A&P Chapter 11 Fundamentals of the Nervous System, 11.2 Neuroglia support and maintain neurons
neuroglia
Make up about half the mass of the brain
astrocytes
Which type of neuroglia controls the extracellular fluid environment around neuron cell bodies in the CNS?
satellite cells
Which type of neuroglia controls the extracellular fluid environment around neuron cell bodies in the PNS?
astrocytes
most abundant and versatile glial cells
microglial
Which of the neuroglia phagocytizes dead neurons?
Schwann cells
Also called neurolemmocytes
astrocytes
Cling to neurons and their synaptic endings, and cover nearby capillaries
10 to 1
How much do neuroglia outnumber neurons?
Slow-paced intracellular calcium pulses
How to astrocytes signal each other?
astrocytes, microglial, ependymal and oligodendrocytes
Name the 4 types of neuroglia of the CNS.
satellite cells and Schwann cells
Name the neuroglia of the PNS
Schwann cells
Neuroglia in the PNS vital to regeneration of damaged peripheral nerve fibers.
Schwann cells
Neuroglia in the PNS with similar functions to oligodendrocytes in the CNS.
satellite cells
Neuroglia of the PNS, thought to have many of same functions as astrocytes do in the CNS?
oligodendrocytes
Neuroglia that wrap processes tightly around thicker nerve fibers in CNS - produce an insulating covering called a myelin sheath.
neuroglia
Smaller in size and darker-staining nuclie
astrocyte
Support and brace the neurons and anchor them to nutrient supply lines
Schwann cells
Surround all nerve fibers in the PNS and form myelin sheaths around the thicker nerve fibers.
Astrocytes, microglial cells, ependymal cells, oligodendrocytes
What are the neuroglia in the CNS?
1 Radiating processes cling to neurons and their synaptic endings, and cover nearby capillaries. 2. Support and brace the neurons and anchor them to their nutrient supply lines. 3. Astrocytes play a role in making exchanges between capillaries and neurons, helping determine capillary permeability. 4. Guide the migration of young neurons and formation of synapses (junctions) between neurons. 5. Control the chemical environment around neurons, where most important job is mopping up leaked potassium ions and recapturing and recycling released neurotransmitters. 6. Respond to nearby nerve impulses and released neurotransmitters.
What do astrocytes do?
ependymal cells
What lines the central cavities of the brain and the spinal cord of the neuroglia?
microglial cells
Which of the neuroglia are small and ovoid with relatively long thorny processes.
ependymal cells
Which of the neuroglia can change shape from squamous to columnar and many are ciliated?