A&P final

Which of the following is NOT considered a small molecule neurotransmitter?

Endophins

This is defined as a group of cells that work together to perform a particular function.

Tissue

The main function of mitochondria is to

Generate ATP

Which of the following bone markings on the scapula is an indentation into which the head of the humerus fits?

Glenoid cavitiy

Catechol-O-methyltransferase is an enzyme that performs which of the following functions in the ANS?

Inactivates norepinephrine in a synapse

When a person's body becomes too warm, how does the integumentary system work with other body systems to maintain homeostasis?

Increased secretion of perspiration helps cool the body.

During this phase of cell division, organelles duplicate and centrosome replication begins.

Interphase

Which of the following is NOT a type of channel used in production of electrical signals in neurons?

Ion-gated channel

This type of lipid is the body's primary long-term energy storage molecule.

Triglyceride

Which of the vertebrae listed below would be the largest and strongest vertebra in adult humans?

L4

Which of following organelles is a common site of protein synthesis in neurons?

Nissl body

This region of the brain contains pneumotaxic and apneustic areas that help control respiration.

Pons

Which disorder is characterized by the digits becoming ischemic after exposure to cold or emotional stress?

Raynaud's phenomenon

A solution with a pH value less than 7 is

acidic

Which of the following skin disorders involves inflammation of sebaceous glands caused by bacteria which thrive in the lipid-rich sebum?

acne

The number of protons in an atom is represented by an element's

atomic number

Which of the following is a term used to describe a decrease in the size of cells within a tissue or organ that ultimately results in reduction in the overall size of the tissue or organ?

atrophy

Calcium is involved in all of the following important bodily functions EXCEPT

being the primary cation that regulates osmotic balance in cells

Which of the following muscles is NOT part of the quadriceps femoris muscle group?

biceps femoris

A total hip replacement involves replacing

both the acetabulum and the head of the femur.

The process of keratinization involves

cells accumulating a tough fibrous protein that helps protect the skin.

A condition NOT regulated by a negative feedback loop would be:

childbirth

Goose bumps are caused by

contraction of arrector pili muscles.

This type of chemical bond involves the sharing of valence electrons between two atoms.

covalent

Microfilaments, intermediate filaments and microtubules are all components

cytoskeleton

This type of chemical reaction breaks larger reactants into smaller products.

decomposition

This is the shaft of a long bone.

diaphysis

This special movement occurs when you bend your foot at the ankle in the direction of the foot's superior surface as would occur when you stand on your heels.

dorsiflexion

Which of the three spinal meninges is the most superficial?

dura mater

The brain and spinal cord develop from the ______ neural tube.

ectodermal

This is the structure of a feedback system that receives output from the control center.

effector

This type of lipid is involved in blood clotting.

eicosanoids

A chemical that can conduct electrical current when dissolved in water is called a

electrolyte

This layer of the skin is composed of a keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.

epidermis

Which of the following is NOT a connective tissue?

epidermis

During adulthood, which of the following does NOT significantly contribute to bone remodeling and growth?

epinephrine

The epiphyseal plate in a long bone is an example of this type of joint.

epiphyseal cartilage

If one is stabbed on the lateral side of the abdomen, what abdominal muscles, in order from superior to deep, will the knife go through?

external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis

What are the nonpolar parts of phospholipids?

fatty acid tail groups

An opening or hole in a bone through which blood vessels, nerves and ligaments pass is called a

foramen

Which of the following is a polysaccharide commonly found in the ground substance of connective tissues?

hyaluronic acid

Which of the following is a term used to describe an increase in the size of a tissue that is the result of an increase in the size, not number, of cells in that tissue?

hypertrophy

Which the following regions of the brain serve as the major control and integration center of the ANS?

hypothalamus

The stratum lucidum

is present only in thick skin.

