A&P Ch 16

How many auditory ossicles are found in each ear?

3

Place the structures of the vascular tunic in order from anterior to posterior.

Iris ciliary body choroid

Which are true of conjunctiva?

It does not cover the cornea. It is vascular. It contains goblet cells.

We use the sense of _____to sample our environment for information about the food we will eat, the presence of other individuals in the room, or potential danger.

Olfaction

______ occurs when impulses from an organ are perceived as originating from the skin.

Referred pain

true of rods?

They function well in dim light. There are more than 100 million rod cells per eye.

Which are basic taste sensations?

Umami Sweet Sour

A feature common to all receptors is ______.

ability to respond to a stimulus

Tarsal glands release ______.

an oily substance

The semicircular ducts are involved in detecting ____acceleration.

angular

Which cavity of the eyeball is divided into an anterior and posterior chamber?

anterior cavity

What type of fluid is found in the anterior cavity of the eyeball?

aqueous humor

When the____ membrane moves, the ____on the spiral organ hair cells distort because they are anchored by the tectorial membrane.

basilar stereocilia

The process is called the bleaching reaction because rhodopsin goes from a ______ color to ______.

bluish-purple; colorless

Earwax is a combination of dead skin cells and slough

cerumen

Gustatory cells are ______.

chemoreceptors

Otitis media is more common in ______.

children

The iris is continuous with the ______.

ciliary body

Prior to being stimulated by light, the retinal portion of rhodopsin is in a bent twisted shape called

cis-retinal

The auditory sensory axons of the ____branch of cranial nerve number_____ terminate in the cochlear nucleus within the brainstem.

cochlear 8

The cochlea has three fluid-filled ducts. Which are the names of these ducts?

cochlear duct scala vestibuli scala tympani

Which events occur during bright light adaptation?

cones gradually adjust pupils constrict rods become inactive

The parasympathetic nervous system controls ______.

contraction

When you go from a bright light environment to a dark environment, you have a slow sensitivity to low light levels. This is called

dark adaptiation

Free nerve endings are terminal branches of ______.

dendrites

What type of receptor is found in the mucous membranes?

exteoceptors

Exteroceptors detect stimuli from the ______ environment.

external

Which is an accessory structure of the eye?

eyebrow

What type of cell is found between the photoreceptors and bipolar cells?

horizontal cells

Rods are essentially nonfunctional in bright light because ______.

in bright light, rhodopsin will bleach as fast as it is reformed

Pain is an example of a ______ sense.

in general

When the photoreceptors stop ____the bipolar cells, the bipolar cells can then release their neurotransmitter that binds to receptors on the ganglion cells.

inhibiting

vitreous

jelly-like mass filling the inner chamber between the lens and retina that gives bulk to the eye

Where are tears created?

lacrimal apparatus

The lacrimal apparatus produces, collects, and drains

lacrimal fluid

Tactile receptors are a type of ______.

mechanoreceptor

A detached retina is more likely to occur if a person is ______.

nearsighted, myopia

avascular

no blood vessels

Olfactory basal cells replace ______.

olfactory cells

Which are cells found in the olfactory epithelium?

olfactory cells supporting cells basal cells

Free nerve endings are usually found in the ______.

papillary layer of the dermis

vascular

pertaining to blood vessels

Most of the eye is ______ the orbit of the skull.

receded into

The area that a receptor cell gathers information from is called the ______.

receptive field

Which structures are part of the vestibular complex?

saccule semicircular ducts utricle

What structure is the "white" of the eye?

sclera

What structure makes up the posterior 5/6 of the fibrous tunic?

sclera

Order these structures from superficial to deep. Start with the outermost structure first.

sclera choroid pigmented neural

Tarsal glands are ______.

sebaceous glands

Receptors for general senses are distributed throughout the ______ and viscera.

skin

Localization and sensitivity are easily determined in a ______ receptive field.

small

Which taste is usually associated with acids in ingested materials.

sour

Optic tracts extend to which structures after they leave the optic chiasm?

superior colliculi the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus

A flattened dendritic disc is a type of unencapsulated receptor called a ______.

tactile disc

What is the most numerous type of receptor?

tactile receptors

Somatic receptors are found within ______

the body wall

detached retina is caused by a separation between which two layers?

the pigmented layer of the retina the neural layer of the retina

Upon exposure to light, the retinal straightens out and reconfigures into a form called

trans-retinal

lens viewing

up close - rounded far away - flattened

Sensory receptors in which structures help monitor and adjust our equilibrium?

utricle saccule semicircular duct

The vascular tunic of the eye is also called the ______.

uvea

What type of papillae is largest and least numerous?

vallate

Which are the types of papillae?

vallate fungiform foliate filiform

The conjunctiva is ______.

vascular

When the bipolar cells release their neurotransmitter, the____ cells propagate a nerve signal along the _____nerve.

ganglion optic

What structure is the dividing line between the anterior and posterior chambers?

iris

the utricle and saccule contain small crystals. What are these crystals called?

otoliths

The segment of each photoreceptor that is composed of hundreds of discs containing photopigments that are capable of absorbing light energy is the

outter segment

Small elevations that can be easily seen on the tongue surface are called ______.

papillae

sclera

white of the eye provides for eye shape is made of dense connective tissue

The outmost layer of the eye is called the ______ tunic.

fibrous

The segment of each photoreceptor that contains organelles for the cell such as mitochondria is the , (cell body)

inner segment

Interoceptors detect stimuli from the body's ______ environment.

internal

A lack of photoreceptors in this structure creates the "blind spot"?

optic disc

The fat surrounding the eye is called

orbital fat

functions of the auditory ossicles?

transmit sounds waves to inner ear amplify sound

The most visible part of the external ear is called the

auricle pinna

Specific types of receptors called_____ detect stimuli in the internal organs.

interoceptors

What type of receptor is found in the smooth muscle of organs?

interoceptors

the cis-retinal, in the process of regeneration, is transported back to the ____where it associates with the opsin and reforms the____

rod rhodopsin

Which are the correct names for the tube that connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx?

auditory tube pharyngotympanic tube eustachian tube

What structure is filled with pigment from melanocytes?

choroid

structures of the eye in order from superficial to deep. Start with the outermost structure first.

choroid photoreceptors horizontal cells bipolar cells

Which are a part of the fibrous tunic?

cornea and sclera

Light rays are refracted or bent when they pass through two media of different ______.

densities

The palpebral conjunctiva ______.

lines the internal surface of the eyelid

Place the auditory ossicles in the order that they occur from lateral to medial.

malleus incus stapes (MIS)

choroid

middle, vascular layer of the eye, between the retina and the sclera, absorbs light

If stimulated over a period of time, ______receptors lose eventually sensitivity.

phasic

What type of receptor can undergo adaptation?

phasic

the process by which photoreceptors become activated when the photopigments are altered by light entering the eye is ______.

phototransduction

each type of photoreceptor has both an outer segment that extends into the____ layer of the retina and an inner segment.

pigmented

Aqueous humor is secreted into the_____ chamber before traveling to the_____ chamber of the eye.

posterior anterior

The dissociation of____ into its two components is called the bleaching reaction.

rhodopsin

Gustation is the sense of

taste

Stretch receptors in the stomach would be classified as what type?

visceral sensory