for cholesterol? a. glycerol/hydrogen peroxide b. acetic anhydride/sulfuric acid c. glacial acetic acid/molybdate d. ferric chloride/ethanol

B acetic anhydride/sulfuric acid

What is the hormone that controls the reabsorption of sodium in the kidney? B. aldosterone a. antidiuretic hormone d. secretin c. vasopressin

B aldosterone

Most of the carbon dioxide in the blood is present in which form? a. dissolved CO2 b. bicarbonate ion c. calcium carbonate d. ammonium carbonate

B bicarbonate ion

Sweat is an appropriate type of specimen for which electrolyte? a. sodium b. chloride c. potassium d. carbon dioxide

B chloride

Turbidity in serum is associated with the presence of which one of the following? a. cholesterol b. chylomicrons c. free fatty acids d. hyperproteinemia

B chylomicrons

The Porter-Silber reaction employs phenylhydrazine to detect which analyte? a. estrogens b. corticosteroids c. 17-ketosteroids d. catecholamines

B corticosteroids

In the classic Schales-Schales (mercurimetric titration) method for chloride, what substance reacts with the indicator to form a violet color? a. AgCl2 b. excess Hg с. ferric nitrate d. mercuric thiocyanate

B excess Hg

THC is a metabolite of which drug? b. marijuana a. phencyclidine с. сосаine d. opium

B marijuana

The colorimetric method for magnesium employs which reagent? a. molybdate b. titan yellow c. alkaline picrate d. 8-hydroxy-5-quinoline

B molybdate

Oligoclonal banding during CSF electrophoresis is characteristically seen in which condition? a. traumatic tap b. multiple sclerosis c. bacterial meningitis d. subarachnoid hemorrhage

B multiple sclerosis

What is the major binding protein for thyroxine? a. thyroid-binding prealbumin b. thyroid-binding globulin c. albumin d. iodine

B thyroid-binding globulin

Diseases of which system are associated with elevated beta lipoprotein values? a. pulmonary b. cardiovascular c. gastrointestinal d. skeletomuscular

B. cardiovascular

In the complexometric titration (EDTA) method for calcium, the pH must be adjusted to prevent what occurrence? a. incomplete precipitation of calcium b. interference by magnesium C. a reversible color change d. co-binding of phosphorus

B. interference by magnesium

Human chorionic gonadotropin is secreted by which one of the following? a. fallopian tubes b. placenta c. ovary d. uterus

B. placenta

Proteins may become denatured when subiected to mechanical agitation, heat, chemical treatment. What does denaturation of proteins reger to? a. amino acid substitution b. addition of a prosthetic group c. alteration in tertiary structure d. increase in solubility

C. alteration in tertiary structure

The following metabolic panel results are available on an ICU patient 90 mg/dL Glucose 15 mg/dL BUN 1.0 mg/dL Creatinine 165 mmol/L Sodium Potassium 3.5 mmol/L 125 mmol/L Chloride Carbon dioxide 25 mmol/L - What is the most probable explanation for these results? a. diabetes mellitus b. acute renal failure Addison's disease d. saline contamination

D

What is the most probable explanation for these results? a. diabetes mellitus b. acute renal failure Addison's disease d. saline contamination

D

What is the principle of atomic absorption spectrophotometry? a. It measures light given off by excited atoms. b. It measures energy emitted by ultraviolet rays. c. It measures energy emitted by infrared atoms. d. It measures light absorption of electromagnetic radiation.

D It measures light absorption of electromagnetic radiation.

Quenching is a disadvantage in which type of instrumentation? a. atomic adsorption b. flame photometry c. nephelometry d. fluorometry

D fluorometry

What is the method of choice for confirming drugs detected by screening methods? a. immunoassay b. fluorescence polarization immunoassay c. high performance liquid chromatography d. gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry

D gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry

The enzymatic hydrolysis of triglyceride may be accomplished by what enzyme? a. hydrolase b. oxidase c. amylase d. lipase

D lipase

What is the major extracellular cation? a. magnesium b. potassium c. chloride d. sodium

D sodium

What is a refractometer used to measure? a. glucose b. ketones c. bilirubin d. specific gravity

D specific gravity

When performing spectrophotometer quality checks, what is the holmium oxide glass filter used to assess? a. linearity b. stray light c. absorbance accuracy d. wavelength accuracy

