AAMC Practice Exam 1
The author claims that actors were locked into an unequal relationship with the businessmen who controlled the U.S. theater in the early twentieth century. Which of the following statements by the author provides the strongest support for this claim?
Combination companies allowed theater managers to "book several weeks of a touring company's business in a single transaction".
What assumption is being made if scientists conclude that aspartic acid was formed by the prebiological synthesis in the passage?
Compound A and cyanide were available on primitive Earth.
According to Maintenance Factor 1, mild changes in bodily sensations act as:
Conditioned Stimuli
A researcher wants to gain insight into how a social movement organization presents its beliefs to the general public in an effort to attract new members. Which methodological approach would be most appropriate for this study?
Conducting a content analysis of the organization's website.
During the production of insulin, the translated polypeptide is cleaved into the mature form and secreted from the cell. The cleavage most likely takes place in which of the following locations?
Endomembrane System
Based on Figure 1 and the passage, which of the following cells are most important in the exchange of O2 between the blood and the surrounding tissues?
Endothelial Cells
The authors imply that the Portuguese ambassador applauded the French National Assembly because of genuine sympathy for their ideals. Alternatively, the ambassador's action could be explained as indicating that:
Living in France, he was in fear of the new revolutionary French government.
Which of the following entities are LEAST likely to be seen at a voodoo session?
Loas
Suppose squares 1, 2, 3, and 4, moving from left to right at the top of the grid light up and some participants think "top row lights up first," to remember the sequence. Which process is most likely being used to enhance working memory capacity?
Chunking
Which of the following findings would most weaken the author's explanation of the observed effects of class-size reductions?
Class-size reductions in the early grades are effective regardless of whether the teachers use methods well suited to small classes.
Which two processes best summarize maintenance factors 1 and 2, respectively?
Classical conditioning and cognitive processes
When a 0.1 M H2SO4 solution is added to pulverized blackboard chalk, the following reaction takes place: CaCO3(s) + H2SO4 (aq). --> CaSO4(s) + CO2 (g) +H2O(l) At 25 degrees C, the reaction is spontaneous and has:
Negative delta G, and positive delta S.
A researcher suggests that the effect of the testing condition on the affiliation ratings is caused by increased sympathetic nervous system activity due to performing a repetitive behavior. Is this explanation likely to be supported?
No, because both of the conditions involve repetitive behaviors, but participants' ratings differ under the two conditions
A student hypothesized that EC growth might be affected by the DNA from circulating erythrocytes. Is this student's hypothesis reasonable?
No; the circulating erythrocytes do not contain DNA
After initially learning to ride a bike, riding a bike becomes easy for an individual. Each time the individual rides a bike thereafter, what type of memory is being used?
Procedural
Maintenance Factor 1 is most closely related to which approach in psychological disorders?
Psychodynamic
Based on the passage, which conclusion is best supported?
Race and gender discrimination manifest in similar ways.
According to the passage, a fan of William Faulkner who buys a pipe that allegedly belonged to Faulkner should:
Realize that the purchase has nothing to do with appreciating Faulkner's work.
Consider that some groups are defined as "cults"; members of these extremist sects generally live communally and obey an authoritarian, charismatic leader. Assume that all cults have fewer than 100 members. This information would tend to weaken the passage's assertions about the:
Reasonableness of small groups to large groups.
An immigrant teen starts to reject the ethnic customs of his family and instead identifies himself as an American by dressing, speaking, and acting in ways that are associated with American culture. In this scenario, Americans become which type of group for the teenager?
Reference group
It may be inferred from the passage that Portugal might have avoided the unfavorable attention of Napoleon if it had:
Refused to have commerce with Britain.
Acetic acid and ethanol react to form an ester product as shown below. In determining which reactant loses the -OH group, which of the following isotopic substitutions would be most useful?
Replace the hydroxyl oxygen of ethanol with O-18.
A student can most effectively increase the current passing through the circuit in Figure 2 by doing which of the following?
Replacing the lightbulb with one that has a resistance of 0.2 ohms.
What is the function of the Na+K+ ATPase during a neuronal action potential?
Restoration of the resting potential
Based on the study, which extrinsic factor most likely accounts for the motivational differences between groups?
Rewards and losses tied to memory performance for the gaming group.
In addition to glucose, what other monosaccharide is part of the UDP-glucose structure?
Ribose
Because cultural liaisons work closely with physicians and are advocates for patients, which phenomenon are cultural liaisons most likely to experience?
Role strain because of their collegiality with physicians and their responsibility to patients.
