AAMC FL 2 CARS

Which one of the following groups would constitute part of a fictional audience, as the term is used by the passage author? A. People gathered in a concert hall to listen to a violinist B. Passersby who listen to someone on a park bench who is strumming a banjo C. People who belong to the target group of 18- to 49-year-old viewers of a sitcom D. People who vote by telephone for a contestant in a television talent show

fictional audience - person that is made up to be involved in a narrative C!

Why does the passage author assert that sixteenth- or seventeenth-century readers would have "laughed" at a Hemingway short story? I. Because they would have found the writing style quaint II. Because the plots of short stories have changed radically since then III. Because basic, essential details were missing A. II only B. III only C. I and II only D. I and III only

laughed because they are unable to adapt to its demands upon them I: no support of quaint. II: mentions nothing about historical changes in plots III: hemmingway omit certain details in his writing -> implies that it would have surprised the 16th century reader. B. is correct This question is BS too

Which of the following relationships is most like the suggested relationship of the birds on Skellig Michael to the monks there? A. Butterflies to entomologists in Newfoundland B. Helicopters to mountain climbers in Nepal C. Penguins to explorers in Antarctica D. Cattle to wheat farmers in Montana

"the place is fit only for birds" but the monks inhabit this place too. C

Based on the passage, of the following, which would be the best example of "mass movements initiated by one or a few magnets that would unexpectedly sweep across the entire world"? A. One country's revolution leads to unrest and revolution in other countries around the world. B. A disease in one country spreads to other countries, causing a pandemic. C. Technological advances in one country are marketed to other developed countries. D. A strengthening of democratic principles in one country is commended by the leadership of many countries around the world.

A "alliances shifting constantly and in a way that would be neither quite orderly or quite random" then another mass movement would happen...

Which of the following is most like the ability to appreciate art as it is described in the passage? A. The ability to enjoy dance improves the more one dances. B. The ability to enjoy music tends to be inherited from one's parents. C. The ability to run well is hampered by thinking about running well. D. The ability to do any one thing well decreases when one tries to do several things.

A! the more it ties to yourself, the more you enjoy it

Based on the passage, which of the following best describes how research objectives changed beginning in the 1920s and 1930s? A. A shift toward providing an empirical basis for economic policies B. A shift toward documenting trends in industrial production C. A shift toward examining consumer behavior D. A shift toward defining an appropriate standard of living

"accompanied by a shift in empirical research objectives for expenditure survey" then the next paragraph it makes more of an emphasis to "understand consumer behavior" C is correcttt

Which of the following assertions, if true, would most support the author's statement that "Egyptian culture dwindled under the Classical world's onslaught" (paragraph 4)? A. Greek scholars used discoveries by Egyptian astronomers to further their own studies. B. Egyptian scribes invented a flowing script for use in keeping economic records. C. Invaders from Alexander the Great to the Romans tried to integrate Egypt into their empires. D. Renaissance scholars incorrectly identified Greek script as ideographic.

"onslaught" means attack. and "dwindled" look for the answer that is negative/dec in effect C. Invadorsss

Suppose that the ruins of a sixteenth-century monastery are discovered on a remote island off the Swedish coast. Why, according to passage information, is this discovery surprising? A. Few European pilgrims would have been able to reach the site. B. An eremitical motive would have been unlikely at that period. C. The influence of Olav Trygvasson did not spread to Sweden. D. Monks would have been unlikely to learn of such an island.

***NEED TO TAKE ACCOUNT OF THE TIME*** question stem asks for 16th century. now you need to look at other time periods and compare last paragraph" "the eremitical fire lasted until 14th century, then rock reverted to the fish hawk" A!! it was not present anymore.

With which of the following statements would the author most likely agree? A. That which delights is always that which is right. B. The more things we can appreciate, the richer our being. C. To be human is to be an artist. D. A tree is just a tree.