D wavelength accuracy

An LD isoenzyme electrophoretic pattern that shows an increase in LD1, LD2 and LD3 is seen in which disease state? a. renal disease b. pernicious anemia c. acute liver disease d. myocardial infarction

b. pernicious anemia

What is the hexokinase methodology for glucose determination based on? a. coupled enzymatic reaction consisting of oxidase and peroxidase b. reduced coenzyme read at 340 nm с. rate of oxygen consumption d. alkaline cupric ion reduction

b. reduced coenzyme read at 340 nm

Bilirubin is converted in the intestine to which of the following substances? a. bilirubin diglucuronide b. urobilinogen c. biliverdin d. urobilin

b. urobilinogen

A creatinine clearance test is performed. The 24-hour urine volume is 770 mL; serum creatinine is 2.0 mg/dL and urine creatinine is 240 mg/dL. What is the clearance, assuming average body surface area? а. 6 mL/minute b. 38 mL/minute c. 64 mL/minute d. 924 mL/minute

c. 64 mL/minute

A serum protein electrophoretic pattern displaying a beta gamma bridge or broad gamma is seen in which disease state? a. acute inflammation b. monoclonal gammopathy c. active cirrhosis d. nephrotic syndrome

c. active cirrhosis

Glycoproteins and mucoproteins are usually bound to which substance? a. lipids b. nucleic acids c. carbohydrates d. metals

c. carbohydrates

What is the most common clearance test used to measure the glomerular filtration rate? a. urea b. inulin c. creatinine d. p-aminohippurate

c. creatinine

A 40-year-old male has a random glucose of 470 mg/dL. This lab finding is consistent with which one of the following clinical conditions? a. glycogen storage disease b. diabetes insipidus c. diabetes mellitus d. insulinoma

c. diabetes mellitus

What is the specimen of choice for glucose determinations? а. serum b. whole c. fluorinated heparinized plasma blood d. plasma

c. fluorinated plasma

Contamination of the glucose reagent with catalase is a problem with which glucose method? a. alkaline cupric ion reduction b. alkaline ferric ion reduction c. glucose oxidase d. hexokinase

c. glucose oxidase

An increase in indirect-reacting bilirubin is suggestive of which condition? b. lipid accumulation a. bile acid reflux d. gammaglobulinopathy c. hemoglobin breakdown

c. hemoglobin breakdown

Inorganic phosphate can be determined from a colorimetric method involving which reagent? a. alkaline picrate b. titan yellow c. molybdate d. arsenzo III

c. molybdate

Creatine kinase is clinically significant in diseases of which organ? a. pancreas b. liver c. muscle d. brain

c. muscle

Lipase catalyzes the hydrolysis of which substrate? a. starch b. glycogen c. triglycerides d. glucose

c. triglycerides

A granular cast is thought to represent the decomposition of which of these casts? a. cellular b. hyaline C. waxy d. fatty

cellular

A potassium result of 6.8 mmol/L is obtained from a dialysis patient. Before reporting this result, what is the most appropriate action? a. check for hemolysis b. rerun quality control c. recalibrate potassium d. call the critical result

check for hemolysis

The total protein is 7.2 g/dL. The serum protein results are as follows: Albumin 53.0 % 3.8 g/dL Alpha 3.6% 0.3 g/dL Alphaz 11.0% 0.8 g/dL Beta 17.6% 1.2 g/dL Gamma 14.8% 1.1 g/dL What is the A/G ratio? a. 3.4 b. 1.6 с. 1.2 d. 1.1

d. 1.1

What is the renal threshold for glucose? a. 100-120 b. 120-140 mg/dL mg/dL c. 140-160 d. 160-180 mg/dL mg/dL

d. 160-180 mg/dL

Prenatal patients with borderline blood glucose levels are further evaluated by which test? a. 2-hour postprandial b. fasting blood sugar c. glycosylated hemoglobin d. 3-hour glucose tolerance test

d. 3-hour glucose tolerance test

At a pH of 7.4, most of the phosphorus in the body is in which form? a. bone b. ATP/ADP c. 2,3 DPG d. DNA/RNA

d. DNA/RNA

What does the presence of urinary ketones MOST likely indicate? а. The body is using carbohydrates as the primary energy source. b. Muscle glucose is being used as an auxiliary fuel source. c. Carbohydrates have been ingested in excessive amounts. d. Storage lipids are being used as the primary energy source.

d. Storage lipids are being used as the primary energy source.

