Chapter 24: The Digestive System

Approximately __________ liters of fluid are secreted by the small intestine each day. -20 -1 -2 -7 -10

2

Mary had her stomach mostly removed to try to overcome obesity. As a result, you would expect Mary to be at risk for -protein malnutrition -diarrhea -abnormal erythropoiesis -dehydration -an ulcer

abnormal erythropoiesis

The functions of the oral cavity include all of the following EXCEPT: -sensory analysis of material before swallowing -digestion of carbohydrates -mechanical processing of food -lubrication -absorption of monosaccharides

absorption of monosaccharides

Functions of the stomach include all of the following EXCEPT -initiation of protein digestion -absorption of triglycerides -denaturation of proteins -storage of ingested food -mechanical breakdown of food

absorption of triglycerides

Absorption of glucose from the gut lumen depends on -cotransporter proteins in the apical membrane of the epithelial cell -higher sodium ion concentration in the lumen than in the epithelial cell -the sodium-potassium pump in the basolateral membrane of the epithelial cell. -sodium-linked cotransport. -All of the answers are correct.

all of the above

During deglutition, -the soft palate elevates -smooth muscle contracts -the larynx elevates and the epiglottis closes -the lower esophageal sphincter opens -all of the answers are correct

all of the answers are correct

Functions of teeth include -clipping -tearing -crushing -cutting -all of the answers are correct

all of the answers are correct

The activities of the digestive system are regulated by -hormones -the contents of the digestive tract -parasympathetic anf sympathetic neurons -intrinsic nerve plexuses -All of the answers are correct

all of the answers are correct

Tony is a chronic alcoholic with cirrhosis of the liver, a condition in which liver cells die and are replaces by connective tissue. Which of the following signs would you expect to observe in Tony? -jaundice -increased clotting time -portal hypertension and ascites -decrease in plasma protein production -all of the answers are correct

all of the answers are correct

If the pancreatic duct was obstructed, you would expect to see elevated blood levels of -amylase -cholecytokinin -bilirubin -gastrin -secretin

amylase

The enzyme that digests starch into disaccharides and trisaccharides is -rennin -lipase -lactase -saccharase -amylase

amylase

A small, wormlike structure attached to the posteromedial surface of the cecum is the -gallbladder -appendix -ileum -pancreas -haustra

appendix

Your patient with liver failure has a firm, rounded abdomen due to accumulation of fluid. This is known clinically as -ascites -hepatitis B -gastritis -cirrhosis -hepatitis C

ascites

Hydrochloric acid from the stomach is neutralized in the small intestine by -water that was ingested with the food -bicarbonate from the pancreas -bile from the liver -trypsin -enzymes from the intestinal crypts

bicarbonate from the pancreas

Each of the following organs is a component of the digestive tract EXCEPT the -pharynx -colon -esophagus -stomach -bladder

bladder

The part of the stomach that functions as a mixing chamber for food and secretions is the -fundus -body -antrum -pylorus -carida

body

To which region of the stomach does the esophagus connect? -cardia -antrum -body -fundus -pylorus

cardia

Which of the following descriptions BEST matches the term cholecystokinin? -carries absorbed sugars and amino acids -stimulates pancreas to secrete bicarbonate-rich fluid -where pancreatic juice and bile enter duodenum -stimulates gastric secretion

causes gallbladder to contract

The pouchlike structure that joins the ileum at the ileocecal valve is the -cecum -haustra -sigmoid colon -appendix -rectum

cecum

The root of a tooth is covered by -dentin -pulp -cementum -enamel -the root canal

cementum

The ________ duct is formed by the union of the cystic duct and the common hepatic duct. -hepatopancreatic -duodenal -pancreatic -gastric -common bile

common bile

The absorption of some sugars in the small intestine involves -phagocytosis -contrasport -pinocytosis -diffusion -osmosis

contrasport

_____________ are also known as canines. -secondary teeth -cuspids -bicuspids -incisors -molars

cuspids

The bulk of each tooth consists of a mineralized matrix similar to that of bone called -cementum -enamel -dentin -periodontium -pulp