Which of the following diagrams does NOT illustrate a function of an automobile catalytic converter?
SO3 --> SO2 + H2O
Which type of memory would most likely be activated first during the computer task, before working memory is activated?
Sensory memory
Which amino acid was incorporated into Compound 1 as a future site of covalent attachment to HA prior to mineralization?
Ser. This is a Biochemistry question that falls under the content category "Structure, function, and reactivity of biologically-relevant molecules." The answer to this question is A because serine is the residue that was phosphorylated, and phosphorylation enabled the protein to be subsequently attached to hydroxyapatite (HA). It is a Scientific Reasoning and Problem Solving question because you are asked to reason using scientific principles and models.
The equilibrium BaCrO4 (s) --> Ba2+(aq) + CrO4 2-(aq) exists in a saturated aqueous solution of BaCrO4. Dissolution of Na2CrO4 in a saturated aqueous BaCrO4 solution would:
Shift this equilibrium left.
Compound 1 was designed to exhibit pH-dependent self-assembly. What feature(s) of the molecule is(are) responsible for the pH dependence of aggregation (Equation 1)?
Side chains whose net charge responds to pH.
Based on the information in the passage, a mature AT1 mRNA is most likely to contain a sequence coding for which genetic factor(s)?
Signal sequence
Often utilized when studying communicable diseases, which type of analysis maps the series of relationships among a set of individuals?
Social Network Analysis
Sociologists describe the health benefits of social support as resulting from all of the following EXCEPT:
Social activities that help individuals to avoid loneliness and boredom
What is the total number of fused rings present in a steroid?
4
What is the energy of photons emitted by the LED at a frequency of 610 THz? (Note: h = 6.6 x 10^-34 Js)
4 x 10^-19 J
A circuit similar to that in Figure 2 is set up. It has a potential of 2.0 V. Assume that the resistance in the circuit is negligible compared to that of the lightbulb. Approximately how much current passes through the lightbulb?
4.0 A.
Suppose the author were asked to advise a newly independent nation about the form of government it should establish. Based on the passage, the author would probably recommend:
A representative democracy, in which decisions are made by a limited number of elected representatives.
Which of the following assertions in the passage does the author support with a practical example?
"It is impossible for the collectivity to undertake the direct settlement of all the controversies that may arise."
Which statement does NOT identify an aspect of the concept of assimilation?
Assimilation is the influence that cultural changes have on an individual's health.
Which of the following statements from the passage most strongly indicates that the passage was written prior to the twenty-first century?
"The regular holding of deliberative assemblies of a thousand members encounters the gravest difficulties in respect of room and distance. . . ."
What is the product of the reaction of Compound 1 (shown below) with HBr by the pathway shown in Figure 3?
(S)-1-bromo-1-deoteriopentane
Compared to the wild-type LipA, what is the change in net charge in variant XI at pH 7?
-4
A man with a CRC mutation that results in the synthesis of HSP110E9 and a woman that does not carry this mutation in any of her tissues have a child. What is the percent that the child will inherit the CRC mutation?
0%.
According to the developed chromatography plate shown below, what is the approximate Rf value of aspartic acid?
0.20
If a man with a mutant copy of Ace2 has a child with a woman that is heterozygous for the mutant Ace2 allele, what is the probability that the child will be a female and homozygous for the mutant Ace2 allele?
0.25
Knowing that the speed of light in the vitreous humor is 2.1 x 10^8 m/s, what is the index of refraction of the vitreous humor? (Note: The speed of light in a vacuum is 3.0 x 10^8 m/s)
1.4
In the above figure, an object O is at a distance of three focal lengths from the center of a convex lens. What is the ratio of the height of the image to the height of the object?
1/2
By what factor is the proton concentration increased in the experiments shown in Figure 1B from those shown in FIgure 1A?
1000
What is the work generated by a healthy adult who circulates 9 L of blood through the brachial artery in 10 min?
120 kJ. he answer to this question is D because a flow of 9 liters in 10 minutes means a flow rate of 900 mL/min, and according to the graph, it corresponds to a power of 200 W. The work is then 200 W ´ 600 s = 120 kJ. It is a Data-based and Statistical Reasoning question because you are asked to use, analyze, and interpret data in a graph.
If a solution containing the compounds shown in Figure 4, is injected into a gas-liquid chromatograph, the first peak observed in the gc trace is attributable to which compound?
