A&P 2 digestive system
T/F? The Lacteals play a major role incorporation of proteins into the body.
False
substance secreted by parietal cells of gastric glands and helps activate protein enzyme
HCI
Activates the protein-digesting enzyme found in the stomach and reduces pH
HCL
Organs that duct material into the digestive tract are called -?- organs.
accessory
From top to bottom the length of the canal is called the?
alimentary canal
breaks down carbohydrates
amylase
molecules that make pancreatic juices alkaline
bicarbonate ions
Ducted in the small intestine from the pancreas in order to protect the area from the low acidity of the chyme entering from the stomach
bicarbonate rich fluid
emulsify fats, which means to break them into smaller pieces
bile
In order for the broken down material to be used by the body, it must be absorbed into the ?
blood
chemical digestion
breaking down food with enzymes
The release of salivary amylase begins the breakdown type known as _?_, which is later continued in the stomach and small intestines
chemical digestion
mechanical digestion
chewing and churning
cause gallbladder to constrict and release stored bile
cholecystokinin
the muscularis of the stomach is response for the type of movement
churning
inability to pass feces may result from lack of fiber in diet
constipation
swallowing
deglutition
passage of watery stools resulting in electrolyte and water loss
diarrhea
defecation
elimination of feces
connection between the digestive system in the head and the abdomen
esophagus
Undigested food material remains in the digestive tract and is excreted in?
feces
stores and releases bile
gallbladder
formation of stones in the gallbladder associated with prolonged bile storage
gallstones
produces HCL and pepsinogen
gastric glands
stimulates increased production of gastric juice
gastrin
pocket-like pouches caused by muscle tension in the large intestines
haustra
when gastric juice is able to flow up into the esophagus and burn the tissue
heartburn/GERD
the gastric glands produce more gastric juice when they are stimulated by gastrin. This is a ? type of stimulus.
hormonal
connection between the small and large intestines
ileocecal valve
Term for eating
ingestion
name the six functions of digestion
ingestion, mechanical digestion, chemical digestion, absorption, waste removal, propulsion
yellow coloring to skin caused by liver problems or blockage of the biliary ductwork
jaundice
cells are fixed to walls of hepatic sinusoid and remove bacteria from blood
kupffer
breakdown fats in the small intestines
lipase
substance that breaks down fat into fatty acids and glycerol
lipase
organ that secretes bile
liver
produces and releases bile
liver
chewing
mastication
Chewing, churning and segmentation are all parts of
mechanical digestion
structure that suspends the small intestine from the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity
mesentery
small projections found on the cell surface of simple columnar cells in the small intestine that are used to increase surface area to increase absorption
microvilli
The histological layer of the digestive tract responsible for absorption and lubrication is called the?
mucosa
main site of nutrient absorption
mucosa
Protects the mucosa of the stomach from acidity and being digested
mucous
The histological layer of the digestive tract responsible for movement is called the?
muscularis
responsible for segmentation and peristalsis
muscularis
Food enters the digestive system when it is ingested in the?
oral cavity
ducts fluid that can break down lipids, carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids into the duodenum
pancreas
what is the name of the stomach cell that secrete hydrochloric acid
parietal cells
serosa of the abdominal cavity
parietal peritoneum
Protein digestion starts in the stomach when they react with this enzyme.
pepsin
substance secreted by chief cells of the gastric glands that breaks down proteins
pepsinogen/pepsin
The propulsive function that occurs in the esophagus is called __________.
peristalsis
inflammation of the abdominal serosa
peritonitis
lymphatic nodules found in the small intestines
peyer's patch
passageway used for both air and food
pharynx
Name the order of movement through the digestive system once food is swallowed:
pharynx, esophagus, stomach, duodenum, jejum, ileum, colon, rectum, anus
The mere thought of food (yummy mint chocolate chip ice cream)makes your mouth water and is a ? type of stimulus.
psychology
junction between the stomach and small intestine
pyloric sphincter
folds of the mucosal layer in the stomach
rugae
starts the digestion of starch in the mouth
salivary amylase
secrete amylase to begin starch digestion
salivary glands
stimulates liver to increase output of bile
secretin
types of propulsion in digestive system
segmentation and peristalsis
protective outermost layer of the alimentary canal
serosa
organ responsible for most food and water absorption
small intestine
in which digestive organ is chyme produced?
stomach
organ where protein digestion begins
stomach
moderately dense connective tissue that has a rich supply of blood, lymphatic vessels, and nerve fibers
submucosa
organ that mixes food in the mouth
tongue
absorption
transport of nutrients from lumen to blood
pancreatic enzyme that breaks down protein
trypsin
mucosa layer of the stomach or duodenum is eaten away
ulcer
finger-like folds found in the small intestine that increase the surface are for absorption
villi
serous membrane forming part of the wall of the small intestine
visceral peritoneum