A&P Chapter 19 Heart & Cardiovascular Function

Pacemaker cells in the SA node

GENERATE ACTION POTENTIALS THAT SPREAD TO THE MYOCARDIUM

The pulmonary veins carry blood to the:

HEART

The space between the pleural cavities containing only the heart, great vessels ,thymus, trachea, and esophagus is called:

MEDIASTINUM

Heart rate is controlled by neurons of the cardiovascular center located in the:

MEDULLA OBLONGATA

The muscle layer of the heart is the :

MYOCARDIUM

Acetylcholine slows the heart because it

OPENS POTASSIUM ION CHANNELS IN SA NODE CELLS AND CAUSES THE PACEMAKER POTENTIAL TO DEPOLARIZE MORE SLOWLY

As blood travels from the arteries to veins,

PRESSURE DROPS

Blood leaves the right ventricle by passing through the:

PULMONARY VALVE

If a patient's tricuspid valve was leaking during systole, what would happen?

REGURGITATION INTO THE RIGHT ATRIUM

During the T wave of the electrocardiogram, the ventricles are:

REPOLARIZING

The pulmonary semilunar valve prevents backward flow into the:

RIGHT VENTRICLE

As a result of the long refractory period in the cardiac action potential cardiac muscle CANNOT exhibit:

TETANY

If the connection between the SA node and AV node becomes blocked,

THE VENTRICLES WILL BEAT MORE SLOWLY

Blood flowing into the heart from the venae cavae flows next through the _____ valve.

TRICUSPID

Blood pressure is lowest in the:

VEINS.

The amount of blood returning to the heart is:

VENOUS RETURN

The relaxation phase of the lower chambers of the heart is called:

VENTRICULAR DIASTOLE

The phase in the cardiac cycle when the mitral valve is closed and the aortic valve is open is the:

VENTRICULAR EJECTION OF VENTRICULAR SYSTOLE

When the left ventricle contracts, the distance from the apex to the base :

DECREASES

Which of the following would have the GREATER effect on vascular resistance?

DECREASING THE DIAMETER OF A BLOOD VESSEL BY 1/2.

The P wave of the electrocardiogram is a signal from:

DEPOLARIZATION OF THE ATRIA

Which of the following is a characteristic of cardiovascular regulation?

ALL CORRECT (BLOOD FLOW THROUGH TISSUES MEETS THE DEMAND FOR NUTRIENTS, CHANGES OCCUR WITHOUT DRASTICALLY ALTERING BLOOD PRESSURE, BLOOD FLOW CHANGES TO MATCH TISSUE RESPONSES, BLOOD FLOW THROUGH TISSUES MEETS THE DEMAND FOR OXYGEN.

During exercise,:

ALL CORRECT (BOTH CARDIAC OUTPUT AND STROKE VOLUME INCREASE, VASODILATION OCCURS AT THE ACTIVE SKELETAL MUSCLES, VENOUS RETURN INCREASES)

Which of the following would INCREASE heart rate:

ALL CORRECT (FASTER DEPOLARIZATION OF THE PACEMAKER POTENTIAL, INCREASED SYMPATHETIC STIMULATION OF SA NODE, INCREASED LEVELS OF NOREPINEPHRINE AND/OR EPINEPHRINE, & DECREASED PARASYMPATHETIC STIMULATION OF NODAL FIBERS.

Materials can move across capillary walls by:

ALL CORRECT (FILTRATION, REABSORPTION, DIFFUSION)

CARDIAC OUTPUT IS INCREASED BY

ALL CORRECT (INCREASED END-DIASTOLIC VOLUME, MORE SYMPATHETIC STIMULATION, INCREASED STROKE VOLUME)

Arteriosclerosis can lead to:

ALL CORRECT (STROKE, HYPERTENSION, CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE)

Stroke volume depends on:

ALL CORRECT (THE CONTRACTILITY OF THE VENTRICLE, THE PRESSURE REQUIRED TO PUMP BLOOD INTO THE AORTA, END-DIASTOLIC VOLUME)

The wall of the left ventricle is thicker than the right because:

ALL CORRECT (THE LEFT VENTRICLE DOES MORE WORK THAN THE RIGHT, THE L. VENTRICLE PRODUCES A HIGHER PRESSURE THAN THE R, THE L VENTRICLE PUMPS AGAINST GREATER RESISTANCE THAN THE R. )

The inferior point of the heart is called the:

APEX

The earlike extension of the atrium is the:

AURICLE

During ventricular systole, the:

AV valves are closed.

The vascular pressure that declines from roughly 35 mm Hg to about 18 mm Hg is the:

CAPILLARY HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE

The great and middle cardiac veins drain blood into the:

CORONARY SINUS

In cardiac muscle, calcium ions

ENTER THE CELL THROUGH SLOW ION CHANNELS

The visceral pericardium is the same as the:

EPICARDIUM

Stimulation of the aortic baroreceptors results in:

INCREASED ACTIVITY BY THE PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

Each of the following changes will result in increased blood flow to a tissue EXCEPT:

INCREASED HEMOTACRIT

The left border of the heart is formed by the:

LEFT ATRIUM & LEFT VENTRICLE

The circumflex branch and the anterior interventricular artery are branches of the:

LEFT CORONARY ARTERY

The pulmonary arteries carry blood to the:

LUNGS

The coronary sulcus is a groove that:

MARKS THE BORDER BETWEEN THE ATRIA AND VENTRICLES