A&P 2 test 1 Blood

the temperate of blood is about ____ than measured body temperature

1 degree C higher

how many oxygen molecules may bind to a single molecule of hemoglobin

4

typically, an adults body contains ____ of blood

5 liters

plasma makes up about ____ percent of a centrifuged sample of whole blood

55

plasma is composed of about ____ % water

92

approximately 5 million cells per microliter of blood

RBC

about 95 % of the volume of the formed elements: transport oxygen and carbon dioxide

RBC's and erythrocytes

approximately 7000 cells per microliter of blood

WBC

most of the remaining 5% of the volume of the formed elements: are involved in immunity

WBC's and leukocytes

an individuals hematocrit would vary with

age sex altitude

a simple protein that makes up approximately 58% of the plasma proteins. many act as transport molecules

albumin

in a patient the differential count shows neutrophil levels are very high, this may indicate

bacterial infection

blood plasma is slightly ____: if pH drifts out of the normal range, dire consequences can result from alterations in the structure of_____

basic, proteins

select al that are true of a vascular spasm

blood loss is slowed blood flow is slowed several chemicals are released to continue the spasms it will continue during formation of platelet plug

the first phase of hemostasis involves

blood vessel constriction

during platelet plug formation, platelets begin to stick to

collagen with the assistance of von villebrand factor

oxygen poor blood is ____ in color

dark red

the main function of leukocytes is to

defend against pathogens

as a platelet plug forms at an injury site platelets become activated and their cytoplasm

degranulates as they release chemicals such as ADP and thromboxane A2

the viscosity of blood is ____ proportional to the number of erythrocytes and ____ proportional to the amount of fluid

directly, indirectly

sodium calcium abd bicarbonate are all described as plasma

electrolytes

the most abundant formed elements of the blood is/are

erythrocytes

when blood is centrifuged and its components separate, the bottom of the tube holds the

erythrocytes

the clinical definition of the hematocrit refers to the percentage of

erythrocytes in the blood

iron, lactic acid and lips are all considered to be nutrients in blood plasma

false

the extrinsic pathway refers to a clotting system that is initiated by chemicals that come from the outside of the body

false

a portion that forms blood clots

fibrin

if thrombin levels were low, coagulation would be difficult becuase

formation of insoluble fibrin would be slow

a simple protein that makes up approximately 38% of the plasma proteins. many act as part of the immune system

globulin

what are some characteristics of leukocytes

have a nucleus have no hemoglobin may or may not contain granules

approximately 46% of the total blood volume

hematocrit

approximately 16 grams of blood

hemoglobin

the red pigmented protein in erythrocytes that transports oxygen and carbon dioxide is called

hemoglobin

platelets play a key role in ____ but if they are not used they are broken down after about ___ days

hemostasis, 9

the following are the characteristic of a reticulocyte except

its only organelles are ribosomes, mitochondria and nucleus

the reason it is more appropriate to call an erythrocyte a formed element rather than a cell is that erythrocytes

lack a nucleus and organelles

old erythrocytes are phagocytize in the

liver and spleen

t-cells are a category of

lymnphcytes

the growth factor that increases the formation of erythrocytes all classes of granulocytes, monocytes and platelets from myeloid stem cells is

multi CSF

in hemopoeises, granulocytes such as neutrophils are formed from the ____ line

myeloid

the line of blood cell development that results in the formation of erythrogytes, megakaryocytic and all leukocytes except for lymphocytes is the ____ line

myeloid

which depicts the cell formation of erythropoiesis?

myeloid stem cell proerythroblast erythroblast normoblast reticulocyte mature erythrocyte

the type of leukocyte that is very active during a bacterial infection is

neutrophil

which are the most numerous of the leukocytes

neutrophils

which leukocytes are grandulocytes

neutrophils eosinophils basophils

all of the following are the elutes that apply to an erythrocyte except:

nuclei organelles

platelets are formed from

pieces of the megakayocyte breaking off

factor XII catalyzes the formation of a plasma ensyme called kallikrein that in turn converts an inactive protein into ____ a fibrin dissolving enzyme that breaks up the clot

plamin

the following are all components of the formed elements except for

plasma

the liquid portion of blood connective tissue

plasma

250000-400,000 per microliter of blood

platelet

prostacyclin is an eicosanoid that acts as a

platelet repellent

the cell fragments that are a component of blood are

platelets

the buffy coat of the middle layer of a centrifuged blood sample is composed of

platelets and leukocytes

tiny cell fragments; making a negligible contribution to plasma volume: are involved in blood clotting

platelets and thrombocytes

during erythropoiesis the developing cell is referred to as a ____ during the final stage before becoming a fully mature erythrocyte

proerythroblast

which term best describes the function of blood when considering the presence of leukocytes and antibodies

protection

al lo the following are functions of the blood in the body except

prouduces hormones to be transported to the endocrine glands

plasma without the clotting factors

serum

the following events occur to the components of aged erythrocytes targeted for destruction except:

some iron stored in the kindest for future use

when over 10 % of the boys blood has been lost, a survival response occurs involving activation of the ____ nervous system

sympathetic

choose the inaccurate statement about the two reaction pathways to coagulation

the extrinsic mechanism uses only clotting factors found in the blood itself the intrinsic mechanism is initiated by clotting factors released by the damaged blood vessel and perivascular tissues

a comparison of the clinical hematocrit and the true hematocrit would indicate that

their values are very similar

choose the correct statement regarding the function of platelets

they secrete procoagulants or clotting factors which promote blood clotting

which term best describes the function of blood when considering the presence of carbon dioxide and endocrine hormones

transportation

blood helps regulate the pH and the temperate of the body

true

most colony stimulating factors are growth factors

true

vasculat spasm is triggered by blood vessel injury and further triggered by the release of serotonin

true

the first stage of hemostasis is ____, where the damaged blood vessel constricts suddenly

vascular spasm

select the events that occur when platelets adhere to a damaged vessel

vascular spasms and other platelets are replused from the area

to compensate for significant blood loss, the autonomic nervous system triggers

vasoconstriction and an increase in heart rate

the following statements regarding the composition of plasma are correct except

water represents 72% by weight

when trying tho diagnose an infection that alters the percentage of leukocyte types found in the blood, it is useful for clinicians to perform a

white blood cell differential count