A&P Fluid and Electrolytes

within the cell, intracellular

Approximately two-thirds of the total body fluid is found _____ and is called ______.

Filtration

Blood plasma becomes tissue fluid by thr process of ______

Tissue Fluid

By process of filtration, blood plasma becomes ______

Intracellular

By the process of osmosis, tissue fluid becomes_______

electrolyte

A substance that, in water, dissociates into its positive and negative ions, called a (n) ______.

increased

If the osmolarity of a solution increases, this means that the relative amount of water has ______.

sodium, chloride

In blood plasma the major cation is ______, and the major anion is ________.

potassium, phosphate

In intracellular fluid, the major cation is ________ and the major anion is ________.

protein

In plasma and tissue fluid, ________ are significant organic anions.

sodium, chloride

In tissue fluid, the major cation is ______ and the major anion is________.

metabolic acidosis

Increased respiration for the purpose of exhaling more carbon dioxide is compensation for ______.

weak acid and salt

The phosphate buffer system buffers a strong acid by forming a _________ and _________.

kidneys

The phosphate buffer system is important for pH regulation by the _______.

intracellular

The protein buffer system is the most important buffer system in ________ fluid.

increase, exhale

To compensate for metabolic acidosis, respiration will _______ in order to _____ carbon dioxide.

liquid,fluid

Most of a person's daily water intake comes from ______

Urine, respiration, sweat

Most of the loss of body water is by way of ________,secondary losses are by way of _______, and________.

Urine

Most of the loss of body water is way of _____.

anion

Negative ions such as chloride or sulfate are called ____.

diffusion

Osmosis can be simply defined as the _______ of water.

weak acid, salt

The bicarbonate buffer system will buffer a strong acid by forming a ________ and a ________.

plasma and tissue fluid

The bicarbonate system is important for regulation of pH in the body fluids _________ and ________.

weak base, and water

The bicarbonate system will buffer a strong base by forming a ______ and _________.

plasma, intracellular fluid

The body fluids in which proteins are significant organic anions are ________ and ____________.

Osmalarity

The concentration of dissolved substance in a solution in called _______.

sodium and potassium

The electrolyte that are essential for normal nerve impulse transmission are _______ and ________.

chloride, hydrochloride acid (HCL)

The electrolyte that is an important part of gastric juice is _________, because it is part of ____________.

calcium

The electrolyte that is essential for blood clotting is _________.

iron

The electrolyte that is essential for oxygen transport is ________.

phosphate

The electrolyte that is part of ATP is _____.

phosphate

The electrolyte that is part of DNA and RNA is __________.

sodium, potassium, and calcium

The electrolytes that are essential for normal muscle contraction are _______, _________, and _________.

phosphate and calcium

The electrolytes that are part of bones and teeth are ________ and _______.

Antidiurectic

The hormone that directly increases water reabsorption by the kidneys is _______

arterial neuretic peptide

The hormone that increase excretion of water by kidneys following excretion of sodium ions is ________

Aldosterone

The hormone that increases reabosorption of water by the kindeys following reabsorption of sodium ions is

depression of CNS

The major effect of acidosis on the body is _________.

excitability of CNS

The major effect of alkalosis on the body is _________.

filtration

The movement of water through a membrane from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure is called ______.

osmosis

The movement of water through a membrane to an area of greater dissolved material is called_______.

dissolved substance

The osmolarity of a solution to the concentration of ______.

buffer system, respiratory, and renal

The pH-regulating mechanism , in order from most rapid to slowest, are the _______, _________, and _______.

renal, respiratory, buffer system

The pH-regulating mechanism in order from least capacity to buffer an ongoing pH imbalance are the ___________, ___________, and _________.

renal

The pH-regulating mechanism that has the greatest capacity to buffer an ongoing pH imbalance is the _________.

buffer system

The pH-regulating mechanism that has the least capacity to buffer an ongoing pH imbalance is the ________.

buffer system

The pH-regulating mechanism that works most rapidly is the ____________

kidneys

The pH-regulating mechanism that works most slowly is the _________.

hypothalmus

The part of the brain that regulates the water content of the body is the __________

decrease

if the kidneys are excreting fewer hydrogen ions, the pH of body fluids will probably _________.

positive, potassium, sodium, Calcuim

A cation is a _______ such as ______, _______, _______.

carboxly, hydrogen ions

An amino acid acts as an acid in body fluids when the______ group gives off a _________.

Amino, hydrogen ions

An amion acts as a base in fluids when the _______ group picks up a ________.

negative, cholride sulfate & bicarbonate

An anion is a ______ such as _____ .

negative/positive ions

An electrolyte is a substance that, in water, dissociates into its ________.

metabolic alkinity

Decrease respiration for the purpose of retaining more carbon dioxide is a compensation for __________.

water

If the osmolarity of a solution increase this means that the relative amount of _____ has decrease.

increase

If the kidneys are excreting more hydrogen ions, the pH of body fluids will probably ________.

water

If the osmolarity of a solution decrease, this means that the relative amount of ______ has increase.

increased

If the osmolarity of a solution decreases, this means that the relative amount of water has ________

decreased

If the osmolarity of a solution decreases, this means the relative amount of dissolved substances has _______.

decrease

If the osmolarity of a solution increase , this means that the relative amount of water has ____.

inside cell, 2/3

Intracellular fluid is found ______ and is approximately ______ of the total body fluid.

alkaline

Involuntary muscle contraction are signs of pH imbalance with the body fluids becoming too ______.

acidic

Lethargy and decreased awareness are signs of a pH imbalance with the body fluids becoming too ________.

Cell respiration

Metabolic water is the water produced in the body during _______

bicarbonate, hydrogen

T compensate for alkalosis, the kidneys will excrete more ________ ions and retain more _________ ions.

carbon dioxide, H+ ions

The respiratory in important for pH regulation because it controls the amount of ________ in body fluids, which in turn affects the number of _______ present in body fluids.

carbon dioxide

The respiratory system is important for pH regulation because it controls the amount of ______ in body fluids.

Foods

The second largest source of daily water intake for a person comes from _______

Metabolic water

The smallest source of daily water for a person comes from _______

Liquids, Food, Metabolic rate

The source of daily water intake for the body, from grestest to least, are _______, ________, ________ .

cerebrospinal fluid

The specialized fluid ____ is a shock absorber for the central nervous system.

serous fluid

The specialized fluid _____ prevents friction between the pleural membranes.

synovial fluid

The specialized fluid _____ prevents friction in joints.

Aqueous Humor

The specialized fluid ______ is the tissue fluid of the eye.

Osmosis

Tissue fluid becomes intracellular fluid by the process of ______

hydrogen, bicarbonate

To compensate for acidosis, the kidneys will excrete more _______ ions and retain more _______ ions.

Hypolemia , sweating

Too little water in the body is called ______ and on a hot day may be caused by excessive _________

intracellular

Water located between cells is called

plasma

Water within blood vessels is called

Intracellular

Water within cells is called

lymph

Water within lymph vessels is called

ADH, decrease

When there is too little water in the body, the secretion of the hormone______ increases, and urinary output ______.

ADH, increase

When there is too much water in the body the secretion of the hormone_____ decrease and urinary output _____.

ADH, Aldosterone

With respect to the kidneys the two hormones that increase the reabsorption of water are ___ from the posterior pituitary gland, and ___ from the adrenal cortex.

ADH, disease

With respect to the kidneys, the two hormones that increase the reabsorption of water are ___and _____

cation

positive ions such as sodium or calcium are called_____.

decrease, conserve

to compensate for metabolic alkalosis, respiration will ______ in order to _______ carbon dioxide.