A&P Chapter 8
Supination
A movement that turned the palm upward
External Rotation
Bones spins away from body's midline
Synarthroses
Immovable joints
Osteoarthritis
Results from wear and tear, and a common effect of aging
Pronation
A movement that turns the palm downward
Pivot Joint
A projection from one bone articulates with a ring shaped socket of another bone allowing the bones to rotate or pivot. Joint formed by first and second vertebrae
Articular cartilage
A thin layer of Hyaline Cartilage covers the bone services. In combination with synovial fluid to permit friction free movement
Rheumatoid arthritis
An auto immune disease in which the bodies antibodies attack the synovial membranes, leading to do the degeneration. Overtime destroys synovial membrane and calcifies the joint causing pain and joint deformity. No cure.
ACL
Anterior cruciate ligament; ligament that runs across knee joint and helps keep knee from hyper extending
Sacroiliac joint
Articulation of sacrum and iliac bones
Temporomandibular joint
Articulation of temporal bone in skull and mandible bone
Tibiofemoral joint
Articulation of tibia and femur bone
Meniscus
Cartilage that absorbs shock in the knee joint
Condyloid joint
Distal end of the radius with the carpal bones of the wrist
Eversion
Foot movement that turns the sole laterally away from the other foot
Inversion
Foot movement that turns the sole medially toward the other foot
Rotator cuff
Found in shoulder
Joint cartilage
Found in some joints
Saddle joint
Found only in the thumb
Synovial joints
Freely movable joint; most numerous and versatile of all body's joints
Diarthroses
Freely movable joints
Arthritis
Inflamation of joint
Flexion
Involves bending a joint so as to decrease the angle of the joint
Plantar flexion
Involves moving the toes or foot downward
Dorsiflexion
Involves moving the toes or foot upward
Gliding joints
Joint in which 2 joints glide over each other. Tarsal bones of ankle
Hinge joint
Joints that allow only back-and-forth movement. Example Elbow
Articulations
Joints; points where the bones meet
Fibrous joints
Made of collagen fibers from one bone that penetrate the adjacent bone anchoring the bones in place
Abduction
Movement of body part away from the midline of the body
Adduction
Movement of body part toward the midline of the body
Retraction
Moves a part backward
Protraction
Moves a part forward
Circumduction
Moving distal end of appendage in a circle
Internal Rotation
Occurs when a bone spins towards the body's midline
PCL
Posterior cruciate ligament; ligament that runs across knee joint and help limit sideways motion
Arthroscopy
Procedure where joint is viewed and repaired through the use of a pencil-thin, tube-like instrument called an arthroscope
Joint capsule
Sheet of connective tissue that encloses a joint cavity of synovial joint
Ball and socket joint
Shoulder and hip joints
Amphiarthroses
Slightly movable joint
Bursae
Small sack filled with fluid to facilitate movement and is friction
Extension
Straightening a joint increasing the angle between the bones
Arthoplasty
Surgical procedure that replaces a disease joint with an artificial device or prosthesis
Hyper-Extention
The extreme extension of a joint beyond it's normally straight position
Ligaments
Tough cords of connective tissue helps find bones more firmly together
Cartilaginous joints
Two bones are joined by cartilage
Symphysis
Two pubic portions of the os coxae are joined by a pad of cartilage
Synovial fluid
Viscous, lubricate the joint nourishes the Cartilage and contains phagocytes to remove debris
Synovial membrane
Wet, slippery membrane inside the joint capsule, where it secretes synovial fluid
Collateral ligaments
ligaments that run alongside the knee that keep the knee from rotating when the joint is extended