2-methyl-2-butene. This is an Organic Chemistry question that falls under the content category "Separation and purification methods." The answer to this question is B because 2-methyl-2-butene will exhibit the lowest molecular weight and also the weakest intermolecular forces of attraction. This substance will therefore migrate the fastest and be the first peak in the gas chromatograph (gc) trace. It is a Scientific Reasoning and Problem Solving question because you are asked to bring together theory and observations to draw a conclusion.
The half-life of urea is the time it takes for its concentration to fall by one-half. The graph illustrates the clearance of urea from an initial plasma concentration of 200 ng/mL. If it takes five half-lives for urea to be considered eliminated from the body, how long did it take to eliminate the urea?
2.5 hours
Assume that a circuit similar to that in Figure 2 is set up in which X = Al, Xn+ = Al 3+, Y = Cu, and Ym+ = Cu 2+. Which of the following reactions will occur?
2Al(s) + 3Cu2+(aq) --> 2Al3+(aq) + 3Cu(s)
Which of the following is the overall reaction for the decomposition of H2O2 that is shown in reactions 3 and 4?
2H2O2(aq) --> 2H2O(l) + O2(g)
What fraction of a 15O sample decays in 10 min?
31/32
A certain bacterium was cultured for several generations in medium containing 15N, transferred to medium containing 14N, and allowed to complete two rounds of cell division. Given that the bacterium's genome mass is 5.4 fg when grown in 14N media and 5.5 fg when grown in 15N medium, individual bacteria with which of the following genome masses would most likely be isolated from this culture?
5.4 fg and 5.45 fg
Assume that K and M are two unlinked genes that affect hearing. The dominant K allele is necessary for hearing, and the dominant M allele causes deafness regardless of the other genes present. Given this, what fraction of the offspring of parents with the genotypes KkMm and Kkmm will most likely be deaf?
5/8
An RNA molecule has 1500 bases. What is the maximum number of amino acids it can encode?
500
A person, whose eye has a lens-to-retina distance of 2.0 cm, can only clearly see objects that are closer than 1.0 m away. What is the strength (S) of the person's eye lens (Note: Use the thin lens formula: 1/O + 1/I = S)
51 D. This is a Physics question that falls under the content category "How light and sound interact with matter." The answer to this question is C because the strength of the eye lens is equal to the inverse of the focal length of the eye lens. Its numerical value is given by (1 m)-1+(0.02 m)-1=1 D+50 D=51 D. It is a Knowledge of Scientific Concepts and Principles question because you are asked to use mathematical equations to solve problems." Remember that the unit is m.
What percentage of atmospheric pressure is the pulse pressure of a healthy adult?
6% 45 mmHg/760 mmHg = 6%. Pulse Pressure/Standard Pressure = 6%
What volume of a 0.120 M CaI2 solution would contain 0.078 mol of the solute?
650 mL
If adults performed the block tapping task as a measure of working memory capacity, they would most likely replicate sequences of what length correctly?
7 plus or minus 2
Which of the following best describes the bond that would form between the following two nucleotides if they were located adjacent to each other as shown in a single strand of DNA?
A bond between the phosphate of the adenine and the sugar of the thymine
Addition of laforin to the reaction mixtures used to generate the data in Figure 2 will result in:
A decrease in the intensity of the band representing WT without glucosidase when visualized with 32P decay.
Which measure would be most useful if the researchers were interested in the degree of sympathetic arousal experienced in the different conditions of Study 1?
A measure of electrical conductivity of the skin
Which explanation of the results of Study 1 presents the most appropriate application of the optimal arousal theory? Reminding participants of:
A negative stereotype associated with their identity increases arousal beyond what is optimal and leads to poor performance
Gamma decay occurs when a nucleus emits:
A photon.
Which finding would support the validity of the DMQ measure?
A positive correlation between DMQ scores and the CG scores
If Reaction 2 (Figure 4) is repeated with HCl and the compound shown below, which of the following compounds is NOT a direct product (without rearrangement)?
A.
The formation of which reaction products is increased in MBCD-treated MDR cells after exposure to 100 µM cholesterol?
ADP + Pi
The source of the phosphate groups that are added to rhodopsin is:
ATP.
To fulfill the author's view of an exemplary professor, which of the following subject areas would be most useful for economics professors to know outside of their discipline?
Ecology
What is the advantage of including a specially trained cultural liaison as opposed to training physicians in cultural competency?
Adding a cultural liaison creates a triadic group; a more stable relationship than a dyadic group
Which of the following will decrease the percentage ionization of 1.0 M acetic acid, CH3CO2H (aq)?
