A&P Ch. 3 Cell Structure and Function
The basic structural units of all plants and animals are.
Cells
The smallest functioning units of life are
Cells
The outer boundary of the intracellular material is called the
Cells membrane
Ions and other small water-soluble materials cross the plasma membrane only by passing through
Channels
If the DNA triplet is TAG, the corresponding condon on the messenger RNA would be
AUC.
All transport through the plasma membrane may be classified as
Active or Passive
The plasma membrane property called selective permeability refers to
Allowing the free passage of some material across the plasma membrane and the restricted passage of others
A protein consists of a sequence of _________bonded together
Amino Acide
Cells are produced only by the division of
Preexisting cells
Membrane proteins may function as
Receptors and Channels Carriers and Enzymes Anchors or Identifiers
The primary function of each cell in the body is to maintain.
Homeostasis
The characteristic that enbles the plasma membrane to act as a selective physical barrier is that
Hydrophobic lipid tails will not associate with water molecules.
If a high-energy bond of ATP provides the energy needed to move ions or molecules across the plasma membrane with the help of a carrier protein, the process is called
active transport.
The phase of mitosis in which two daughter chromosomes are pulled toward opposite ends of the cell is
anaphase.
The intracellular fulid that contains dissolved nutrients, ions, soluble and insoluble proteins, and waste products in the
cytosol.
The specialization process that produces cells to perform specific functions is called
differentiation.
If a solution has the same solute concentration as the cytoplasm and will not cause a net movement of fluid in or out of the cells, the solution is said to be
itonic
The primary comonents of the cytoskeleton that give the cell strength and rigidity, and anchor the positions of major organelles, are the
microtubules.
Vesicles filled with digestive enzymes that perform cleanup and recycling functions within the cells are the
microvilli.
Ions, enzymes, RNA and DNA nucleotides, proteins, and small amonts of DNA and RNA are contained in the
nucleoplasm.
no energy expenditure required
passive processes
The organelles that manufacture proteins, using information provided by the DNA of the nucleus, are the
proteasomes.
The four major functions of the endoplasmic reticulum are
synthesis, transport, storage, and detoxification.
A mass or swelling produced by abnormal cell growth and division is called a tumor, or
neoplasm.
Diffusion is described as the
net movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
The organelle that synthesizes ribosomal RNA and assembles the ribosomal subunits into functional ribosomes is the
nucleolus.
"cell eating"
phagocytosis
"cell drinking"
pinocytosis
The four stages of mitosis in correct sequence are
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase.
The process of translation results in
synthesis of a protein using the information provided by the sequence of codons along the mRNA strand.
There are______chromosomes in the nucleus of a human cell, and these chromosomes consist of ________ made of _______
46; genes; DNA
Describes protein synthesis
DNA transcribes the coded message to RNA; RNA (messenger RNA) exits the nuclear pores; RNA translate the coded message to ribosomes; ribosomes make protein.
If the messenger RNA has the condons CCC CGG UUA, the corresponding transfer RNA anticondons would be
GGG GCC AAU.
A white blood cell engulfing a bacterium illustrates the process of
Phagocytosis
The nuclear pores provide an exit for _______ into the cytosol so it (they) can travel to the ribosomes.
RNA
cellular energy expenditure required
active processes
the major factor that allows the nucleus to control cellular operations is its
ability to communicate chemically through nuclear pores.
Death of cells
apoptosis
The illness that results from mutations that disrupt the control mechanisms that regulate cell growth and division is
cancer.
facilitated diffusion and active transport
carrier-mediated transport
DNA in the nucleus stores instructions for protein synthesis, and the DNA is contained in
chromosomes.
move fluids across cell surfaces
cilia
The end of the process of cell division is marked by the completion of
cytokinesis.
A single cell with all of its genetic potential intact is produced by
fertilization.
When hydrostatic pressure forces water across a membrane passively, the process is called
filtration.
move a cell through surrounding fluid
flagella
The process of transcription involves the
formation of meessenger RNA (mRNA) from DNA.
The process of differentiation, whtich causes cell to have different characteristics, involves
gene activation and deactivation.
The functional units of DNA that contrin the instructions for making one ofr more proteins are the
genes.
During osmosis, water will always flow a membrane toward the solution that has the
higherst concentration of solutes.
sodium-potassium exchage pump
homeostasis
The interval of time between call divisions, when cells perform normal functions, is
interphase.
The RNA that exits the nuclear pores to the cytosol on its way to the ribosomes is called
messenger RNA.
The phase of mitosis in which the chromatids move to a narrow central zone in the cell is called
metaphase.
The migration of malignat cells to distant tissue and organs is called
metastasis
The functions of the Golgi apparatus include
modification, packaging, transport, and renewal.
The mitochondria are small organelles in cells that
provide energy for the cell.
Facilitated diffusion differs from ordinary diffusion in that
receptor sites on carrier proteins are involved.
Whether or not a substance can cross the plasma membrane is based on the substance's
size and electrical charge. molecular shape. lipid solubility.
The process that restricts a cell to performing specific funcions is know as
specialization.
endocytosis and exocytosis
vesicular transport
The main structure of the plasma membrane consists of a
Phospholipid bilayer
The major components of the plasma membrane are
Phospholipids, Proteins, Glycolipids, and Cholesterol.
Physical isolation, sensitivity, structural support, and regulation of exchange with the environment are the primary functions of the
Plasma Membrane