A&P Chapter 19 Heart & Cardiovascular Function
Pacemaker cells in the SA node
GENERATE ACTION POTENTIALS THAT SPREAD TO THE MYOCARDIUM
The pulmonary veins carry blood to the:
HEART
The space between the pleural cavities containing only the heart, great vessels ,thymus, trachea, and esophagus is called:
MEDIASTINUM
Heart rate is controlled by neurons of the cardiovascular center located in the:
MEDULLA OBLONGATA
The muscle layer of the heart is the :
MYOCARDIUM
Acetylcholine slows the heart because it
OPENS POTASSIUM ION CHANNELS IN SA NODE CELLS AND CAUSES THE PACEMAKER POTENTIAL TO DEPOLARIZE MORE SLOWLY
As blood travels from the arteries to veins,
PRESSURE DROPS
Blood leaves the right ventricle by passing through the:
PULMONARY VALVE
If a patient's tricuspid valve was leaking during systole, what would happen?
REGURGITATION INTO THE RIGHT ATRIUM
During the T wave of the electrocardiogram, the ventricles are:
REPOLARIZING
The pulmonary semilunar valve prevents backward flow into the:
RIGHT VENTRICLE
As a result of the long refractory period in the cardiac action potential cardiac muscle CANNOT exhibit:
TETANY
If the connection between the SA node and AV node becomes blocked,
THE VENTRICLES WILL BEAT MORE SLOWLY
Blood flowing into the heart from the venae cavae flows next through the _____ valve.
TRICUSPID
Blood pressure is lowest in the:
VEINS.
The amount of blood returning to the heart is:
VENOUS RETURN
The relaxation phase of the lower chambers of the heart is called:
VENTRICULAR DIASTOLE
The phase in the cardiac cycle when the mitral valve is closed and the aortic valve is open is the:
VENTRICULAR EJECTION OF VENTRICULAR SYSTOLE
When the left ventricle contracts, the distance from the apex to the base :
DECREASES
Which of the following would have the GREATER effect on vascular resistance?
DECREASING THE DIAMETER OF A BLOOD VESSEL BY 1/2.
The P wave of the electrocardiogram is a signal from:
DEPOLARIZATION OF THE ATRIA
Which of the following is a characteristic of cardiovascular regulation?
ALL CORRECT (BLOOD FLOW THROUGH TISSUES MEETS THE DEMAND FOR NUTRIENTS, CHANGES OCCUR WITHOUT DRASTICALLY ALTERING BLOOD PRESSURE, BLOOD FLOW CHANGES TO MATCH TISSUE RESPONSES, BLOOD FLOW THROUGH TISSUES MEETS THE DEMAND FOR OXYGEN.
During exercise,:
ALL CORRECT (BOTH CARDIAC OUTPUT AND STROKE VOLUME INCREASE, VASODILATION OCCURS AT THE ACTIVE SKELETAL MUSCLES, VENOUS RETURN INCREASES)
Which of the following would INCREASE heart rate:
ALL CORRECT (FASTER DEPOLARIZATION OF THE PACEMAKER POTENTIAL, INCREASED SYMPATHETIC STIMULATION OF SA NODE, INCREASED LEVELS OF NOREPINEPHRINE AND/OR EPINEPHRINE, & DECREASED PARASYMPATHETIC STIMULATION OF NODAL FIBERS.
Materials can move across capillary walls by:
ALL CORRECT (FILTRATION, REABSORPTION, DIFFUSION)
CARDIAC OUTPUT IS INCREASED BY
ALL CORRECT (INCREASED END-DIASTOLIC VOLUME, MORE SYMPATHETIC STIMULATION, INCREASED STROKE VOLUME)
Arteriosclerosis can lead to:
ALL CORRECT (STROKE, HYPERTENSION, CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE)
Stroke volume depends on:
ALL CORRECT (THE CONTRACTILITY OF THE VENTRICLE, THE PRESSURE REQUIRED TO PUMP BLOOD INTO THE AORTA, END-DIASTOLIC VOLUME)
The wall of the left ventricle is thicker than the right because:
ALL CORRECT (THE LEFT VENTRICLE DOES MORE WORK THAN THE RIGHT, THE L. VENTRICLE PRODUCES A HIGHER PRESSURE THAN THE R, THE L VENTRICLE PUMPS AGAINST GREATER RESISTANCE THAN THE R. )
The inferior point of the heart is called the:
APEX
The earlike extension of the atrium is the:
AURICLE
During ventricular systole, the:
AV valves are closed.
The vascular pressure that declines from roughly 35 mm Hg to about 18 mm Hg is the:
CAPILLARY HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE
The great and middle cardiac veins drain blood into the:
CORONARY SINUS
In cardiac muscle, calcium ions
ENTER THE CELL THROUGH SLOW ION CHANNELS
The visceral pericardium is the same as the:
EPICARDIUM
Stimulation of the aortic baroreceptors results in:
INCREASED ACTIVITY BY THE PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
Each of the following changes will result in increased blood flow to a tissue EXCEPT:
INCREASED HEMOTACRIT
The left border of the heart is formed by the:
LEFT ATRIUM & LEFT VENTRICLE
The circumflex branch and the anterior interventricular artery are branches of the:
LEFT CORONARY ARTERY
The pulmonary arteries carry blood to the:
LUNGS
The coronary sulcus is a groove that:
MARKS THE BORDER BETWEEN THE ATRIA AND VENTRICLES