Adding concentrated HCl (aq)
Which of the following facts most strongly supports the authors' image of John VI as resistant to social change in his realm?
After his return, he reigned as monarch of Portugal for only five years.
Glucose transporter proteins in the liver do not require the presence of insulin to facilitate the uptake of glucose. However, insulin does stimulate the first step in the glycolytic pathway within the liver. Therefore, in liver cells, insulin most likely:
Aids glucose uptake by decreasing the cellular concentration of glucose
Enzymes alter the rate of chemical reactions by all of the following methods EXCEPT:
Altering substrate primary structure.
What type of functional group is formed when aspartic acid reacts with another amino acid to form a peptide bond?
An amide group.
The statement that the ornithine decarboxylase assay is highly specific means that it:
An distinguish ornithine decarboxylase activity from the many other enzymatic reactions in a cell.
The ornithine decarboxylase reaction has been studied extensively by biomedical researchers. The most likely reason for the interest of these researchers is that the reaction is:
An early event in cell division
Epilepsy may result in motor seizures due to massive synchronous firing of neurons in a small area of the cerebral cortex (the epileptic focus). Excitation spreads from the focus, involving an increasingly larger area of the cortex. A drug for the treatment of epilepsy would be most effective if it caused which of the following changes in the epileptic focus?
An increase in the neuron-firing threshold
Suppose an artist created an exhibition consisting entirely of tastefully arranged collages of mug shots and fingerprints. This exemplifies the passage assertion that:
Any photograph, regardless of intention, may be viewed as art.
The author would most likely favor a college course that:
Applied classroom concepts to a community garden project.
In general, telomeres are NOT important to bacterial cells because most bacterial chromosomes:
Are circular
The process of culturing bacteria often involves inoculation of cells on a noncellular, agar-based medium. Such a methodology would NOT result in growth of animal viruses because animal viruses:
Are obligate parasites
Which amino acid residues were incorporated into Compound 1 to promote the adhesion of cells on the scaffold surfaces?
Asp and Arg.
The graph below shows the relationship between the predominant form of iron as a function of solution pH and applied potential. Based on the graph, which of the following statements is true?
At a potential of -0.44 V, the equilibrium between Fe and Fe2+ is independent of solution pH below pH 6.
The passage describes an irony of tourist-oriented voodoo, namely that:
Audiences are kept at a safe distance, which reinforces their lack of belief in the powers of voodoo.
Interoceptive awareness involves sensitivity to increases in the activity of the:
Autonomic Nervous System
Normally, a hypothalamic factor stimulates the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from the pituitary gland. In a patient with Addison's disease, the secretion of the hypothalamic factor will:
Be higher than normal
If the participants in Study 1 differed in the degree to which their ethnic identity was a central part of their self-concept, which outcome would be most likely? Participants whose ethnic identity was a central part of their self-concepts would:
Be more affected by the positive stereotype regarding Asian Americans' math ability
Which effect did a protein-free diet have on DSS-treated +/y and -/y mice, respectively?
Both +/y and the -/y mice lost weight.
Research findings indicate higher levels of patient trust and physician attention in race-concordant physician-patient relationships because:
Both the physician and patient belong to the same in-group.
Exercise promotes the insulin-independent uptake of glucose in working skeletal muscles. Given this, regular exercise would most likely reduce blood glucose levels in patients with which type(s) of diabetes?
Both type I and type II
The experiment was replicated with the addition of another variable: when playing the trust game, the participants were told either that the other player was a student at their university or was a student at a rival university. Based on the findings in the passage and research on in-group and out-group dynamics, which outcome is most likely?
C
During the initiation of muscle contraction, mysosin binds actin after troponin binds to which ion?
Ca2+
Based on the data presented in the passage, which statement best describes HSP110E9 allele?
Cancer-suppressing and dominant to HSP110WT.
MBCD is composed of which type of molecule?
Carbohydrates
Which term refers to closed status positions that hinder social mobility?
Caste systems
Which of the following terms best describes the role of ornithine decarboxylase in the reaction shown in Equation 1?
Catalyst
Damage to which nervous system structure is most likely to cause problems in the participants' ability to perform the synchronous behaviors in studies 1 and 2?
Cerebellum. Movement behaviors are affected by the cerebellum.
According to the information in the passage, HSP110 is most likely which type of protein?
Chaperone
Pellagra also results from a deficiency of nicotinamide, which is synthesized from tryptophan. Nicotinamide nucleotides are neither oxidized nor reduced during which step of cellular respiration?
Chemiosmosis
The production of a variety of opsins functions to:
Enable the detection of different colors.
