A&P 2 digestive system

T/F? The Lacteals play a major role incorporation of proteins into the body.

False

substance secreted by parietal cells of gastric glands and helps activate protein enzyme

HCI

Activates the protein-digesting enzyme found in the stomach and reduces pH

HCL

Organs that duct material into the digestive tract are called -?- organs.

accessory

From top to bottom the length of the canal is called the?

alimentary canal

breaks down carbohydrates

amylase

molecules that make pancreatic juices alkaline

bicarbonate ions

Ducted in the small intestine from the pancreas in order to protect the area from the low acidity of the chyme entering from the stomach

bicarbonate rich fluid

emulsify fats, which means to break them into smaller pieces

bile

In order for the broken down material to be used by the body, it must be absorbed into the ?

blood

chemical digestion

breaking down food with enzymes

The release of salivary amylase begins the breakdown type known as _?_, which is later continued in the stomach and small intestines

chemical digestion

mechanical digestion

chewing and churning

cause gallbladder to constrict and release stored bile

cholecystokinin

the muscularis of the stomach is response for the type of movement

churning

inability to pass feces may result from lack of fiber in diet

constipation

swallowing

deglutition

passage of watery stools resulting in electrolyte and water loss

diarrhea

defecation

elimination of feces

connection between the digestive system in the head and the abdomen

esophagus

Undigested food material remains in the digestive tract and is excreted in?

feces

stores and releases bile

gallbladder

formation of stones in the gallbladder associated with prolonged bile storage

gallstones

produces HCL and pepsinogen

gastric glands

stimulates increased production of gastric juice

gastrin

pocket-like pouches caused by muscle tension in the large intestines

haustra

when gastric juice is able to flow up into the esophagus and burn the tissue

heartburn/GERD

the gastric glands produce more gastric juice when they are stimulated by gastrin. This is a ? type of stimulus.

hormonal

connection between the small and large intestines

ileocecal valve

Term for eating

ingestion

name the six functions of digestion

ingestion, mechanical digestion, chemical digestion, absorption, waste removal, propulsion

yellow coloring to skin caused by liver problems or blockage of the biliary ductwork

jaundice

cells are fixed to walls of hepatic sinusoid and remove bacteria from blood

kupffer

breakdown fats in the small intestines

lipase

substance that breaks down fat into fatty acids and glycerol

lipase

organ that secretes bile

liver

produces and releases bile

liver

chewing

mastication

Chewing, churning and segmentation are all parts of

mechanical digestion

structure that suspends the small intestine from the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity

mesentery

small projections found on the cell surface of simple columnar cells in the small intestine that are used to increase surface area to increase absorption

microvilli

The histological layer of the digestive tract responsible for absorption and lubrication is called the?

mucosa

main site of nutrient absorption

mucosa

Protects the mucosa of the stomach from acidity and being digested

mucous

The histological layer of the digestive tract responsible for movement is called the?

muscularis

responsible for segmentation and peristalsis

muscularis

Food enters the digestive system when it is ingested in the?

oral cavity

ducts fluid that can break down lipids, carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids into the duodenum

pancreas

what is the name of the stomach cell that secrete hydrochloric acid

parietal cells

serosa of the abdominal cavity

parietal peritoneum

Protein digestion starts in the stomach when they react with this enzyme.

pepsin

substance secreted by chief cells of the gastric glands that breaks down proteins

pepsinogen/pepsin

The propulsive function that occurs in the esophagus is called __________.

peristalsis

inflammation of the abdominal serosa

peritonitis

lymphatic nodules found in the small intestines

peyer's patch

passageway used for both air and food

pharynx

Name the order of movement through the digestive system once food is swallowed:

pharynx, esophagus, stomach, duodenum, jejum, ileum, colon, rectum, anus

The mere thought of food (yummy mint chocolate chip ice cream)makes your mouth water and is a ? type of stimulus.

psychology

junction between the stomach and small intestine

pyloric sphincter

folds of the mucosal layer in the stomach

rugae

starts the digestion of starch in the mouth

salivary amylase

secrete amylase to begin starch digestion

salivary glands

stimulates liver to increase output of bile

secretin

types of propulsion in digestive system

segmentation and peristalsis

protective outermost layer of the alimentary canal

serosa

organ responsible for most food and water absorption

small intestine

in which digestive organ is chyme produced?

stomach

organ where protein digestion begins

stomach

moderately dense connective tissue that has a rich supply of blood, lymphatic vessels, and nerve fibers

submucosa

organ that mixes food in the mouth

tongue

absorption

transport of nutrients from lumen to blood

pancreatic enzyme that breaks down protein

trypsin

mucosa layer of the stomach or duodenum is eaten away

ulcer

finger-like folds found in the small intestine that increase the surface are for absorption

villi

serous membrane forming part of the wall of the small intestine

visceral peritoneum