B! this is an easy passageee

Given Plato's claim that the spoken word is superior to the written word in the pursuit of truth, which of the following activities would he have been most likely to encourage today's truth seekers to adopt? A. Listening to candidates for political office debate each other on the radio B. Participating in a group that discusses Phaedrus and other written works at a local university C. Posing comments on Internet sites and using online chat rooms to discuss the issues of the day D. Getting involved in an ethics discussion group hosted by a public library

Plato... "spoken word was superior" D! plus you're actively engaging therefore this one makes the most sense. A, although you're listening to spoken words, you're not engaging so there is no new discussion. D

In Experiment 1, which of the following hypotheses would most reasonably account for the post-experimental statements made by those in the neutral condition? A. A performer's anxiety need not adversely affect performance. B. A performer's anxiety can be reduced with no effect on performance. C. An audience can affect a performance by reducing performance anxiety. D. An audience can affect a performance by causing performance anxiety.

A We see that in P2, it says that the negative effect of a supportive audience is apparently not due to discomfort about being judged. therefore there was no performance anxiety in presence of audience. Neutral condition states that they were distracted by the observer and felt stress (more than supportive)

Suppose that given a choice of various paintings, sailors choose seascapes. How would this relate to the opinions expressed in the passage? A. It would support the author's claim about the tendency that is the basis of all art appreciation. B. It would challenge the author's claim about how to best develop our capacity to appreciate art. C. It would support the author's implication about the beauty inherent in all things in nature. D. It would challenge the author's implication about the kind of art that is likely to be popular.

A bc it relates back to the viewer (personal connection)

What conclusion about the nature of audience support is justified by the results of Experiment 2 alone? A. Supportive friends can disrupt a performance if they would benefit from its success. B. Supportive strangers can enhance a performance if they would not benefit from its success. C. Strangers can disrupt a performance if they would benefit from its success. D. Strangers can disrupt a performance if its success would benefit the performer.

A wrong, there is no friends B wrong C is correct because "all observers in experiment 2 were strangers. and participants in the supportive audience were told that they and the observer would receive a cash prize if participant performed well. results showed that skilled performance would suffer with a supportive audience' observers got money. results = skilled performance would suffer with a supportive audience

The "game" that the passage author describes in the first sentence is a: A. necessary strategy for a writer composing in solitude. B. competitive contest of skill between writers and readers. C. deception perpetrated by writers on unsuspecting audiences. D. historical practice that dates from the time when literature was an oral art form.

A! previous sentence states that they have to be "trained" before they can play this game.

According to the passage author, the typical explanations for the drop in creativity of aging rock songwriters are characterized by: A. a failure to generalize. B. a failure to investigate individual life histories. C. an overemphasis on the stereotyped lifestyle of rock artists. D. the intrinsic limitations of rock music as a genre.

A! conceptual artists are more specific trad artist are more general

According to passage information, which of the following reasons was probably determinative in the selection of Skellig Michael as the site for a monastery? A. Its proximity to the shrine at Needle's Eye B. Its isolation from worldly distractions C. The protection it promised from raiders D. The opportunities it provided for suffering

B it is in small and dangerous place to get to. therefore it is most likely isolated

What finding from other research would be most apt to raise questions about the conclusion reported in the passage? A. Actors report feeling more confident before an enthusiastic audience than before a passive one. B. Musicians usually perform more skillfully when a friend is present than when they are alone. C. People do not normally invite nonsupportive persons to witness their public performances. D. The presence of family members seldom affects the performance of household tasks

B - wrong because we see that in experiment 1, their performance decreased in present of a supportive friend.

The passage would be most appropriate in a collection of articles for: A. historians of sixteenth- or seventeenth-century literature. B. students of contemporary communication theory. C. scholars of the history of the English language. D. fans of the fiction of Ernest Hemingway.

B! POE: A - historians would like to have bunch of details and hx of old books B - "rules" "games" "mock readers" C - D - **** LOOK AT THE CITATION AT THE END OF THE PASSAGE **** LOOKS LIKE SOMETHING IN A TEXTBOOK RIGHTTTTTT

Which of the following situations would be the best example of the "[u]nprecedented objects, processes, and possibilities" alluded to in the passage? A. The transformation of wild geese into tame domestic stock B. The flurry of technological innovations in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries C. The brutal civil wars that have historically wracked certain countries D. The wide variety of shows offered on cable television

B! the previous sentence states the "increasing scientific understanding and the TECH"

Which pair of contradictory statements is implicit in the passage? A. Poetry and visual art are similar; poetry and visual art are different. B. Only artists can truly appreciate art; art appreciation is what makes us human. C. There is but a single standard by which to judge art; there are many ways to appreciate art. D. We can appreciate only that which we recognize; appreciating art is all about being open to the new.