Harlequin ichthyosis, a rare genetic disorder, causes the skin to become thick and scaly. Flaking skin behind the eyelids of individuals with this condition is most likely to damage which structure of the eye?
Cornea
The passage offers no information about mambos' and houngans':
Costumes.
The author's primary purpose is to:
Critique unqualified practitioners of architectural paint research.
The study found that Mexican immigrants reported worse physical and mental health statuses than the other Latino immigrant groups. Based on other results reported in the passage, which statement provides the best explanation of this finding?
Cuban and Puerto Rican immigrants have higher average SES than Mexican immigrants.
Which structure represents a phosphorylated subunit of glycogen as described in the passage?
D
In the passage, the author explains that his focus is different from that of most historians because he:
Deal with the economic realities of the theater.
During an action potential, the movement of sodium ions into a neuron causes the neuronal membrane to do which of the following?
Depolarize
Which effect is LEAST likely to occur with the process of gentrification?
Development of affordable housing
Considering the structure of STN, what is the most likely mechanism for its entry into the cell?
Diffusion directly through the membrane.
Based on passage information, one can infer that implementing the author's program for conservation (final paragraph) would most likely include suggestions for:
Discouraging the use of photography in magazine advertisements.
The story of Stevenson's Scottish nanny (paragraph 2) is probably included to:
Establish the pervasiveness of the desire to collect an author's mementos.
Which statement provides the LEAST likely explanation for why the researchers dropped the highly anxious participants from their sample?
Ethical committees do not allow research with participants who may have psychological disorders
Which research methodology involves the extended, systematic observation of a complete social environment?
Ethnographic methods
Which type of design is LEAST appropriate for research on residential segregation?
Experimental methods
Data on the role of Maintenance Factor 1 on PD is LEAST likely to come from which type of research?
Experimental studies
The statement that "if you preserve the trivial, then you must truly value the serious" (paragraph 2) functions in the passage to:
Explain the way the souvenir hunters justify their enterprise to themselves.
The researchers collected data on participants' heart rates and electrical skin conductance at different stages of the experiment. Which pattern would verify that the independent variable had the intended effect? Heart rate and skin conductance are higher:
For the participants in the stress group than for the participants in the control group
Which of the following passage assertions suggests most strongly that the author is critical of capitalist society?
Freedom to consume is equated with freedom itself.
The aldosterone deficiency associated with Addison's disease will cause a decrease in the serum levels of all of the following ions EXCEPT:
K+ ions
A researcher suggests that the benefits of bilingualism are related to the idea that the structure of language affects the perceptions of its speakers. This researcher is referring to which concept?
Linguistic relativity
Each of the following equations shows the dissociation of an acid in water. Which of the reactions occurs to the LEAST extent?
HPO4^2- + H2O --> H3O+ + PO4 ^3-
In a study, each trial involves administering a drop of lemon juice to the participant's tongue and measuring the participant's level of salivation. As more trials are conducted, the researcher finds that the magnitude of salivation declines. After a certain point, the researcher switches to administering lime juice. This researcher is most likely studying which process?
Habituation and dishabituation
Participants in a weight-loss program agree to have their body mass index (BMI) measured to track their progress in the program. Among a sample of 72 participants, the mean BMI is 30 and the median BMI is 25. Which statement provides an accurate description of the sample?
Half of the participants had a BMI over 25 and half had a BMI under 25.
Which statement best applies the behaviorist theory to explain the association between age and DMQ scores? Compared to younger participants, older participants:
Have had more experiences in which they have been punished for risky behaviors
According to the passage, if a reader who thinks highly of Virgina Woolf's fiction came upon a biography of Woolf, that reader should:
Hesitate to read the biography, because to do so would be to betray Woolf.
Which of the following points in the passage is supported by a concrete example?
Hiring committees are prejudiced against hiring local candidates to teach at the same university they had attended.
Which of the following approaches to research does the author most support?
Holistic.
In the chromatography of the reaction mixture, water absorbed on cellulose functioned as the stationary phase. What was the principal factor determining the migration of individual components in the sample?
Hydrogen Bonding
Which reaction is catalyzed by LipA?
Hydrolysis of triaglycerides.
The environment of the retinal binding site is most likely:
Hydrophobic.
The author uses the term "culture as commodity" to characterize which aspect of Haitian voodoo?
I and II only.
Which nucleotide pairing(s) would be recognized by the MMR system during DNA replication?
I and II only. dTMP and dCMP, dGMP and dAMP.