In a zero-order reaction, there will be no further increase in velocity due to which one of the following? a. there is excess enzyme b. there is no excess substrate c. the temperature is regulated d. all enzyme is bound to substrate

d. all enzyme is bound to substrate

Direct-reacting bilirubin is also known as what substance? a. biliverdin b. free bilirubin d. bilirubin diglucuronide c. unconjugated bilirubin

d. bilirubin diglucuronide

In acute renal failure, which nonprotein nitrogen rises the fastest? a. uric acid b. creatinine c. ammonia d. blood urea nitrogen

d. blood urea nitrogen

All of the following are glycoproteins EXCEPT which one? a. ceruloplasmin b. follicle-stimulating hormone c. fibrinogen d. cryoglobulin

d. cryoglobulin

An elevated creatinine value is most likely to be accompanied by which of these values? a. normal uric acid b. elevated uric acid, 10X creatinine value c. normal blood urea nitrogen d. elevated blood urea nitrogen, 10X creatinine value

d. elevated blood urea nitrogen, 10X creatinine value

4%-10% beta-globulin, and 45% If an electrophoretic pattern shows 30 % albumin, 4 %-10 % alpha-globulin, gamma-globulin, then what condition may exist in the patient? a. cirrhosis b. inflammation c. nephrotic syndrome d. monoclonal gammopathy

d. monoclonal gammopathy

What is the clinical significance of an elevated acid phosphatase? b. pancreatic a. renal disease disease c. bone disease d. prostatic disease

d. prostatic disease

All of the following can cause low chloride levels EXCEPT which one? a. diabetic acidosis b. renal failure c. prolonged vomiting d. dehydration

dehydration

Casts are formed primarily in which portion of the kidney? a. glomerular capsule b. distal convoluted tubule c. descending loop of Henle d. proximal convoluted tubule

distal convoluted tubule

A smoky red-brown urine should be suspected of containing which of the following? a. bilirubin b. erythrocytes c. porphyrins d. urobilinogen

erythrocytes

A urine that turns brown-black upon standing may contain which substance? a. homogentisic acid b. myoglobin c. porphyrin d. erythrocytes

homogentisic acid

A labor and delivery patient with preeclampsia is being treated for premature contractions. Which one of the following is the most likely laboratory finding? a. hyponatremia b. hyperkalemia c. hypocalcemia d. hypermagnesemia

hypermagnesemia

A glitter cell is a term used to describe a specific type of which one of the following? a. leukocyte b. fat droplet c. lysed red cell d. oval fat body

leukocyte

A low parathyroid hormone level will cause which of the following? a. high urine calcium b. low serum calcium c. high serum calcium d. low serum phosphorus

low serum calcium

An increased CSF IgG index is characteristically seen in which condition? a. traumatic tap b. multiple sclerosis c. bacterial meningitis d. subarachnoid hemorrhage

multiple sclerosis

Because ionized calcium can be changed without affecting the total calcium level, what other parameter(s) must be known to properly evaluate calcium? a. vitamin D b. magnesium c. phosphorus d. pH and protein

pH and protein

What is the ratio of bicarbonate: carbonic acid in normal plasma? a. 20:1 b. 10:5 c. 5:1 d. 1:2

A 20:1

The urine dipstick test for occult blood depends on which fact? a. Hemoglobin can act as a peroxidase. b. Hemoglobin can release an enzyme from the dipstick from the dipstick. d. Hemoglobin in urine combines c. Red blood cells in urine are lysed by peroxide with oxygen on the dipstick to produce a blue color.

A Hemoglobin can act as a peroxidase

The matrix of urinary casts has been identified as which protein? a. Tamm-Horsfall mucoprotein b. Bence-Jones protein c. globulin d. albumin

A Tamm-Horsfall mucoprotein

What is the migration sequence, from the origin, of lipoproteins during electrophoresis? beta, pre-beta, alpha b. chylomicrons, a. chylomicrons, pre-beta, b. chylomicrons pre-beta, beta, alpha c. alpha, beta, d. chylomicrons, alpha, pre-beta, beta

A chylomicrons, pre-beta

What is the purpose of the saponification step in cholesterol methods? a. convert cholesterol esters to free cholesterol b. remove nonspecific interfering substances c. break the protein-lipid bonds d. precipitate the protein

