A&P Chapter 11 Connect
The mnemonic PAD-DAB may help you remember the functions of the two of the midpalmar groups of intrinsic hand muscles. Fill in the blanks to complete this mnemonic device. _________ interossei _________ the fingers, while _________ interossei _________ the fingers.
- Palmer & ADduct - Dorsal & ABduct
What are included in the four subgroups of intrinsic hand muscles within the midpalmar group?
-adductor pollicis -lumbricals -palmar interossei -dorsal interossei
Identify the proximal attachments of the pectoralis major.
-costal cartilages of ribs 2-6 -medial clavicle -body of sternum
Muscles that move the pectoral girdle ______.
-elevate or depress the scapula -protract or retract the scapula -rotate the scapula inferiorly or superiorly
Which of the following are functions of the scalene muscles?
-elevation of first and second ribs -flexion of the neck
When the gluteus maximus contracts, the thigh is
-extended -rotated laterally
The functions of the erector spinae muscles include ______.
-extension of vertebral column -lateral flexion of vertebral column -maintenance of posture
Which are forearm muscles in the superficial layer of the posterior compartment?
-extensor digiti minimi -extensor digitorum -extensor carpi ulnaris -extensor carpi radialis longus -extensor carpi radialis brevis
Which are the muscles of the hypothenar group of intrinsic hand muscles?
-flexor digiti minimi brevis -abductor digiti minimi -opponens digiti minimi
Which are the muscles that flex the toes?
-flexor digitorum longus -flexor digitorum brevis -flexor hallucis longus -flexor digiti minimi brevis -flexor hallucis brevis
Identify the proximal attachments of the teres major.
-inferior angle of the scapula -Inferior lateral border of the scapula
Which statements correctly describe the digastric muscle?
-it has two bellies -It depresses the mandible -It attaches to the hyoid
Identify the movements of the glenohumeral joint that occur with contraction of the infraspinatus and teres minor.
-lateral rotation of the arm -adduction of the arm
Which correctly described the actions of the biceps femoris?
-laterally rotates leg -flexes leg
Identify the movements of the glenohumeral joint that occur with contraction of the deltoid.
-medial rotation of the arm -extension of the arm -lateral rotation of the arm -abduction of the arm -flexion of the arm
Which are the muscles that extend and/or pronate the arm at the elbow?
-pronator teres -aconeus -pronator quadratus -triceps brachii
Which are muscles that flex the leg at the knee joint?
-semimembranosus -semitendinosus -sartorius -biceps femoris -gracilis
The anterior thoracic muscles that move the pectoral girdle are the _________, ________, and ________.
-serratus anterior -pectoralis minor -subclavius
Which muscles superiorly rotate the scapula?
-serratus anterior -trapezius
The anterolateral abdominal muscles include
-the external oblique muscle -the internal oblique muscle -the transverses abdominis muscle
What are some terms used in making muscles according to shape?
-trapezius -rhomboid -deltoid
What are the four muscles of the quadriceps group?
-vastus lateralis -vastus intermedius -vastus medialis -rectus femoralis
Match the movement of the hip joint with the muscles responsible for that action. 1. abduction 2. adduction 3. extension
1. gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fasciae latae 2. adductor brevis, adductor longus, adductor Magnus, gracilis, pectineus 3. gluteus maximus, hamstring region of adductor Magnus, long head of the biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus
From lateral to medial, indicate the order of the following erector spinae muscles of the vertebral column.
1. illiocostalis group 2. longissimus group 3. spinalis group
From lateral to medial, the forearm muscles of the superficial layer of the anterior compartment are the _________.
1. pronator teres 2. flexor carpi radialis 3. palmaris longus 4. flexor carpi ulnaris
List the pharyngeal constrictors from innermost to outermost.
1. superior constrictor 2. middle constrictor 3. inferior constrictor
TF the internal intercostals are superficial to the external intercostals.