According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, which group of participants are most likely dealing with the challenges of generativity versus stagnation?
III only. Adults only.
Based on the findings in the study, which conclusion about ADHD is most likely?
Immediate performance feedback reduces impulsive responding in children with ADHD.
Assume that in a particular state, teachers at all grade levels emphasize hands-on projects and personal interactions with individual students. The passage suggests that in this state, class-size reductions would probably:
Improve student performance at all grade levels.
What aspect of Experiment 1 does NOT address whether membrane composition has an effect on Na+K+ ATPase activity? The activity of the Na+K+ ATPase:
Increased with temperature in both the 14:1 liposome and the 14:0 liposome.
When the current in the micro-robot's circuit increases and the resistance of the circuit remains constant, the voltage of the circuit:
Increases.
The term "ideal gas" refers to a gas for which certain assumptions have been made. Which of the following is such an assumption?
Individual molecular volume and intermolecular forces are negligible.
Which of the following statements best explains Ewen's use of the phrase "obliteration of the factory," as it is used in the passage?
Industrial jobs were hidden from public view.
In the example of the alcoholic in the passage, the presence of alcohol caused death because the alcohol:
Inhibited the cP-450
Despite the effects of diabetes, the brains of diabetic patients still receive adequate nourishment. This is most likely because the brain uses:
Insulin-independent transporters for the uptake of glucose
Compared to micellular Compound 1, Compound 2 is structurally more rigid as a result of what type of interaction?
Intermolecular covalent bonding.
The pericytes used in these experiments were probably in which phase of the cell cycle?
Interphase
Which of the following best describes the author's attitude toward the fact that the original paint of an architectural element has typically been painted over not just once but several times in the course of history?
It is what makes architectural paint research such a robust search of information.
What does the passage suggest about the use of blue paint for a house in the sixteenth century?
It may have been a statement of wealth.
The assertion that reducing class sizes requires more teachers (first paragraph) plays which of the following roles in the passage?
It provides an explanation for the substantial costs of class-size reductions.
After the Napoleonic wars, the Portugese people demanded democratic reforms, including major restrictions on the power of monarchs. Together with information in the passage, this fact most clearly indicates that:
John had good reason to fear that new ideas from abroad would undermine monarchial power.
Which of the following consequences would have been most likely had the Church ceased to support divine-right monarchy?
John would have included priests in his list of political suspects.
Based on the passage, which of the following is LEAST likely to be a symptom of diabetes mellitus?
Loss of appetite
When using the term "the sovereignty of the masses" (paragraph 4), the author seems to mean the ability of the masses to:
Make every decision concerning their governance.
The researchers change the procedure such that instead of placing the objects in a box, the participants have to recall all the objects that they have seen during training. According to the spreading of activation theory, which type of memory error is most likely?
Making source monitoring errors regarding the location of the training objects
Based on the description of performance in the second paragraph of the passage, which of the following occupations is most analogous to professional acting?
Massage therapist.
Max attends a party and does not make eye contact with, or approach, his acquaintance, Sam. According to the actor-observer bias, which graph best represents how Max and Sam view this behavior?
Max is feeling sick, Sam thinks he's socially awkward
Which approach does NOT measure the activity of the Na+K+ ATPase?
Measuring the free energy of the ion transport
Sound-induced vibrations depolarize hair cells of the cochlea by opening ion channels that are gated in what way?
Mechanically
When concentrated urine is being produced, in which of the following regions of the kidney will the glomerular filtrate reach its highest concentration?
Medullary portion of the collecting duct
The research in the passage is best described as:
Mixed-methods study
Which of the following underlying assumptions about professors is implied by the passage argument?
Most of them care more about ideas than they do about actual places.
Which of the following, if true, most weakens the author's argument about the majority of college professors?
Most teach in the city where they prefer to live.
Colchicine is a drug that prevents the formation of microtubules. Which of the following mitotic processes would NOT occur after exposure to this drug?
Movement of the chromosomes toward opposite poles of the cell during anaphase
If a patient with Addison's disease is given too high a replacement dose of glucocorticoids, the effect over time will be an increase in:
Muscle weakness
The radioactive decay described in the passage results in the formation of which two atoms?
N and S.
In which direction does the Na+K+ ATPase transport ions across the cell membrane upon ATP hydrolysis?
Na+ is transported out of the cell; K+ is transported into the cell.
Based on the findings in the passage, engaging in synchronous behaviors is most likely to lead to an increase in:
Obedience
Implicit in the use of the phrase "betrayal by biography" (paragraph 4) is the idea that biography:
Often explores the writer's personal life against the writer's wishes.