A convert cholesterol esters to free cholesterol

What is the principle of flame photometry? b. absorption of energy when an atom is ionized a. emission of a color when an element is burned c. electrometric titration d. colorimetric analysis

A emission of a color when an element is burned

What is the most abundant iron-containing compound in the body? a. ferritin b. transferrin c. myoglobin d. hemoglobin

A ferritin

Most triglyceride procedures involve the measurement of which end product? a. glycerol b. fatty acids c. lipoprotein d. phospholipids

A glycerol

Overproduction of which hormone results in acromegaly? a. growth hormone b. vasopressin c. calcitonin d. prolactin

A growth hormone

All of the following systems may be used to determine the specific gravity of urine EXCEPT which one? b. refractometer a. hydroelectric focusing d. reagent test strip c. harmonic oscillation

A hydroelectric focusing

Lab results on a known diabetic patient revealed a decreased bicarbonate and decreased pH. Which acid-base disorder would most likely cause these lab values? a. metabolic acidosis b. respiratory acidosis c. metabolic alkalosis d. respiratory alkalosis

A metabolic acidosis

Increased serum copper is seen in which disease? a. Wilson's disease b. Gilbert disease c. Menkes syndrome d. von Gierke's disease

A. Wilson's disease

The Zimmerman reaction is used to detect which analyte? a. estrogens b. corticosteroids d. catecholamines c. 17-ketosteroids

C 17-ketosteroids

What is the normal range for pH of blood? a. 6.50-7.50 b. 7.05-7.35 c. 7.35-7.45 d. 7.45-7.65

C 7.35-7.45

The classic Clark-Collip method for calcium is based on which assumption? a. Calcium will be precipitated as calcium carbonate. b. Calcium will be complexed with arsenzo III. c. Calcium will be precipitated as an oxalate. d. Calcium will be chelated with EDTA.

C Calcium will be precipitated as an oxalate

What is the light source in atomic absorption instrumentation? a. diffraction grating b. glass prism c. cathode lamp d. flame

C cathode lamp

Red blood cells in the urine may be confused with all of the following EXCEPT which one? a. yeast cells b. oil droplets c. cholesterol crystals d. calcium oxalate crystals

C cholesterol crystals

What is the most common method for measuring sodium? a. coulometric titration b. mercurimetric titration c. ion-selective electrode d. flame photometry

C ion-selective electrode

To achieve the best levels of sensitivity and specificity, a gas chromatograph may be coupled with which of the following? a. fluorescence polarization immunoassay b. enzyme-linked immunoassay c. mass spectrophotometer d. chemiluminescence

C mass spectrophotometer

In which of these clinical conditions may blood cholesterol be increased? a. lupus erythematosus c. hypothyroidism b. pancreatic cancer d. malnutrition

C pancreatic cancer

Valinomycin can enhance the selectivity of which ISE electrode? a. sodium b. chloride c. potassium d. carbon dioxide

C potassium

What is the best single indicator of renal disease? a. glycosuria b. polyuria c. proteinuria d. pyuria

C proteinuria

For the spectrophotometer ultraviolet range, which of these must be employed in the ? d. tungsten c. quartz cuvette b. glass prism a. diffraction grating lamp

C quartz cuvette

In the coulometric-amperometric method for chloride, how is the amount of chloride measured? a. AgCl production b. rate of generation of current c. time needed to reach the titration end point d. amount of current needed to generate excess silver

C time needed to reach the titration end point

(145+4.0)-(100+22)=27

D. 27

How many immunoglobulin classes are currently recognized? a. two b. three c. four d. five

D. Five

How are amino acids joined together to form a chainlike structure? a. disulfide bonding b. hydrogen bonding c. covalent bonding d.peptide bonding

D. Peptide bonds

Catecholamines are secreted by which one of the following? a. kidney b. pituitary c. adrenal cortex d. adrenal medulla

D. adrenal medulla

Vaginal contamination may be responsible for the appearance of which element in the urine from a female patient? a. hyaline casts b. oval fat bodies c. amorphous crystals d. squamous epithelial cells

D. squamous epithelial cells

Both porphobilinogen and urobilinogen form a red-colored compound with Ehrlich's reagent. How can they be differentiated? A. porphobilinogen is soluble in chloroform b. urobilinogen is soluble in acetic acid c. porphobilinogen is soluble in acetic acid d. urobilinogen is soluble in chloroform