FALSE
lateral fibers
abduct the arm
The scapula is elevated by contraction of
any and all of the posterior thoracic muscles
synergist
assists the agonist
orbicularis oculi
blinking
diaphragm
broad muscle; separates thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
circular fascicle arrangement
concentrically arranged fibers around an opening
Muscles of respiration are
covered by more superficial muscles that move the upper limb
In general, the infrahyoid muscles function to
depress the hyoid bone
The dome-shaped muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity is the
diaphragm
fibularis tertius
dorsiflexes and weakly everts the foot
The function of the geniohyoid is to
elevate the hyoid bone
palatopharyngeus muscle
elevates pharynx and larynx
levator veli palatini muscle
elevates soft palate when swallowing
Which are the functions of the digastric muscle?
elevating the hyoid bone and depressing the mandible
external intercostals
eleven pairs of oblique fiber between the ribs; project anteroinferiorly
The broad tendon between the frontal and occipitalis muscles is called the ______ aponeurosis.
epicranial
fibularis longus
everts the foot and is a weak plantar flexor
posterior fibers
extend and laterally rotate the arm
Extensor digitorum longus
extends toes 2-5 and dorsiflexes the foot
The common action of the muscles of the anterior compartment collectively called the quadriceps femoris is ______ at the knee joint.
extension of the leg
The muscles that assist the serrates posterior superior muscles in expanding the thoracic cavity, by elevating the ribs, during inhalation are the ______ intercostals.
external
The subclavius inferiorly attaches on the _______ rib and superiorly attaches on the _______.
first; clavicle
anterior fibers
flex and medially rotate the arm
Bilateral contraction of the sternocleidomastoid muscles functions to
flex the neck
Which best summarizes the movements of the glenohumeral joint that occur with contraction of the deltoid?
flexion, abduction, medial rotation and lateral rotation
pharyngeal constrictors
force bolus into esophagus
depressor anguli oris
frowning
convergent fascicle arrangement
have widespread muscle fibers over a broad area that meet on a common attachment site
During inspiration, muscles of respiration _______.
increase the space of the thoracic cavity
transversus thoracis
inferior attachment is costal cartilages 2-6; assist in decreasing diameter of thoracic cavity
As swallowing ends, the anterior neck muscles that contract to influence the position of the hyoid bone and the larynx are the ____ muscles.
infrahyoid
ischiocavernosus
inserts on pubic symphysis; assists in the erection of the clitoris or penis
deep transverse perineal muscle
inserts on the median raphe of the urogenital diaphragm
tibialis anterior
inverts and dorsiflexes the foot
orbicularis oris
kissing
Unilateral contraction of the erector spinae muscles causes _____.
lateral flexion of the vertebral column
The obturator externes is one of the muscles of the ______ compartment of the thigh.
medial
Which category is utilized in the naming of the extensor radials longus muscle?
muscle action
parallel fascicle arrangement
often associated with cylindrical muscles with a central body tendon
Antagonist
opposes the agonist
The _______ is formed by three layers of muscles and associated fasciae.
pelvic diaphragm
The diamond-shape region between lower appendages is called the
perineum
Agonist
prime mover
frontal belly of occipitofrontalis
raising eyebrows
Which muscle extends the leg?
rectus femoris
The rectus absominis muscles of the abdominal wall are enclosed within a fibrous sleeve all the _________ ________ (A), and consist of right and left portions that are united by a vertical fibrous strip called the ______________ (B).
rectus sheath (A) linea alba (B)
At the wrist, the deep fascia of the forearm thickens and forms fibrous bands termed
retinacula
zygomaticus major
smiling
bulbospongiosus muscle
stiffens the clitoris or penis
wind-up of pitch
subscapularis
superficial transverse perineal muscle
supports pelvic organs; originates from the rays of the ischium
delivery of pitch
supraspinatus
tensor veli palatini muscle
tenses soft palate and opens auditory tubes when swallowing or yawning
platysma
tensing skin of neck
follow-through: slows the arm after the pitch is thrown
teres minor
The pelvic diaphragm extends from the ossa coxae to
the sacrum and coccyx
The scapula is depressed by contraction of
the trapezius and pectoralis minor
pennate fascicle arrangement
these fascicles are arranged at an oblique angle to the tendon
serrates posterior inferior
thin intermediate back muscle; splits into four separate muscle segments
The muscles that invert the foot are the
tibialis anterior and tibialis posterior
Which muscles of the abdominal wall forms the deepest muscle sheet?
transversus abdominis
Unilateral contraction of the splenius cervicis, semispinalis capitis, and longissimus capitis causes
turning of the head
TF the fibularis muscles are very powerful evertors of the foot and weak dorsi flexors.
FALSE
TF All anterior muscles that move the pectoral girdle are deep to other thoracic muscles.
TRUE
TF The tensor fasciae latae is a muscle in the lateral thigh compartment.
TRUE
Why is the forearm larger near the elbow than it is near the wrist?
The bellies of the forearm muscles that move the wrist are located near the elbow; the tendons of these muscles extend toward the wrist.
the muscles of mastication are innervated by the mandibular division of the _____ cranial nerve.