D! because it applies to yourself. "what we recognize"

According to the passage, which of the following situations during the Renaissance supported the view that Egyptian script was ideographic? I. Kircher's claim that the Psamtjik inscription listed his titles II. Kircher's reputation as a scholar and scientist III. Missionaries' reports on Chinese and Mayan scripts A. I and II only B. I and III only C. II and III only D. I, II, and III

I. wrong, because he misread the inscription II: yes, it gave him credibility III: yes, P6

What evidence does the author use to support the contention that Renaissance scholars misunderstood Egyptian writing? A. Egyptian writing was ideographic. B. Kircher incorrectly translated an inscription about Psamtjik. C. Missionaries and explorers discovered Chinese and Mayan scripts that were ideographic. D. Kircher was the first scholar to correctly understand Egyptian writing.

P5 starts off the paragraph saying the Kircher "popularized this view" where in the previous paragraph it mentioned that there was mispreceptions. is concludes that Kircher made a mistake when translating. this question is BS

The number of monks who resided on Skellig Michael was probably due to: A. insufficient food and water in the monastery. B. extreme difficulty in reaching the monastery. C. limited available living space on the site. D. buildings that were precariously situated.

POE: not A or D. B: yes thats why nobody else is there, but there is no limit, sure the rate of people getting there is slower, but there is NO LIMIT C: yes thats why theres not that many people there too. puts more of a limit C is correct

Based on the passage, the author's ideal world would best be described as one in which: A. there is a blend of randomness and predictability. B. the truly unpredictable could be easily understood. C. the semblance of order is largely a pleasant illusion. D. the fabric of life reveals unprecedented complexity.

POE: not C or D too much random is bad, because that would be too predictable. P4. A!!

The author's reasoning implies that it would be folly to do which of the following with a budding conceptual artist? A. Connect her with an agent who can take care of the business end of her career B. Subject him to a thorough academic education in his art C. Discourage those who advise her to "pace herself" D. Discourage him from keeping a diary

conceptual artist: dec in age, they are not simple. what would be dumb to do? POE: A: will dec in age (need to do this) B: ? C: creativity will dec in age, therefore they need to pace D: no, they need to continue to express themselves B is correct

Suppose that mainstream musicians who write songs for musical comedies get better at their art as they age. How does this affect the opinions expressed in the passage? A. It extends James Miller's observations. B. It challenges the passage author's claims about conceptual artists. C. It supports the passage author's claims about traditional artists. D. It does not affect the opinions expressed in the passage.

they are traditional artists -> improve with age C

Which of the following, if true, would most challenge the passage author's views as presented in the passage? A. Most of the songs featured in the Great American Songbook are about democracy. B. Most of the songs featured in the Great American Songbook were popularized not by the songwriters, but by other singers. C. Most of the songwriters featured in the Great American Songbook had more than one song in the book. D. Most of the songwriters featured in the Great American Songbook were under the age of thirty when they wrote the songs included in the book.

this is a traditional song = simple and clear A: makes it clear (wrong) B: C: D: yesss it was popular traditional song, therefore we expect it to be written at an older age. D

The purpose of Experiment 2 was to: A. be certain that the supportive observer was truly supportive. B. isolate the reason for adopting a cautious performance style. C. test the effect of an incentive to improve one's performance. D. determine the relevance of friendship to the audience effect.

wants to know if friends influenced one's ability or was it due to strangers. D is correct

Which of the following methods for redressing economic inequities is NOT mentioned in the passage? A. Monopoly breaking and antitrust regulation B. Union building and strengthening C. Manufacturing and sales oversight D. Redistributive economic policy promotion

A

The information that the Skellig was once particularly favored as a place of pilgrimage is most plausibly connected to which of the following passage assertions? A. There is a stubborn sufficiency about the place that is irresistibly attractive. B. The monastery was similar to hermitages that originated in the deserts of Egypt. C. The first Christian king of Norway was supposedly baptized by a Skellig monk. D. The eremetical movement was like a frenzy.