D. urobilinogen is soluble in chloroform

All of the following tests are good indicators of hypothyroidism EXCEPT which one? a. FT4 b. TT4 c. s-TSH d. T3 uptake

T3 uptake

Aspartate transaminase is elevated in all of the following conditions EXCEPT which one? a. myocardial infarction b. muscular dystrophy с. acute pancreatitis d. liver disease

b. muscular dystrophy

In which disease state are the highest levels of aldolase seen? a. acute viral hepatitis b. muscular dystrophy c. insecticide poisoning d. acute myocardial infarction

b. muscular dystrophy

What is the normal fasting blood glucose reference range for adults? a. 70-110 mg/dL b. 120-140 mg/dL c. 160-180 mg/dL d. 200-240 mg/dL

a. 70-110 mg/dL

The creatinine clearance test is based on which assumption? b. Creatinine is retained in the blood. a. Creatinine passes into the ultrafiltrate. c. Creatinine is converted to creatine. d. Creatinine is passively reabsorbed by the kidney tubule.

a. Creatinine passes into the ultrafiltrate.

Decreased alpha-fetoprotein values are associated with which condition? a. Down syndrome b. neural tube defects c. spina bifida d. cancer

a. Down syndrome

Creatine kinase is frequently elevated in acute myocardial infarction and which other disorder? a. Duchenne's muscular dystrophy b. acute viral hepatitis c. cirrhosis of the liver d. Paget's disease

a. Duchenne's muscular dystrophy

What is the reporting unit of measure for enzymes? a. IU/L b. ug/mL c. mg/dL d. mmol/L

a. IU/L

What is the classical method for creatinine reaction? a. Jaffe b. Ehrlich c. Kjeldahl d. Nessler

a. Jaffe

Prehepatic bilirubin has which of the following for a protein carrier? a. albumin b. beta-globulin c. alpha-globulin d. gamma-globulin

a. albumin

What is the most anodic protein on electrophoresis at pH 8.6? a. albumin b. alpha-globulins c. beta-globulins d. gamma-globulins

a. albumin

By the urease method, urea is enzymatically converted to which end product? a. ammonia b. nitrogen c. allantoin carbon d. dioxide

a. ammonia

A high alkaline phosphatase level in the presence of other negative liver function tests is indicative of which disorder? a. bone disorder b. viral hepatitis C. prostate cancer d. ectopic pregnancy

a. bone disorder

What is the most frequently employed automated method for glucose? enzyme system consisting of glucose oxidase and peroxidase a. coupled b. reduction c. addition of d. reduction of alkaline of alkaline cupric ion molybdenum blue ferricyanide to ferrocyanide

a. coupled enzyme system consisting of glucose oxidase and peroxidase

The "port wine" color of some urines can be attributed to which of the following? a. porphyrins b. melanin c. hemoglobin d. bilirubin

a. porphyrins

The Michaelis-Menten constant in the rate of conversion of substrate to product is determined by what factor? a. substrate concentration and the rate of dissociation of the complex b. rate of dissociation of the enzyme-substrate complex c. temperature, pH, and substrate concentration d. temperature and pH

a. substrate concentration and the rate of dissociation of the complex

What does the uricase method for uric acid depend on? b. collection of evolved gas after uricase treatment a. ultraviolet absorption at 290 nm before/after treatment with uricase d. measurement of blue-violet color c. increase in absorption after uricase treatment

a. ultraviolet absorption at 290 nm before/after treatment with uricase

All of the following specimens can be analyzed for carbon dioxide EXCEPT which one? a. urine b. serum c. plasma d. whole blood

a. urine

All of the following regulate calcium levels EXCEPT which one? a. vitamin D b. calcitonin c. aldosterone d. parathyroid hormone

aldosterone

What is the optimum pH for acid phosphatase? a. 3.0 b. 5.0 c. 7.0 d. 10.0

b. 5.0

p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde is a constituent of which reagent? a. Nessler b. Ehrlich c. Biuret d. Jaffe

b. Ehrlich

monoxime method? Why can untreated urine be used for the determination of urea by the diacety a. Dialysis in an auto b. The method is not c. The increased temperature analyzer removes interfering substances. measuring ammonia. d. Zinc does not interfere. destroys the ammonia.

b. The method is not measuring ammonia

The measurement of creatinine is based on the formation of a yellow-red color and which reagent? a. titan yellow b. alkaline picrate c. Ehrlich's reagent d. phosphomolybdate

b. alkaline picrate