V
The ______ muscles of the anterior neck are associated with the floor of the mouth.
suprahyoid
The muscles of the anterior neck that are superior to the hyoid bone are called _______.
suprahyoid muscles
With regard to extension of the arm, the latissimus dorsi is an agonist; with regard to adducting and medially rotating the arm, this muscles is a(n)
synergist
Which muscle compresses the cheek against the teeth, as in chewing, when it contracts?
the buccinator muscle
The dorsal group of intrinsic foot muscles contain _______.
the extensor hallucis brevis
Which muscle attaches to the anteroinferior part of the sclera and pulls the eye inferiorly, as in looking down?
the inferior rectus muscle
Which muscle elevates and protracts the mandible during mastication?
the masseter muscle
Which muscle attaches to the lower lip and protrudes the lower lip, as in pouting, when it contracts?
the mentalis muscle
Which muscle elevates and retracts the tongue when it contracts?
the styloglossus muscle
Which muscle attaches to the posterolateral part of the eye, depresses the eye and turns the eye laterally when it contracts?
the superior oblique muscle
The muscles that retract the scapula are the
trapezius and rhomboids (minor and major)
The levator scapulae ______.
-is superior to the rhomboids (minor and major) -Is a posterior thoracic muscle -Is deep to the trapezius
The term mastication refers to the process of
chewing
Which of the following is an example of a convergent muscle?
pectoralis major
The _____ is commonly called the throat.
pharynx
Identify the location of the triceps brachii.
posterior arm
To locate the tires major, where would you look?
posterior of body, inferior to rotator cuff muscles
The genioglossus muscle acts to ______ the tongue.
protract
middle fibers
retract scapula
Contraction of the deep muscles of the gluteal region results in
rotation of the thigh
The overall, general function of all the muscles of the rotator cuff is to
stabilize the glenohumeral joint
Superior fibers
superiorly rotate scapula
Which muscle of the posterior forearm compartment performs a function unlike that of all the others?
supinator
In addition to its role in the compartmentalization of the thigh, the fasciae latae
supports and binds the thigh muscles
Identify the movements of the glenohumeral joint that occur with contraction of the coracobrachialis.
-adduction of the arm -flexion of the arm
Which are the muscles of the posterior thigh, commonly referred to collectively as the "hamstrings"
-biceps femoris -semitendinosus -semimembranosus
Functions of the trapezius muscle include
-depress scapula -extension of the head and neck -movement of the pectoral girdle -retract scapula -elevate scapula
Which of the following best describes the actions of the subclavius?
-depresses the clavicle -stabilizes the clavicle
In general, muscles in the anterior compartment of the thigh tend to
-extend the leg at the knee joint -flex the thigh at the hip joint
Identify the movements of the glenohumeral joint that occur with contraction of the triceps brachii (long head).
-extension of the arm -adduction of the arm
Identify the actions provided by the contraction of the triceps brachii.
-extension of the humerus -adduction of the humerus -extension of the forearm
Extrinsic muscles of the wrist and hand ________.
-flex or extend in the hand -originate in the forearm -flex or extend the thumb and fingers
In general, muscles in the medical compartment of the thigh tend to
-flex the leg at the knee joint -adduct the thigh at the hip joint
in general, muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh tend to
-flex the leg at the knee joint -extend the thigh at the hip joint
Identify the movements of the glenohumeral joint that occur with contraction of the pectorals major.
-flexion of the arm -adduction of the arm -medial rotation of the arm
Identify the actions provided by contraction of the biceps brachii.
-flexion of the humerus -supination of the forearm -flexion of the forearm
Contraction of the medial muscles of the thigh results in
-flexion of the thigh -lateral rotation of the thigh -adduction of the thigh -extension of the thigh
Which of the following are the muscles of the gluteal group of the posterior thigh?
-gluteus medius -gluteus minimus -gluteus maximus
The actions of muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg include
-inversion of the foot -extension of the toes -eversion of the foot -dorsiflexion of the foot
What happens to the scapula when the levator scapulae contracts?
-it is elevated -It is rotated, inferiorly
Which muscles move the glenohumeral joint and originate on the axial skeleton?
-latissimus dorsi -pectoralis major
Identify the movements of the glenohumeral joint that occur with contraction of the teres major.
-medial rotation of the arm -adduction of the arm -extension of the arm
Which are functions of the medial and lateral pterygoid muscles?
-move the mandible side to side during chewing -protract the mandible
What are some terms used in naming muscles according to orientation of fascicles?