dentin

At the splenic flexure, the colon becomes the -sigmoid colon -transverse colon -ascending colon -descending colon -rectum

descending colon

Pancreatic juice enters the small intestine at the -pyloric sphincter -cystic duct -hepatic duct -ileocecal valve -duodenal papilla

duodenal papilla

The pylorus empties into the -jejeunum -cecum -duodenum -ileum -colon

duodenum

Bile salts aid in digestion of fats by ______________ large fat droplets. -anabolizing -emulsifying -binding -dehydrating -combining

emulsifying

The gastric phase of gastric secretion is triggered by the -sight, though, or smell of food -entry of chyme into the small intestine -entry of food into the stomach -entry of chyme into the large intestine -release of cholecystokinin and secretin by the small intestine

entry of food into the stomach

The pancreas has endocrine cells that produce hormones and ____________ cells that produce digestive enzymes. -hepatic -exocrine -gastric -mucosal -smooth muscle

exocrine

Haustra are -the source of colon hormones -compact feces stored in the rectum -expansible pouches of the colon -strips of muscle in the colon -glands in the large intestine that secrete mucus

expansible pouches of the colon

The clinical term for the gas produced by bacteria in the colon as they metabolize indigestible carbohydrates is called -vapors -wind -fumes -flatus -gust

flatus

Sucrose is hydrolyzed by sucrase into glucose and -maltose -fructose -glucose -lactose -galactose

fructose

The portion of the stomach that is superior to the junction between the stomach and the esophagus is the -cardia -antrum -body -fundus -pylorus

fundus

During deglutition, which of the following phases is NOT present? -gastric -esophageal -phartngeal -buccal -They are all present during deglutition

gastric

G cells of the stomach secrete -enteropeptidase -gastrin -pepsin -cholecystokinin -secretin

gastrin

The hormone that stimulates secretion and contraction by the stomach is -gastrin -enteropeptidase -CCK -secretin -cholecystokinin

gastrin

Which of the following contains adipose tissue and provides padding for the anterior and lateral portions of the abdomen? -mesentery proper -diaphragm -lesser omentum -greater omentum -falciform ligament

greater omentum

During the cephalic phase of gastric secretion, -the intestinal reflex inhibits gastric emptying -the stomach responds to distetion -increased production of gastric juice occurs -secretin inhibits parietal and chief cells -production of gastric juice slows down

increased production of gastric juice occurs

A blockage of ducts from the parotid glands would -inhibit the secretion of saliva from other glands -occur when too much protein is ingested -interfere with carbohydrate digestion in the mouth -prevent emulsification of lipids -cause mumps

interfere with carbohydrate digestion in the mouth

Tom has hepatitis, an inflammation of the liver. Which of the following symptoms would you expect to observe in Tom? -jaundice -impaired digestion of protein -elevated levels of blood glucose -blood in the feces -overproduction of blood -plasma albumin

jaundice

The muddle segment of the small intestine is called the -ileum -jejunum -hilum -cecum -duodenum

jejunum

People who lack the enzyme ________ often experience GI upset after consuming milk and other dairy products. -lactase -lipase -maltase -galactase -sucrase

lactase

If digestion of a carbohydrate results in equal amounts of glucose and galactose, this carbohydrate is probably -glycogen -sucrose -lactose -maltose -cellulose

lactose

Which organ is responsible for dehydration and compaction of indigestible materials? -anus -small intestine -esophagus -stomach -large intestine

large intestine

The __________ supports all but 25 cm of the small intestine and provides stability and limited movement. -lesser omentum -falciform ligament -greater omentum -mesentery proper -diaphragm

mesentery proper

Complexes of fatty acids, monoglycerides, and bile salts are called -countertransporters -varicosities -micelles -chylomicrons -vesicles

micelles

Carbohydrate digestion begins in the -stomach -esophagus -ileum -mouth -duodenum

mouth

The lamina propria and muscosa epithelium are components of the -serosa -muscularis mucosa -mucosa -submucosa -adventitia

