A&P Ch 16
How many auditory ossicles are found in each ear?
3
Place the structures of the vascular tunic in order from anterior to posterior.
Iris ciliary body choroid
Which are true of conjunctiva?
It does not cover the cornea. It is vascular. It contains goblet cells.
We use the sense of _____to sample our environment for information about the food we will eat, the presence of other individuals in the room, or potential danger.
Olfaction
______ occurs when impulses from an organ are perceived as originating from the skin.
Referred pain
true of rods?
They function well in dim light. There are more than 100 million rod cells per eye.
Which are basic taste sensations?
Umami Sweet Sour
A feature common to all receptors is ______.
ability to respond to a stimulus
Tarsal glands release ______.
an oily substance
The semicircular ducts are involved in detecting ____acceleration.
angular
Which cavity of the eyeball is divided into an anterior and posterior chamber?
anterior cavity
What type of fluid is found in the anterior cavity of the eyeball?
aqueous humor
When the____ membrane moves, the ____on the spiral organ hair cells distort because they are anchored by the tectorial membrane.
basilar stereocilia
The process is called the bleaching reaction because rhodopsin goes from a ______ color to ______.
bluish-purple; colorless
Earwax is a combination of dead skin cells and slough
cerumen
Gustatory cells are ______.
chemoreceptors
Otitis media is more common in ______.
children
The iris is continuous with the ______.
ciliary body
Prior to being stimulated by light, the retinal portion of rhodopsin is in a bent twisted shape called
cis-retinal
The auditory sensory axons of the ____branch of cranial nerve number_____ terminate in the cochlear nucleus within the brainstem.
cochlear 8
The cochlea has three fluid-filled ducts. Which are the names of these ducts?
cochlear duct scala vestibuli scala tympani
Which events occur during bright light adaptation?
cones gradually adjust pupils constrict rods become inactive
The parasympathetic nervous system controls ______.
contraction
When you go from a bright light environment to a dark environment, you have a slow sensitivity to low light levels. This is called
dark adaptiation
Free nerve endings are terminal branches of ______.
dendrites
What type of receptor is found in the mucous membranes?
exteoceptors
Exteroceptors detect stimuli from the ______ environment.
external
Which is an accessory structure of the eye?
eyebrow
What type of cell is found between the photoreceptors and bipolar cells?
horizontal cells
Rods are essentially nonfunctional in bright light because ______.
in bright light, rhodopsin will bleach as fast as it is reformed
Pain is an example of a ______ sense.
in general
When the photoreceptors stop ____the bipolar cells, the bipolar cells can then release their neurotransmitter that binds to receptors on the ganglion cells.
inhibiting
vitreous
jelly-like mass filling the inner chamber between the lens and retina that gives bulk to the eye
Where are tears created?
lacrimal apparatus
The lacrimal apparatus produces, collects, and drains
lacrimal fluid
Tactile receptors are a type of ______.
mechanoreceptor
A detached retina is more likely to occur if a person is ______.
nearsighted, myopia
avascular
no blood vessels
Olfactory basal cells replace ______.
olfactory cells
Which are cells found in the olfactory epithelium?
olfactory cells supporting cells basal cells
Free nerve endings are usually found in the ______.
papillary layer of the dermis
vascular
pertaining to blood vessels
Most of the eye is ______ the orbit of the skull.
receded into
The area that a receptor cell gathers information from is called the ______.
receptive field
Which structures are part of the vestibular complex?
saccule semicircular ducts utricle
What structure is the "white" of the eye?
sclera
What structure makes up the posterior 5/6 of the fibrous tunic?
sclera
Order these structures from superficial to deep. Start with the outermost structure first.
sclera choroid pigmented neural
Tarsal glands are ______.
sebaceous glands
Receptors for general senses are distributed throughout the ______ and viscera.
skin
Localization and sensitivity are easily determined in a ______ receptive field.
small
Which taste is usually associated with acids in ingested materials.
sour
Optic tracts extend to which structures after they leave the optic chiasm?
superior colliculi the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus
A flattened dendritic disc is a type of unencapsulated receptor called a ______.
tactile disc
What is the most numerous type of receptor?
tactile receptors
Somatic receptors are found within ______
the body wall
detached retina is caused by a separation between which two layers?
the pigmented layer of the retina the neural layer of the retina
Upon exposure to light, the retinal straightens out and reconfigures into a form called
trans-retinal
lens viewing
up close - rounded far away - flattened
Sensory receptors in which structures help monitor and adjust our equilibrium?
utricle saccule semicircular duct
The vascular tunic of the eye is also called the ______.
uvea
What type of papillae is largest and least numerous?
vallate
Which are the types of papillae?
vallate fungiform foliate filiform
The conjunctiva is ______.
vascular
When the bipolar cells release their neurotransmitter, the____ cells propagate a nerve signal along the _____nerve.
ganglion optic
What structure is the dividing line between the anterior and posterior chambers?
iris
the utricle and saccule contain small crystals. What are these crystals called?
otoliths
The segment of each photoreceptor that is composed of hundreds of discs containing photopigments that are capable of absorbing light energy is the
outter segment
Small elevations that can be easily seen on the tongue surface are called ______.
papillae
sclera
white of the eye provides for eye shape is made of dense connective tissue
The outmost layer of the eye is called the ______ tunic.
fibrous
The segment of each photoreceptor that contains organelles for the cell such as mitochondria is the , (cell body)
inner segment
Interoceptors detect stimuli from the body's ______ environment.
internal
A lack of photoreceptors in this structure creates the "blind spot"?
optic disc
The fat surrounding the eye is called
orbital fat
functions of the auditory ossicles?
transmit sounds waves to inner ear amplify sound
The most visible part of the external ear is called the
auricle pinna
Specific types of receptors called_____ detect stimuli in the internal organs.
interoceptors
What type of receptor is found in the smooth muscle of organs?
interoceptors
the cis-retinal, in the process of regeneration, is transported back to the ____where it associates with the opsin and reforms the____
rod rhodopsin
Which are the correct names for the tube that connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx?
auditory tube pharyngotympanic tube eustachian tube
What structure is filled with pigment from melanocytes?
choroid
structures of the eye in order from superficial to deep. Start with the outermost structure first.
choroid photoreceptors horizontal cells bipolar cells
Which are a part of the fibrous tunic?
cornea and sclera
Light rays are refracted or bent when they pass through two media of different ______.
densities
The palpebral conjunctiva ______.
lines the internal surface of the eyelid
Place the auditory ossicles in the order that they occur from lateral to medial.
malleus incus stapes (MIS)
choroid
middle, vascular layer of the eye, between the retina and the sclera, absorbs light
If stimulated over a period of time, ______receptors lose eventually sensitivity.
phasic
What type of receptor can undergo adaptation?
phasic
the process by which photoreceptors become activated when the photopigments are altered by light entering the eye is ______.
phototransduction
each type of photoreceptor has both an outer segment that extends into the____ layer of the retina and an inner segment.
pigmented
Aqueous humor is secreted into the_____ chamber before traveling to the_____ chamber of the eye.
posterior anterior
The dissociation of____ into its two components is called the bleaching reaction.
rhodopsin
Gustation is the sense of
taste
Stretch receptors in the stomach would be classified as what type?
visceral sensory