A&P Fluid and Electrolytes
within the cell, intracellular
Approximately two-thirds of the total body fluid is found _____ and is called ______.
Filtration
Blood plasma becomes tissue fluid by thr process of ______
Tissue Fluid
By process of filtration, blood plasma becomes ______
Intracellular
By the process of osmosis, tissue fluid becomes_______
electrolyte
A substance that, in water, dissociates into its positive and negative ions, called a (n) ______.
increased
If the osmolarity of a solution increases, this means that the relative amount of water has ______.
sodium, chloride
In blood plasma the major cation is ______, and the major anion is ________.
potassium, phosphate
In intracellular fluid, the major cation is ________ and the major anion is ________.
protein
In plasma and tissue fluid, ________ are significant organic anions.
sodium, chloride
In tissue fluid, the major cation is ______ and the major anion is________.
metabolic acidosis
Increased respiration for the purpose of exhaling more carbon dioxide is compensation for ______.
weak acid and salt
The phosphate buffer system buffers a strong acid by forming a _________ and _________.
kidneys
The phosphate buffer system is important for pH regulation by the _______.
intracellular
The protein buffer system is the most important buffer system in ________ fluid.
increase, exhale
To compensate for metabolic acidosis, respiration will _______ in order to _____ carbon dioxide.
liquid,fluid
Most of a person's daily water intake comes from ______
Urine, respiration, sweat
Most of the loss of body water is by way of ________,secondary losses are by way of _______, and________.
Urine
Most of the loss of body water is way of _____.
anion
Negative ions such as chloride or sulfate are called ____.
diffusion
Osmosis can be simply defined as the _______ of water.
weak acid, salt
The bicarbonate buffer system will buffer a strong acid by forming a ________ and a ________.
plasma and tissue fluid
The bicarbonate system is important for regulation of pH in the body fluids _________ and ________.
weak base, and water
The bicarbonate system will buffer a strong base by forming a ______ and _________.
plasma, intracellular fluid
The body fluids in which proteins are significant organic anions are ________ and ____________.
Osmalarity
The concentration of dissolved substance in a solution in called _______.
sodium and potassium
The electrolyte that are essential for normal nerve impulse transmission are _______ and ________.
chloride, hydrochloride acid (HCL)
The electrolyte that is an important part of gastric juice is _________, because it is part of ____________.
calcium
The electrolyte that is essential for blood clotting is _________.
iron
The electrolyte that is essential for oxygen transport is ________.
phosphate
The electrolyte that is part of ATP is _____.
phosphate
The electrolyte that is part of DNA and RNA is __________.
sodium, potassium, and calcium
The electrolytes that are essential for normal muscle contraction are _______, _________, and _________.
phosphate and calcium
The electrolytes that are part of bones and teeth are ________ and _______.
Antidiurectic
The hormone that directly increases water reabsorption by the kidneys is _______
arterial neuretic peptide
The hormone that increase excretion of water by kidneys following excretion of sodium ions is ________
Aldosterone
The hormone that increases reabosorption of water by the kindeys following reabsorption of sodium ions is
depression of CNS
The major effect of acidosis on the body is _________.
excitability of CNS
The major effect of alkalosis on the body is _________.
filtration
The movement of water through a membrane from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure is called ______.
osmosis
The movement of water through a membrane to an area of greater dissolved material is called_______.
dissolved substance
The osmolarity of a solution to the concentration of ______.
buffer system, respiratory, and renal
The pH-regulating mechanism , in order from most rapid to slowest, are the _______, _________, and _______.
renal, respiratory, buffer system
The pH-regulating mechanism in order from least capacity to buffer an ongoing pH imbalance are the ___________, ___________, and _________.
renal
The pH-regulating mechanism that has the greatest capacity to buffer an ongoing pH imbalance is the _________.
buffer system
The pH-regulating mechanism that has the least capacity to buffer an ongoing pH imbalance is the ________.
buffer system
The pH-regulating mechanism that works most rapidly is the ____________
kidneys
The pH-regulating mechanism that works most slowly is the _________.
hypothalmus
The part of the brain that regulates the water content of the body is the __________
decrease
if the kidneys are excreting fewer hydrogen ions, the pH of body fluids will probably _________.
positive, potassium, sodium, Calcuim
A cation is a _______ such as ______, _______, _______.
carboxly, hydrogen ions
An amino acid acts as an acid in body fluids when the______ group gives off a _________.
Amino, hydrogen ions
An amion acts as a base in fluids when the _______ group picks up a ________.
negative, cholride sulfate & bicarbonate
An anion is a ______ such as _____ .
negative/positive ions
An electrolyte is a substance that, in water, dissociates into its ________.
metabolic alkinity
Decrease respiration for the purpose of retaining more carbon dioxide is a compensation for __________.
water
If the osmolarity of a solution increase this means that the relative amount of _____ has decrease.
increase
If the kidneys are excreting more hydrogen ions, the pH of body fluids will probably ________.
water
If the osmolarity of a solution decrease, this means that the relative amount of ______ has increase.
increased
If the osmolarity of a solution decreases, this means that the relative amount of water has ________
decreased
If the osmolarity of a solution decreases, this means the relative amount of dissolved substances has _______.
decrease
If the osmolarity of a solution increase , this means that the relative amount of water has ____.
inside cell, 2/3
Intracellular fluid is found ______ and is approximately ______ of the total body fluid.
alkaline
Involuntary muscle contraction are signs of pH imbalance with the body fluids becoming too ______.
acidic
Lethargy and decreased awareness are signs of a pH imbalance with the body fluids becoming too ________.
Cell respiration
Metabolic water is the water produced in the body during _______
bicarbonate, hydrogen
T compensate for alkalosis, the kidneys will excrete more ________ ions and retain more _________ ions.
carbon dioxide, H+ ions
The respiratory in important for pH regulation because it controls the amount of ________ in body fluids, which in turn affects the number of _______ present in body fluids.
carbon dioxide
The respiratory system is important for pH regulation because it controls the amount of ______ in body fluids.
Foods
The second largest source of daily water intake for a person comes from _______
Metabolic water
The smallest source of daily water for a person comes from _______
Liquids, Food, Metabolic rate
The source of daily water intake for the body, from grestest to least, are _______, ________, ________ .
cerebrospinal fluid
The specialized fluid ____ is a shock absorber for the central nervous system.
serous fluid
The specialized fluid _____ prevents friction between the pleural membranes.
synovial fluid
The specialized fluid _____ prevents friction in joints.
Aqueous Humor
The specialized fluid ______ is the tissue fluid of the eye.
Osmosis
Tissue fluid becomes intracellular fluid by the process of ______
hydrogen, bicarbonate
To compensate for acidosis, the kidneys will excrete more _______ ions and retain more _______ ions.
Hypolemia , sweating
Too little water in the body is called ______ and on a hot day may be caused by excessive _________
intracellular
Water located between cells is called
plasma
Water within blood vessels is called
Intracellular
Water within cells is called
lymph
Water within lymph vessels is called
ADH, decrease
When there is too little water in the body, the secretion of the hormone______ increases, and urinary output ______.
ADH, increase
When there is too much water in the body the secretion of the hormone_____ decrease and urinary output _____.
ADH, Aldosterone
With respect to the kidneys the two hormones that increase the reabsorption of water are ___ from the posterior pituitary gland, and ___ from the adrenal cortex.
ADH, disease
With respect to the kidneys, the two hormones that increase the reabsorption of water are ___and _____
cation
positive ions such as sodium or calcium are called_____.
decrease, conserve
to compensate for metabolic alkalosis, respiration will ______ in order to _______ carbon dioxide.