mucosa

Chief cells secrete -hydrochloric acid -intrinsic factor -gastrin -pepsinogen -mucus

pepsinogen

All of the following are true of the intestinal phase of gastric digestion EXCEPT that it -functions to control the rate of gastric emptying -begins when chyme enters the small intestine -involves both neutral and endocrine reflexes -precedes the gastric phase -helps ensure that the functions of the small intestine proceed with relative efficeincy

precedes the gastric phase

The enzyme pepsin digests -protiens -carbohydrates -vitamins -lipids -nucleic acids

proteins

The region of the stomach that empties into the duodenum is the -fundus -cardia -body -antrum -pylorus

pylorus

Approximately the last 15 cm of the digestive tract is the -sigmoid colon -anus -anal canal -rectum -rectal column

rectum

The stomach secretes the hormone ghrelin which functions to -initiate secretion of gastric juice containing enzymes and acid -stimulate secretion of mucus from submucosal glands -stimulate hunger -regulate the digestion of lipids -inhibit hunger

stimulate hunger

Which of the following descriptions BEST matches the term gastrin? -where pancreatic juice and bile enter duodenum -causes gallbaldder to contract -stimulates gastric secretion -carries absorbed sugars and amino acids -stimulates pancreas to secrete bicarbonate-rich fluid

stimulates gastric secretion

A stratified squamous epithelial lining can be found in all of the following EXCEPT in the -oral cavity -oropharynx -stomach -anal canal -esophagus

stomach

the epithelium lining the oropharynx is -simple columnar -simple cuboidal -stratified squamous -pseudostratified squamous -simple squamous

stratified squamous

Large blood vessels and lymphatics are found in the -adventitia -mucosa -muscularis -serosa -submucosa

submucosa

Sensory nerve cells, parasympathetic ganglia, and sympathetic prosganglionic fibers can be found in the -adventitia -mucosa -serosa -submucosa plexus -lamina propria

submusoca plexus

Muscles known as the pharyngeal constrictors function in -mastication -esophageal peristalsis -opening the cardiac sphincter -swallowing -moving the tongue

swallowing

In the large intestine the wall has three strips of longitudinal muscle called the -musularis mucosa -muscularis externa -haustral bands -muscularis interna -taenia coli

taenia coli

Parietal cells secrete -gastrin -enteropeptidase -hydrochloric acid -pepsinogen -mucus

hydrochloric acid

Identify the INCORRECT pairing. -stomach; has an alkaline lining -esophagus; transports materials to stomach -liver; produces intrinsic factor -pancreas; secretes amylases -gallbladder; store bile

liver; produces intrinsic fator

Distension of the gastric wall leads to secretion of histamines from the lamina propria. This is an example of ___________ response. -muscular -neural -hormonal -local -none of the above

local

The taenia coli are -tears of the colon -longitudinal bands of smooth muscle in the colon wall -polyps that obstruct the sigmoid colon -tumors normally confined in the sigmoid colon -ridges in the mucosa of the colon

longitudinal bands of smooth muscle in the colon wall

Products of fat digestion are transported initially by -the interstitial fluid -lymphatic vessels -veins -the arterioles -capillaries

lymphatic vessels

Maltose is hydrolyzed into monosaccharides by the enzyme -sucrase -dextrase -lactase -maltase -galactase

maltase

Movements unique to the large intestine are ________ movements. -pendular -peristaltic -writhing -segmentation -mass

mass

Digestion refers to the -mechanical breakdown of food -chemical breakdown of food -progressive dehydration of indigestible residue -mechanical and chemical breakdown of food -all of the answers are correct

mechanical and chemical breakdown of food

The esophagus has several variations from the standard plan of the GI tract. These include -epithelium of mucosa is stratified squamous -muscularis externa has some skeletal muscle -epithelium of mucosa is simple columnar and muscularis externa may be striated muscle -epithelium of mucosa is simple columnar -epithelium of mucosa is stratified squamous and simple columnar