A! we know that vikings saw this place as a "challenge" to get to, that's why its attractive

Why does the author most likely mention "the role of chance" (paragraph 4)? A. As part of an explanation of why clinical impressions may be flawed B. As a response to concerns about the small sample size clinicians may use C. As a feature that makes clinical experience superior to evidence-based medicine D. As part of an argument against the use of intuition in medical practice

A!!

Why does the author most likely mention Norway? A. To provide an exemplar of clinical practice B. To provide an exemplar of evidence-based medicine C. To provide an example of accounting for economics D. To provide an example of one drug being less effective than it seems

At the end of the passage. talks about Norway. And the support of evidence based medicine recall that evidence based medicine is for economics (stated by the first paragraph), therefore C is the most likely choice.

Suppose that a psychologist is interested in the performance of trial lawyers. On the basis of Experiment 1, the psychologist should predict that a legal argument will be more effectively presented if: A. the lawyer is serving without compensation than if the case involves a large financial settlement. B. the judge is unknown to the lawyer than if the two have a cordial relationship. C. the courtroom is empty than if it is filled with spectators whose sympathies are unknown. D. jurors watch the trial through a one-way mirror than if they are present in the courtroom.

B

Based on the third paragraph of the passage, with which of the following statements would the author be most likely to agree? A. Change is good, but only when it is accompanied by knowledge. B. Change and variety are required for history to exist. C. Those who do not learn from history are condemned to repeat it. D. Randomness in the cultural fabric gives life deeper meaning.

B "indeed there would be no hx at all, since a record of unbroken sameness is not hx, but lack of it. same thing all the time = no hx change = yes hx

Of the following statements, which one best describes the central focus of the passage? A. Materialistic desire is both the engine of and the universal virtue for capitalism. B. In the 1920s and 1930s, new forms of economic research were used to understand the role of consumers in the economy. C. Materialistic desire is the basis for addressing perceived economic inequalities. D. Expenditure surveys helped justify arguments in favor of minimum standards of living.

BBBB, it started to mention be beginning of 1920s, in the first paragraph. then why they wanted to shift (P2), and what happened at the end of the shift (P3) and why they shifted (P4) b

Suppose that various expenditure surveys find that when wages increase, people generally save their money rather than spend it on new products. How would this finding affect the arguments of 1920s-era labor activists? A. Their arguments would be supported because savings increase the long-term well-being of the working class. B. Their arguments would not be affected because they do not address the issue of savings. C. Their arguments would be weakened because an increase in wages may not lead to increased consumption. D. Their arguments would be weakened because an increase in wages may not lead to an increase in productivity.

C

Why was the identity of the audience unproblematic for the oral storyteller who rode from town to town reciting tales? A. The composition of the audience kept changing. B. The plot of the tale was already familiar to the listeners. C. The members of the audience were literally on the scene. D. The novelty of the performance superseded any need for information.

C

Which of the following statements is most strongly suggested by Butterfield's quotation in the passage? A. Cultural transformation is what makes history so interesting. B. Major global upheavals are what make history thrilling. C. Unexpected and significant events are what make history absorbing. D. Talented people change the direction of history.

C! passage basically praises change

Suppose that rigorous scientific research demonstrated that physicians who use a clinically-based model provide better care and have better patient outcomes than those who use an evidence-based model. How would this finding affect passage claims? A. It would undermine the views of those clinicians who see clinically-based experience as sacrosanct. B. It would support the suggestion that the approach taken in Norway is very unlikely to be effective. C. It would challenge the views of the economists and health experts, as represented in the passage. D. It would support the idea that music is an apt metaphor for medical practice.

C, look at paragraph 6, talks about the cons of evidence based.

Of the following passage claims, which one is most supported by evidence or explanation in the passage? A. Before World War I, consumption-based calls for higher wages relied heavily on ethical claims. B. The institutionalists charged that the neoclassical economists lacked an empirically grounded theory of consumer demand. C. Before World War I, labor activists were concerned with arguing for an appropriate standard of living. D. The transition in the political economy during the 1920s and 1930s was accompanied by a shift in research objectives for expenditure surveys.

D

One can most reasonably infer from the passage discussion in the second paragraph that before 1920, there were NO: A. economic studies that provided empirical data about expenditures. B. methods available for accurately comparing the standards of living of different social groups. C. studies designed to assess the economic effect of changes in industrial production. D. nationwide studies of the expenditures of all social groups in an industrial economy.