Which condition is due to a buildup of bilirubin pigment in the skin?

jaundice

This is fine nonpigmented hair that covers the body of the fetus.

lanugo

In an isometric contraction the muscle develops tension but does not

lengthen

In which of the following locations would you most likely find transitional epithelial cells?

lining the urinary bladder

Which of the following membrane-enclosed organelles can engulf a worn-out organelle, digest its chemical components, and recycle those digested components?

lysosomes

In what portion of the brain does the hypoglossal nucleus originate?

medulla oblongata

Which of the following chemicals does NOT contribute to the color of human skin?

melatonin

This is the sum of all chemical processes that occur in the human body.

metabolism

What other organelle besides the nucleus contain DNA?

mitochondrion

Which of the following is not one of the main tissue types found in the human body?

myocardial

The two main neurotransmitters of the autonomic nervous system are

norepinephrine and acetylcholine

Which of the following is NOT a facial bone?

occipital

The attachment of a muscle's tendon to the stationary bone is called the ______; the attachment of the muscle's other tendon to the movable bone is called the ______.

origin, insertion

Which of following selections lists bone cells in the order from unspecialized stem cell to highly specialized mature bone cell?

osteogenic cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes

What is the basic structural unit of compact bone tissue?

osteon

This is the study of the functions of body structures.

physiology

Which of the following is a muscle that participates in generating the facial expression of pouting?

platysma

Which of the following functional areas of the cerebrum is responsible for conscious movements of the body?

primary motor area

The overall function of mitosis is

production of new cells

Which of the following is NOT a major function of muscle tissue?

production of vitamins

The extracellular matrix of connective tissue consists of

protein fibers and ground substance

A cell lacking ribosomes will be unable to make the following compounds

proteins

The three types of subatomic particles that are important for understanding chemical reactions in the human body are

protons, neutrons, electrons

Diffusion, enzymatic degradation, and uptake by cells are all ways to

remove a neurotransmitter

The autonomic nervous system is NOT involved in controlling

skeletal muscle

This organelle is responsible for synthesis of fatty acids, steroids, and functions as a reservoir for Ca2+ in muscle cells?

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

This part of the clavicle is rounded and articulates with the manubrium of the sternum.

sternal end

This type of epithelial tissue forms the most superficial layer of the skin.

stratified squamous epithelium

Constant exposure of skin to friction stimulates the formation of a callus, which is the thickening of the ________ of the epidermis

stratum corneum

Which of the structures listed below contains cerebrospinal fluid?

subarachnoid space

Which of the following is a nucleus found in the midbrain that releases dopamine?

substantia nigra

The motor portion of the autonomic nervous system can be divided into

sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions

The union of these two bones forms the zygomatic arch.

temporal and zygomatic

Release of calcium from these structures triggers skeletal muscle contraction.

terminal cisterns of sarcoplasmic reticulum

A severed obturator nerve will lead into paralysis of which region of the body?

thigh

Which of the following describes the major function of ATP in cells?

transfers energy for cell functions

This type of membrane protein extends across the entire lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane touching both intracellular fluid and the extracellular fluid.

transmembrane protein

Which of the following structures on the ulna receives the trochlea of the humerus?

trochlear notch

What regulatory proteins can be found in the thin filaments of skeletal muscle fibers?

tropomyosin and troponin

This type of joint lacks a joint cavity and is held together by a fibrous connective tissue. 1. Fibrous joints 2. Cartilaginous joints 3. Synovial joints

(1 only) Fibrous Joint

During childbirth, anesthesia is administered into the epidural space of the spinal column between which of the following vertebrae? 1. L4 and L5 2. T3 and T4 3. S4 and S5 4. C3 and C4

1 only L4-L5

What type of information is carried in the descending tracts of the spinal cord? 1) Sensory 2) Motor 3) Integration

2 only Motor

How many named bones are found in the adult human skeleton?

206

Epithelial tissue

A. is used as a covering of body surfaces. B. usually has a free surface that interacts with external environment. Correct C. All of these Answer choices are correct. D. is used as a lining of body cavities and hollow organs. E. is used to form glands.

The muscle that serves as the prime mover during a movement is called the

Agonist

What is included in the carpal tunnel? A. Flexor retinaculum B. Trapezium C. Pisiform D. Both pisiform and trapezium. E. All of these choices are correct.

All of these choices are correct.

Which of the following are commonly used to produce ATP during skeletal muscle contraction? A. All of these choices are correct. B. anaerobic cellular respiration C. None of these choices are correct. D. aerobic cellular respiration E. creatine phosphate

All of these choices are correct.

Which of following bones is NOT a tarsal bone?

Capitate

This type of motion results from relatively flat bone surfaces moving back and forth and from side to side with respect to one another.

gliding

Which of the following is a polysaccharide that serves as a storage form of energy in muscle and liver cells?

glycogen

This type of fracture is considered a partial fracture and is only seen in children.

greenstick