-oblique -rectus
Compartments in the forearm contain muscles with similar
-origins -actions at the wrist joint
Contraction of the pectoralis minor
-protracts the scapula -depresses the scapula
Contraction of the minor and major rhomboids results in which of the following movements of the scapula?
-retraction -elevation -rotation, inferiorly
Which of the following are posterior thoracic muscles that move the pectoral girdle?
-rhomboid major -rhomboid minor -trapezius -levator scapulae
When the tensor fasciae latae contracts, the thigh is ________.
-rotated medially -abducted
Contraction of the superficial muscles in the gluteal region results in
-rotation of the thigh -extension of the thigh -abduction of the thigh
The serrates anterior
-superiorly rotates the scapula -stabilizes the scapula
Which of the following is/are functions of the intrinsic muscles of the foot?
-support the arches -abduct and adduct the toes -flex and extend the toes
Which of the following are considered muscles of mastication?
-the masseter muscle -the medial pterygoid muscle -the lateral pterygoid muscle -the temporalis muscle
Which muscles extend the forearm?
-triceps brachii -anconeus
Muscles that move the knee joint
-within each compartment have similar actions on the knee joint -are separated into anatomical compartments by deep fascia
Place the posterior forearm muscles in the superficial layer in order from lateral to medial; remember you must recall the position of the arm in the anatomical position in order to get the order of the muscles correct.
1. extensor carpi radialis longus 2. extensor carpi radialis brevis 3. extensor digitorum 4. extensor digiti minimi 5. extensor carpi ulnaris
The posterior compartment of the forearm consists of a total of _____ muscles distributed between ______ layers.
10; superficial and deep
Which cranial nerve innervates the superior oblique muscle?
IV
When the triceps brachii extends the elbow, its action is considered to be that of which of the following?
agonist
Anatomically, muscles that move the pectoral girdle are classified as
anterior or posterior thoracic
Which of the following identifies the compartments of the thigh?
anterior, posterior, lateral, medial
Identify the location of the brachioradialis.
anterolateral forearm
The inferior attachments of the muscles that move the head and neck are the
bones of the vertebral column
Which type of muscle has a widespread muscle fibers over a broad area that collect themselves onto a common attachment site?
convergent muscles
inferior fibers
depress scapula
The muscles of the thenar and hypothenar group form fleshy masses, each called a(n) _________, a term given to a circumscribed area raised above the general level of the surrounding surface.
eminence
The posterior compartment of the forearm contains muscles that ______ the wrist, the metacarpophalangeal joints, and interphalangeal joints.
extends
Contraction of gluteal muscles results in
extension of the thigh
Which of the following summarizes the movements of the glenohumeral joint that occur with contraction of the latissimus dorsi?
extension, adduction, medial rotation
Which muscles end in the suffix -glossus, meaning tongue?
extrinsic tongue muscles
The anterolateral neck muscles function to
flex the head and neck
when the iliacus contracts, the thigh is _____
flexed
Contraction of the long head of the biceps brachii results in a single type of movement of the glenohumeral joint: what type of movement is this?
flexion of the arm
Identify the single muscle of the intermediate layer in the anterior compartment of the forearm.
flexor digitorum superficialis
Many parallel muscles are cylindrical with an expanded central region called a
gaster or body
Which muscle is used to protract the tongue?
genioglossus muscle
in addition to the compartments, muscles in two other groups move the hip joint/thigh, the _______
gluteal group and deep muscles of the gluteal region
Which correctly describes the location of the pectoralis minor?
it is deep to the pectoralis major
Which of the following best describes the location of the serrates anterior?
it is located between the anterior surface of the ribs and the anterior surface of the scapula
Which of the following compartments contains one or more muscles that move the hip joint but not the knee joint?
lateral
In addition to extending the thigh, the biceps femoris rotates the thigh ________ whereas the semimembranosus and semitendinosus rotate the thigh.
laterally; medially
The prime mover of the extension of the arm is the
latissimus dorsi
The prime movers of the glenohumeral joint are the
latissimus dorsi and pectoralis major
Which muscle adducts the eye?
medial rectus
The sternocleidomastoid muscle gets its name from which category for naming muscles?
muscle attachments
Which category is utilized in the naming of the deltoid muscle?
muscle shape
What is the superior attachment for the muscles that move the head and neck?
on the bones of the cranium
Which of the following is considered a circular muscle?
orbicularis oris
The vagus nerve innervates which extrinsic tongue muscle?
palatoglossus muscle
The prime mover of the flexion of the arm is the
pectoralis major