D

The passage would suggest which of the following explanations for musicians who receive no applause for their performance? A. They are not very skilled performers. B. They perform music that has no beauty. C. There is no truth in the music they perform. D. There is no one who understands the music they perform.

D

Which one of the following describes a modification in the role of an intended reader that might best serve the purposes of a mass media advertiser? A. The intended reader is addressed in very personal terms, as indicated by specific terms of endearment that are assumed to be pleasing to him or her. B. The intended reader is addressed as though he or she were an "insider" already in possession of enough information to construe an otherwise cryptic message. C. The intended reader is addressed as though he or she were a scholar seeking a detailed, objective account of product features. D. The intended reader is addressed as if he or she were experiencing a problem that purchasing the product would solve.

D

When discussing a magnetic world, the author apparently wants readers to imagine that they are: A. able to control the critical temperature. B. possessors of magnets. C. neutral observers. D. magnets.

D! says it throughout the passage

Which of the following is most illustrative of "the illusory correlation bias" (paragraph 3), as it is described in the passage? A. A flutist sometimes performs a difficult trill correctly, and sometimes does not, and is unable to determine the cause of her inconsistency. B. An athlete looks like she has mastered the pole vaulting technique, but since she never actually clears the bar, her coach calls her mastery an illusion. C. A teacher measures his students' performance, praises them in hopes their performance will improve, and then measures their performance again, to assess the effect of the praise. D. A dog trainer attributes a dog's correct response to "Lie down" to the dog's training, but the trainer gives the command only at the end of a tiring walk.

D. illusory result: don't know if treatment is responsible for a cure or if its due to natural causes D: trainer gives a treatment, and dog listen. but it was at the end of his walk, therefore unsure if its just bc dog was tired.

Suppose that Experiment 1 is repeated with the addition of a "hostile-audience" condition and that this condition produces data equivalent to those of the "supportive-audience" condition. Which of the following hypotheses would best accommodate this outcome? A. A hostile audience does not affect performance. B. A supportive audience impairs performance. C. An involved audience impairs performance. D. A nonhostile audience enhances performance.

I thought it was B. B is technically true, but it does not include the new information from the question stem. We need to include something about the hostile audience. We see that supportive audience does impair the performance. we can assume that hostile would also impair too.

What is the most likely explanation of the slower rate of performance observed in Experiment 1? A. A desire to maintain an appearance of relaxed competence before friends B. A feeling of being judged more harshly by friends than by strangers C. An inability to concentrate on mental tasks when friends are present D. A belief that accuracy is more important than speed on certain tasks

POE: B wrong D wrong A correct "participants had slower rate of responding" therefore they are more relaxed C wrong

Which of the following best describes the kind of artist the Golden Era songwriters were? A. Inexperienced artists B. Artists-for-hire C. Would-be artists D. Former artists

they wrote songs to be sung by professional actors. B

Does the author explain the statement "the future is perpetually giving birth to true novelty?" A. Yes, by comparing it with biological evolution B. Yes, by referring to mass extinctions C. Yes, by using the example of a magnetic world with a temperature below the critical point D. No, because the idea is presented without further explanation

Yes, its literally the next sentence A

The author implies which of the following about clinical practice? A. Some physicians tend to give clinical experience undue preeminence over research experience. B. Even at its best, clinical experience is anarchic. C. The role of clinical experience in the practice of medicine is overly complex. D. Physicians embrace clinical experience primarily because it gives priority to their own intuitions.

Yes. because passage talks about how docs like clinics over evidence.

A visitor to Skellig Michael who kissed its stone cross probably did so for which of the following reasons? A. To fulfill a qualification for sainthood B. To atone for wrongs committed C. To be spared by Viking marauders D. To be accepted into the monastery

at the end of the passage. it is now a place of pilgrimage (church and stuff) therefore whenever they "kiss the stone" they are doing something religious so B

The artificial language Esperanto was constructed from European languages and uses Western European alphabets. Based on the passage, this language would be most likely classified as: A. ideographic. B. phonetic. C. morphemic. D. a combination of ideographic and phonetic.

passage states nonalphabetic scripts uses signs. (does not use phon or morph) --> uses A passage also states "to letters representing sounds (alphabet)" sounds -> alphabet -> phonetic -> B