A&P Final Exam
What substance, found in the large intestine, is responsible for the production of vitamins B and K, and generating gases?
E-coli
During exercise, when the muscles lengthens and are under tension during contraction, it is called what?
Eccentric
How many ribs do we have as part of the rib cage?
24
How many bones make up the spine?
26
Bile is ______________.
Alkaline
cones
Allow for vision in bright light and to see color
Rods
Allow for vision in low light and greyscale
Aqueous Humor
Anterior fluid that nourishes the cornea
Overflow Incontinence
Bladder is unable to completely empty and some urine dribbles from the urethra
Urge Incontinence
Bladder suddenly and unexpectedly contracts and expels urine
Accomodation
Changing shape of lens to focus on objects farther away
cornea
Clear "window" where light first is refracted in the eye
Glaucoma
Increase intraoccular pressure
Parathormone
Increase levels of calcium in the blood
Ciliary Body
Intrinsic Eye muscle that changes the shape of the lens
What is the function of cerebrospinal fluid? (CSF)
It exchanges nutrients and waste between the blood and nervous tissue, mild protection.
What type of waves carry sound?
Longitudinal (Compressional)
The type of immunity that develops as a result of natural exposure to an antigen in the environment is
Naturally acquired active immunity
lens
Part of the eye that changes shape to accommodate for near or distant vision
Vitreous Humor
Posterior gel-like fluid that gives shape to the eye and nourishes the retina
Thymosin
Programming of immune cells before puberty
Calcitonin
Reduce the levels of calcium in the blood
Thyroxine (T4, T3)
Regulation of metabolism
During our special senses unit we conducted several tests on our hearing, vision, and taste. What test, using a tuning fork, is used to determine conduction deafness?
Rhinne Test
Which lobe of the brain is responsible for hearing and balance?
Temporal lobe
Which part of the brain is responsible for hearing?
Temporal lobe
Which of the following is NOT true of red blood cells?
They contain a single nucleus and numerous organelles
Pharynx
Throat
What is the function of the alveloi?
To diffuse oxygen across the respiratory surface
Larynx
Voice Box
fluid connective tissue
blood and lymph
Which part of the brain is responsible for automatic functions of the body such as breathing and heartbeat?
brainstem
fibrocartilage
cushion-like discs between vertebrae; pubis symphasis
vagina
cylinder shaped cavity through which fetus passes during birth
When the nervous system senses a stimulus both internally and externally a signal is sent from the sensory receptor to the central nervous system to be interpreted. The pathway of information follows a nerve highway, sending Information along many neurons before it reaches its destination effector. In what order do these transmissions usually flow?
dendrites, soma (cell body), axon
During an action potential, the electrical state of the axon becomes:
depolarized, as positively charged ions are admitted
Lacrimal ducts
drain the fluid/tear from the eye
Which of the following is a sensory receptor?
ear
Which of the following organ systems has the most influence on controlling and integrating body activities?
endocrine
elastic cartilage
external ear; ligaments of spinal column
rectus muscles
extrinsic muscles that allow you to voluntarily move the eye
The nervous system controls the functions and actions of the body very quickly through the release of chemical messengers called hormones.
false
The eye is enclosed by 3 protective and functional tunics that have very different functions. Which tunic of the eye includes the sclera?
fibrous
What is the name of the joint found in the skull?
fixed
dense connective tissue
forms strong rope-like structures such as tendons and ligaments
Identify the correct order of the formation of filtrate:
glomerulus-->proximal convoluted tubule-->descending loop of henle-->ascending loop of henle-->distal convoluted tubule
Which structure does not perform any digestive function?
large Intestine
Monocytes
largest WBC
Basophils
least numerous WBC
reticular connective tissue
like a vent filter; many connected fibers; found in liver, kidneys, and spleen
Which of the following is located in the medulla of the kidney?
loop of Henle
Stress Incontinence
loss of bladder control due to activities such as coughing, lifting, laughing, exercising
The nose is __________ to the eyes.
medial
neutrophils
most numerous WBC
Functions of the skeletal system include all of the following EXCEPT
movement
The type of membrane lining body cavities open to the exterior is called:
mucous
uterus
muscular organ where fertilized egg is implanted and fetus develops
The skin and mucous membranes and the inflammatory response are both considered __________________.
non-specific defenses
Which is the correct order for an egg to move through the female reproductive system?
ovary-->fimbriae-->fallopian tube-->uterus-->cervix-->vagina
A cut made superior to inferior dividing the body into unequal left and right halves is called __________________________.
para-sagittal
In a resting state, the axon is:
polarized, with mostly positively charged ions outside and negatively charged ions inside
After suffering a stroke, Peter can no longer remember how to play the violin. On a positive note, Pete still has mobility of his skeletal muscles. Which area of his cerebral cortex is damaged?
premotor cortex
Lacrimal glands
produce tears containing lysozyme to protect the eye
Which of following is not a function of the skeletal system?
production of oxygen
The reason females are more susceptible to UTIs is/are
proximity of the anus to the urethra , a shorter urethra
A neuron will generate action potentials more often when it:
receives more excitatory than inhibitory inputs.
This type of volume in your lungs refers to what you breath consistently during normal, daily ventilation
residual volume
Which two hormones trigger sexual maturity?
FSH&LH
prostate gland
secretes fluid as part of seminal fluid; helps propel seminal fluid through the urethra
Which is the correct sequence in the transmission of a simple reflex?
sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron
Examples of non-specific defense
skin, fever, mucus membrane, macrophages
Someone that runs cross country would should have more of what type of muscle fiber?
slow twitch
Where do the ducts of the pancreas and gall bladder empty into?
small intestine
Lymphocytes
smallest WBC
areolar connective tissue
soft and pliable; most numerous of all tissue; holds organs together
While blind folded, Pete was handed a tennis ball and a marker. He was asked which object was a ball. By ONLY feeling the objects, he could not answer correctly. Which area of his cerebral cortex is damaged?
somatosensory association cortex
ovary
structure from which egg is released during ovulation
Cataract
Hardening of the lens
Steven had a major stroke that affected his frontal lobe, what would he most likely lose?
His personality, and his ability to reason and think.
Which of the following is the correct order for the production and release of sperm from the male reproductive system?
testes-->epididymis-->vas deferens-->prostate-->urethra
The actual sites of gas exchange within the lungs are
the alveoli
The second location in the nephron where water is reabsorbed into the capillaries.
the descending loop of Henle
The muscle known as the diaphragm separtes the ___ from the ___
thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity
The main purpose of the spleen is ______________.
to filter worn-out red blood cells and recycle the iron
Nerve fibers specialized to carry impulses in the central nervous system are insulated by a fatty white sheath of myelin. What is the purpose of the myelin sheath on the axon of a nerve?
to maximize the speed of transmission
Vas deferens
tube carrying sperm from epididymis to urethra
Air entering the body is filtered, warmed, and humidified by the
upper respiratory tract
conjunctiva
very thin membrane surrounding eyes a`nd lining lids
Trachea
Windpipe
When broken down for energy, the NH2 in amino acids is converted to _______ (NH3).
ammonia
Which of the following is not a solute in glomerular filtrate or urine?
ammonia
_____________ send messages away from the cell body
axons