The single change to the observed ritual at Mariani that would most weaken the author's distinction between Mariani and Nansoucri voodoo would be a situation in which:
One or more audience members became possessed.
Which mechanism best describes how P-gp facilitates drug resistance?
P-gp serves as a pump and uses active transport to move antitumor drugs outside the cell.
Which conclusion is supported by Figure 1?
Priming a negative stereotype interferes with performance
The author's analysis of image-making rests on the assumption that a capitalist society separates:
Private Perception from Social Order.
Based on the study, which assessment represents a subjective measure of motivation?
Participants' answers on the exit questionnaire
The initial filtration step in the glomerulus of the mammalian kidney occurs primarily by:
Passive flow due to a pressure difference
Which of the following groups played a role in conserving the older social, religious, and political order in Portugal?
Peasants and the Royal Family
Pericytes were growth-arrested in Experiment 1 so that the:
Pericyte growth would not interfere with the measurement of EC growth
Which amino acid, in addition to tryptophan, is most likely to be transported by AT1?
Phenylalanine
Assuming no mutations to the signaling pathway described in the passage, what event directly activates CARD11?
Phosphorylation
Which of the following best exemplifies the author's assertion that, according to the instrumental approach, cameras can be used to present information that facilitates timely, accurate responses?
Photographs taken by cameras at stop lights to catch traffic offenders.
Recent technological developments like high-resolution satellite imagery and diagnostic positron emission tomography (PET scans) have refined and extended the camera's capacity to provide information. Which passage assertion does this information support most strongly?
Photography can be used to both control and benefit society.
What is the relationship between Pp, PMPA, and Pd
Pp = 3PMPA - 3Pd
Compared to the simultaneous condition, the serial condition of the experiment would be more likely to cause:
Primary Effect
A researcher replicates the experiment with the addition of a physical stressor to the first phase of the experiment. According to Selye's general adaptation syndrome, this change is:
Unnecessary, because the human stress response is not specific to the type of stressor
Which type of bond is formed by glycogen synthase upson release of UDP?
a-1,4-Glycosidic bond
Compared to normal glycogen, the amount of what type of bond is decreased in Lafora bodies?
a-1,6-Glycosidic bond
Upon activation, p65 and cRel control the level of IL-6 mRNA by:
binding DNA
The central thesis of the passage is that class-size reductions:
can improve academic achievement under some conditions but may not be the most effective way to do so.
Which of the following types of orbitals of the central atom are involved in bonding in octahedral compounds?
d2sp3
No drowsiness was initially felt by the alcoholic because the previous abuse of alcohol had:
induced the cP-450
The findings described in the passage suggest that memory for locations:
is influenced by categorical knowledge
Based on the passage, in MSI CRC primary tumor cells, the size of the deletion in the HSP110T17 microsatellite is inversely correlated with:
The number of mature HSP110WT transcripts synthesized.
Which measurement unit CANNOT be used to express power?
kg x m2 x s2 The measurement unit of power is watt, defined as J/s = ft•lb/s = kg•m2/s3. It is a Knowledge of Scientific Concepts and Principles question because you are asked to identify a relationship between closely related concepts.
On average, adults are found to be more risk averse than adolescents. Based on group polarization, how would testing condition affect adults' scores on the DMQ? Adults would have:
lower scores on the DMQ in a group than alone
The lung cells of heavy smokers would be expected to have greatly increased concentrations of cP-450 and:
mRNA sequences that code for cP-450
The intensity of the radiation emitted by the oxygen sensor is directly proportional to the:
number of photons emitted.
For Patient 2, panic attacks act as:
positive punishers
The author's main purpose in exploring the aesthetic and the instrumental approaches to photography is to suggest that a new form of conservation must:
Solve the problem of the continual proliferation of images.
The information in the passage best supports the conclusion that Intron 8 of HSP110 most likely contains which of the following?
Splice acceptor site.
Which conclusion is best supported by the outcome of Study 2?
Synchronous activity increases conformity
Ethanol may be metabolized to acetic acid, then condensed with a coenzyme to form acetyl coenzyme A. Acetyl coenzyme A may then participate in:
The Krebs (citric acid) Cycle
A student is investigating the bystander effect and receives permission to conduct the study in the school cafeteria. What is a potential dependent variable that can be measured by the student?
The amount of time a student takes to assist another student in distress
The most rapid rate of gluconeogenesis will most likely occur in the body when:
The body's stores of carbohydrates are low
Which of the following facts cited in the passage gives the strongest support for the claim that Portugese liberals were in the minority politically?
