A&P Chapter 8

Supination

A movement that turned the palm upward

External Rotation

Bones spins away from body's midline

Synarthroses

Immovable joints

Osteoarthritis

Results from wear and tear, and a common effect of aging

Pronation

A movement that turns the palm downward

Pivot Joint

A projection from one bone articulates with a ring shaped socket of another bone allowing the bones to rotate or pivot. Joint formed by first and second vertebrae

Articular cartilage

A thin layer of Hyaline Cartilage covers the bone services. In combination with synovial fluid to permit friction free movement

Rheumatoid arthritis

An auto immune disease in which the bodies antibodies attack the synovial membranes, leading to do the degeneration. Overtime destroys synovial membrane and calcifies the joint causing pain and joint deformity. No cure.

ACL

Anterior cruciate ligament; ligament that runs across knee joint and helps keep knee from hyper extending

Sacroiliac joint

Articulation of sacrum and iliac bones

Temporomandibular joint

Articulation of temporal bone in skull and mandible bone

Tibiofemoral joint

Articulation of tibia and femur bone

Meniscus

Cartilage that absorbs shock in the knee joint

Condyloid joint

Distal end of the radius with the carpal bones of the wrist

Eversion

Foot movement that turns the sole laterally away from the other foot

Inversion

Foot movement that turns the sole medially toward the other foot

Rotator cuff

Found in shoulder

Joint cartilage

Found in some joints

Saddle joint

Found only in the thumb

Synovial joints

Freely movable joint; most numerous and versatile of all body's joints

Diarthroses

Freely movable joints

Arthritis

Inflamation of joint

Flexion

Involves bending a joint so as to decrease the angle of the joint

Plantar flexion

Involves moving the toes or foot downward

Dorsiflexion

Involves moving the toes or foot upward

Gliding joints

Joint in which 2 joints glide over each other. Tarsal bones of ankle

Hinge joint

Joints that allow only back-and-forth movement. Example Elbow

Articulations

Joints; points where the bones meet

Fibrous joints

Made of collagen fibers from one bone that penetrate the adjacent bone anchoring the bones in place

Abduction

Movement of body part away from the midline of the body

Adduction

Movement of body part toward the midline of the body

Retraction

Moves a part backward

Protraction

Moves a part forward

Circumduction

Moving distal end of appendage in a circle

Internal Rotation

Occurs when a bone spins towards the body's midline

PCL

Posterior cruciate ligament; ligament that runs across knee joint and help limit sideways motion

Arthroscopy

Procedure where joint is viewed and repaired through the use of a pencil-thin, tube-like instrument called an arthroscope

Joint capsule

Sheet of connective tissue that encloses a joint cavity of synovial joint

Ball and socket joint

Shoulder and hip joints

Amphiarthroses

Slightly movable joint

Bursae

Small sack filled with fluid to facilitate movement and is friction

Extension

Straightening a joint increasing the angle between the bones

Arthoplasty

Surgical procedure that replaces a disease joint with an artificial device or prosthesis

Hyper-Extention

The extreme extension of a joint beyond it's normally straight position

Ligaments

Tough cords of connective tissue helps find bones more firmly together

Cartilaginous joints

Two bones are joined by cartilage

Symphysis

Two pubic portions of the os coxae are joined by a pad of cartilage

Synovial fluid

Viscous, lubricate the joint nourishes the Cartilage and contains phagocytes to remove debris

Synovial membrane

Wet, slippery membrane inside the joint capsule, where it secretes synovial fluid

Collateral ligaments

ligaments that run alongside the knee that keep the knee from rotating when the joint is extended