A&P. ch.23.1-23.5

Cells in our body are constantly building new molecules to replace worn-out structures. This process is what part of cellular metabolism?

Anabolism

What happens to a glucose molecule as a result of the reactions of glycolysis?

Formation of two molecules of pyruvic acid

Which process in the aerobic metabolism of glucose takes place in the cytosol?

Glycolysis

Which process in the metabolism of glucose does not require oxygen?

Glycolysis

What happens to oxygen when it functions as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport system?

It becomes part of a water molecule.

What chemical in the catabolism of glucose enters the mitochondria?

Pyruvate

What is the primary role of the citric acid cycle in the production of ATP?

Removal of electrons from substrates

The production of ATP provides energy to support anabolism as well as other cell functions. Which of the following is NOT supported by energy from ATP? Transport of chemicals into and out of the cell Cell division The diffusion of molecules across the plasma membrane. Movement and contraction of muscles

The diffusion of molecules across the plasma membrane.

Metabolism refers to

all the anabolic and catabolic reactions in the body

The first step in the sequence of enzymatic reactions in the tricarboxylic acid cycle is the formation of

citric acid

All the chemical reactions that occur in an organism are called

metabolism

A cell with excess carbohydrates, lipids, and amino acids will break down carbohydrates in order to

obtain energy

In terms of the movement of electrons, the gain of electrons is called reduction, whereas the loss of electrons is called

oxidation

Where in the cell does the electron transport chain occur?

Inner mitochondrial membrane

Which part of the cell is most heavily involved in energetics?

Mitochondria

Where in the cell does the citric acid cycle occur?

Mitochondrial matrix

All nutrients can be used by the mitochondria to provide energy. In what form are these nutrients "fed" into the mitochondria?

Two-carbon fragments

The process that breaks down organic substrates, releasing energy that can be used to synthesize ATP or other high-energy compounds, is

catabolism

During the catabolism of glucose, some energy is captured by __________ molecules, while the rest of the energy is lost mainly as

reduced; heat

For each glucose molecule converted to two pyruvates, the anaerobic reaction sequence in glycolysis provides a net gain of

two ATP for the cell