The commoners were politically conservative.
Researchers hypothesize that experiencing a certain scent while viewing paintings of flowers will influence the viewers' ratings of attractiveness of the paintings. Researchers dispensed a floral scent in one room with paintings and no scent in another room with paintings. Which statement is accurate regarding the study?
The independent variable is the presence or absence of scent in the rooms.
If this study were replicated, which hypothesis would most likely be supported?
The interplay between a supervisor's stereotypical views and an organization that fosters those stereotypes would be more detrimental to minority group members.
The children from the experiment in the passage participate in a separate study using Piaget's water conservation task. They are shown two identical beakers, containing equal amounts of water. The water from one of the containers is poured into a thinner and taller beaker. Which prediction is most likely to be confirmed?
The majority of 11-year-olds will state that the amount of water in the taller beaker is the same as in the original beaker
Neighborhood-level socioeconomic inequalities are most likely to affect physician-patient interactions through which phenomenon?
The physician-patient relationship is not subject to the same external forces that govern other relationships.
The passage assertion that a dead poet is "owned without opposition" (paragraph 3) probably means that:
The poet is no longer able to challenge the public's response to the poet's life and work.
Which interpretation of the research findings is consistent with the conflict theory perspective? Status hierarchies facilitate:
The preservation of structural power while being maintained by practices of discrimination.
Which of the following most likely will occur if a homogenous catalyst CANNOT be separated from the products at the end of a reaction?
The products will be contaminated.
How will the rate of a catalyzed reaction be affected if the solid catalyst is finely ground before it is added to the reaction mixture?
The rate will be faster because a greater surface area of catalyst will be exposed.
Which of the following statements does NOT correctly describe the dehydration of malic acid to fumaric acid and maleic acid?
The reaction is stereospecific.
Based on information in the passage, which of the following would be the most likely reason behind the author's suggested academic reforms?
To pay more careful attention to the relationship between humans and the world outside the classroom
Why is the velocity of blood flow slower in capillaries than in arteries?
The total cross-sectional area of capillaries exceeds that of arteries.
Which statement correctly describes how enzymes affect chemical reactions? Stabilization of:
The transition state changes the activation energy of the reaction.
The data in Figure 1 shows that:
The variation in the flexible regions of LipA decreases the temperature sensitivity of activity.
Based on the passage, during the 1919 strike, which aspect of acting were actors able to make use of that was NOT available to most other industrial workers?
Their role as commodities.
The passage discussion of local content (paragraph 5) assumes which of the following?
There is an "artificial boundary between the roles of student and citizen".
If 2-pentanol replaces 1-pentanol in the reaction shown in Figure 3, the rate of substitution is less because:
There is more steric hindrance at the 2-position of 2-pentanol than at the 1-position of 1-pentanol.
Which of the following statements gives the most fundamental reason why ornithine is unlikely to be found in proteins synthesized in vivo?
There is no codon for it in the standard genetic code
According to the passage, what is most likely correct about the genes that are expressed as a result of the constant activation of the NF-κB pathway?
They contain a p65/cRel binding site in their promoter region.
Why does the author quote the letter which states "'Today my chambers painted a fine blue'" (paragraph 5)?
To illustrate the value of consulting documentary evidence as part of architectural paint research.
The observation that some teachers use techniques that work best in small classes (paragraph 4) is used to support which of the following assertions from the passage?
When class sizes are reduced, the improved performance of teachers who already use methods well suited to smaller classes pulls up the average achievement level.
What is the most likely location of P-gp within the plasma membrane?
Within a lipid raft
Herbert Gorman's 1939 biography of the writer James Joyce was written with Joyce's cooperation and published in Joyce's lifetime. These facts would appear to challenge which of the assertions made in the passage?
Writers prefer that readers concentrate on the writer's work rather than read a biography of the writer.
When a strip of Zn is placed in a beaker containing 0.1 M HCl, H2(g) evolves. If a strip of Al is placed in a beaker containing 0.1 M HCl, does H2(g) evolve?
Yes, Al is oxidized and H+(aq) is reduced.
A circuit similar to that in Figure 2 is set up in which X = Pb, Xn+ = Pb2+, Y = Cu, and Ym+ = Cu2+. Will an oxidation-reduction reaction occur spontaneously?
Yes; E cell = +0.466.
What are the hybridization states of the carbon atoms involved in the conversion of trans to cis retinal?
sp2.