muscularis externa has some skeletal muscle

Contraction of the _____________ alters the shape of the intestinal lumen and moves epithelial pleats and folds. -adventitia -mucosa -muscularis mucosa -submucosa -submucosal plexus

muscularis mucosa

Which of the following is NOT a pharyngeal muscle involved in swallowing? -omohyoid -pharyngeal constrictor muscle -palatophartngeus -stylopharyngeus -they are all pharyngeal muscles involved in swallowing

omohyoid

Which of the following is FALSE concerning the process known as cotransport? -molecules can be moved against a concentration gradient -only neutral compounds such as sugars are transported -ATP is not required by the transport protein -more than one molecule or ion is moved through the cell membrane at one time.

only neutral compounds such as sugars are transported

Gastric pits are -acid scars in the esophagus -hollows where proteins are stored -openings into gastric glands -involved in absorption of liquids from the stomach -ridges in the body of the stomach

openings into the gastric glands

Upon swallowing, food moves from the mouth directly into the -sublingual space -oral vestibule -buccal cavity -oral mucosae -oropharynx

oropharynx

Which digestive juice contains enzymes that breakdown carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins? -bile -pancreatic juice -gastric juice -saliva -intestinal juice

pancreatic juice

In most cases, the mumps is a viral infection of the __________ glands. -parotid -submandibular -lingual -mandibular -sublingual

parotid

The defecation reflex involves -parasympathetic nerve control from sacral nerves -sympathetic nerves -conscious control of both the internal and external anal sphincters -relaxation of both the internal and external anal sphincters -relaxation of the ileocecal valve to move feces into the rectum

relaxation of both the internal and external anal sphincters

An enzyme secreted by the gastric mucosa of a newborn that coagulates milk proteins is -rennin -gastrin -pepsin -cholecystokinin -trypsin

rennin

In response to the hormone secretin, the pancreas secretes a fluid -that contains only amylase -rich in mucus -rich in bile -rich in bicarbonate ion -rich in enzymes

rich in bicarbonate ion

In response to the hormone cholecystokinin, the pancreas secretes a fluid -rich in mucus -that contains only amylase -rich in bile -rich in bicarbonate -rich in enzymes

rich in enzymes

The prominent ridges in the lining of the empty stomach are called -villi -cardia -rugae -papillae -plicae

rugae

Which of the following is NOT a function of the tongue? -mechanical processing -passing food across occlusal surfaces -manipulation to assist with chewing -secretion of mucins -all of these are functions of the tounge

secretion of mucins

Which of the following descriptions BEST matches the term submucosal plexus? -sensory neural network -component of mucosa -secretes a watery fluid -coordinates activity of muscularis externa -loose connective tissue layer containing blood vessels

sensory neural network

Which of the following is TRUE regarding lactose intolerance? -the intestinal crypts are not producing the enzyme lactase -the person cannot digest any type of monosaccharide -the stomach produces inadequate amounts of lactase -the enzyme maltase begins to digest lactose -lactose-intolerant infants cannot digest dairy fat and are at risk of starvation

the intestinal crypts are not producing the enzyme lactase

______________ pair(s) of savilary glands secrete into the oral cavity. -three -six to ten -two -four -one

three

At the hepatic flexure, the colon becomes the -sigmoid colon -rectum -transverse colon -ascending colon -descending colon

transverse colon

An enzyme that digests proteins into peptides is -nuclease -trypsin -maltase -lipase -amylase

trypsin

An obstruction of the common bile duct often results in -undigested fat in feces -cirrhosis of the liver -hepatitis -inability to digest protein -a decrease in production of pancreatic juice

undigested fat in the feces

A structure that helps prevent food from entering the pharynx prematurely is the -palatoglossal arch -epiglottis -pharyngeal arch -uvula -palatopharyngeal arch

uvula

Which of the following descriptions BEST matches the term duodenal ampulla? -stimulates pancreas to secrete bicarbonate-rich fluid -causes gallbladder to contract -stimulates gastric secretion -where pancreatic juice and bile enter duodenum -carries absorbed sugars and amino acids

where pancreatic juice and bile enter duodenum