A&P Final Exam

What substance, found in the large intestine, is responsible for the production of vitamins B and K, and generating gases?

E-coli

During exercise, when the muscles lengthens and are under tension during contraction, it is called what?

Eccentric

How many ribs do we have as part of the rib cage?

24

How many bones make up the spine?

26

Bile is ______________.

Alkaline

cones

Allow for vision in bright light and to see color

Rods

Allow for vision in low light and greyscale

Aqueous Humor

Anterior fluid that nourishes the cornea

Overflow Incontinence

Bladder is unable to completely empty and some urine dribbles from the urethra

Urge Incontinence

Bladder suddenly and unexpectedly contracts and expels urine

Accomodation

Changing shape of lens to focus on objects farther away

cornea

Clear "window" where light first is refracted in the eye

Glaucoma

Increase intraoccular pressure

Parathormone

Increase levels of calcium in the blood

Ciliary Body

Intrinsic Eye muscle that changes the shape of the lens

What is the function of cerebrospinal fluid? (CSF)

It exchanges nutrients and waste between the blood and nervous tissue, mild protection.

What type of waves carry sound?

Longitudinal (Compressional)

The type of immunity that develops as a result of natural exposure to an antigen in the environment is

Naturally acquired active immunity

lens

Part of the eye that changes shape to accommodate for near or distant vision

Vitreous Humor

Posterior gel-like fluid that gives shape to the eye and nourishes the retina

Thymosin

Programming of immune cells before puberty

Calcitonin

Reduce the levels of calcium in the blood

Thyroxine (T4, T3)

Regulation of metabolism

During our special senses unit we conducted several tests on our hearing, vision, and taste. What test, using a tuning fork, is used to determine conduction deafness?

Rhinne Test

Which lobe of the brain is responsible for hearing and balance?

Temporal lobe

Which part of the brain is responsible for hearing?

Temporal lobe

Which of the following is NOT true of red blood cells?

They contain a single nucleus and numerous organelles

Pharynx

Throat

What is the function of the alveloi?

To diffuse oxygen across the respiratory surface

Larynx

Voice Box

fluid connective tissue

blood and lymph

Which part of the brain is responsible for automatic functions of the body such as breathing and heartbeat?

brainstem

fibrocartilage

cushion-like discs between vertebrae; pubis symphasis

vagina

cylinder shaped cavity through which fetus passes during birth

When the nervous system senses a stimulus both internally and externally a signal is sent from the sensory receptor to the central nervous system to be interpreted. The pathway of information follows a nerve highway, sending Information along many neurons before it reaches its destination effector. In what order do these transmissions usually flow?

dendrites, soma (cell body), axon

During an action potential, the electrical state of the axon becomes:

depolarized, as positively charged ions are admitted

Lacrimal ducts

drain the fluid/tear from the eye

Which of the following is a sensory receptor?

ear

Which of the following organ systems has the most influence on controlling and integrating body activities?

endocrine

elastic cartilage

external ear; ligaments of spinal column

rectus muscles

extrinsic muscles that allow you to voluntarily move the eye

The nervous system controls the functions and actions of the body very quickly through the release of chemical messengers called hormones.

false

The eye is enclosed by 3 protective and functional tunics that have very different functions. Which tunic of the eye includes the sclera?

fibrous

What is the name of the joint found in the skull?

fixed

dense connective tissue

forms strong rope-like structures such as tendons and ligaments

Identify the correct order of the formation of filtrate:

glomerulus-->proximal convoluted tubule-->descending loop of henle-->ascending loop of henle-->distal convoluted tubule

Which structure does not perform any digestive function?

large Intestine

Monocytes

largest WBC

Basophils

least numerous WBC

reticular connective tissue

like a vent filter; many connected fibers; found in liver, kidneys, and spleen

Which of the following is located in the medulla of the kidney?

loop of Henle

Stress Incontinence

loss of bladder control due to activities such as coughing, lifting, laughing, exercising

The nose is __________ to the eyes.

medial

neutrophils

most numerous WBC

Functions of the skeletal system include all of the following EXCEPT

movement

The type of membrane lining body cavities open to the exterior is called:

mucous

uterus

muscular organ where fertilized egg is implanted and fetus develops

The skin and mucous membranes and the inflammatory response are both considered __________________.

non-specific defenses

Which is the correct order for an egg to move through the female reproductive system?

ovary-->fimbriae-->fallopian tube-->uterus-->cervix-->vagina

A cut made superior to inferior dividing the body into unequal left and right halves is called __________________________.

para-sagittal

In a resting state, the axon is:

polarized, with mostly positively charged ions outside and negatively charged ions inside

After suffering a stroke, Peter can no longer remember how to play the violin. On a positive note, Pete still has mobility of his skeletal muscles. Which area of his cerebral cortex is damaged?

premotor cortex

Lacrimal glands

produce tears containing lysozyme to protect the eye

Which of following is not a function of the skeletal system?

production of oxygen

The reason females are more susceptible to UTIs is/are

proximity of the anus to the urethra , a shorter urethra

A neuron will generate action potentials more often when it:

receives more excitatory than inhibitory inputs.

This type of volume in your lungs refers to what you breath consistently during normal, daily ventilation

residual volume

Which two hormones trigger sexual maturity?

FSH&LH

prostate gland

secretes fluid as part of seminal fluid; helps propel seminal fluid through the urethra

Which is the correct sequence in the transmission of a simple reflex?

sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron

Examples of non-specific defense

skin, fever, mucus membrane, macrophages

Someone that runs cross country would should have more of what type of muscle fiber?

slow twitch

Where do the ducts of the pancreas and gall bladder empty into?

small intestine

Lymphocytes

smallest WBC

areolar connective tissue

soft and pliable; most numerous of all tissue; holds organs together

While blind folded, Pete was handed a tennis ball and a marker. He was asked which object was a ball. By ONLY feeling the objects, he could not answer correctly. Which area of his cerebral cortex is damaged?

somatosensory association cortex

ovary

structure from which egg is released during ovulation

Cataract

Hardening of the lens

Steven had a major stroke that affected his frontal lobe, what would he most likely lose?

His personality, and his ability to reason and think.

Which of the following is the correct order for the production and release of sperm from the male reproductive system?

testes-->epididymis-->vas deferens-->prostate-->urethra

The actual sites of gas exchange within the lungs are

the alveoli

The second location in the nephron where water is reabsorbed into the capillaries.

the descending loop of Henle

The muscle known as the diaphragm separtes the ___ from the ___

thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity

The main purpose of the spleen is ______________.

to filter worn-out red blood cells and recycle the iron

Nerve fibers specialized to carry impulses in the central nervous system are insulated by a fatty white sheath of myelin. What is the purpose of the myelin sheath on the axon of a nerve?

to maximize the speed of transmission

Vas deferens

tube carrying sperm from epididymis to urethra

Air entering the body is filtered, warmed, and humidified by the

upper respiratory tract

conjunctiva

very thin membrane surrounding eyes a`nd lining lids

Trachea

Windpipe

When broken down for energy, the NH2 in amino acids is converted to _______ (NH3).

ammonia

Which of the following is not a solute in glomerular filtrate or urine?

ammonia

_____________ send messages away from the cell body

axons