A&P II Ch. 17 Online Homework

True or False: Epinephrine has to cross the cell membrane to bind to its receptor in the cytoplasm.

False

True or False: Lipid soluble messengers require a transport protein in order to pass through the plasma membrane.

False

The binding of epinephrine to its receptor activates a(n)

G protein

The cortex of the suprarenal (adrenal) glands produces a. corticosteroids b. insulin c. epinephrine d. thyroxine

a.

The endocrine portion of the pancreas produces a. insulin and glucagon b. pancreatic enzymes c. glucocorticoids d. epinephrine and norepinephrine

a.

The messenger passes freely through the plasma membrane and a. enters the nucleus, where it binds to the DNA molecule b. enters the nucleus and binds to the RNA molecule c. enters the cytoplasm and binds to a ribosome d. attaches to a gated membrane protein e. attaches to a protein in the cytoplasm

a.

What cell in the parathyroid gland secretes parathyroid hormone? a. Chief (principal) cell b. Oxyphil c. Basophil d. Parafollicular cell

a.

Which of the following statements about thyroxine is true? a. both the T3 and T4 forms enter target cells b. Inside the target cell, all T3 is converted to T4 c. Only the T4 form can enter the nucleus d. All the choices are correct

a.

The medulla of the suprarenal gland secretes _____ to enhance the ____ response of the sympathetic nervous system. a. epinephrine and norepinephrine; "rest and digest" b. corticosteroids; stress c. epinephrine and norephinephrine; "fight-or-flight" d. insulin and glucagon; digestive

c.

The pancreas is a. located superior to the kidneys. b. fused to the diaphragm c. located between the duodenum and spleen, just inferior to the stomach. d. located between the lobes of the liver

c.

The pancreatic acinar cells secrete a. steroid hormones b. glucagon c. enzyme-rich pancreatic juice d. insulin

c.

The parathyroid glands are usually located on which surface of the thyroid gland? a. lateral b. medial c. posterior d. anterior

c.

The suprarenal (adrenal) glands are located superior to which organ(s)? a. pancreas b. liver c. kidneys d. small intestine

c.

Thyroid hormone stimulates the anterior pituitary to release a. adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) b. follicle-stimulating hormone c. growth hormone (GH) d. antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

c.

Tropic hormones a. only function in the tropics b. function in only one sex c. stimulate certain endocrine glands to secrete hormones d. block the actions of hormones that endocrine glands secrete e. function only under certain environmental conditions

c.

What stimulates the secretion of parathyroid hormone from the parathyroid gland? a. low urine calcium level b. low bone calcium level c. low blood calcium level d. elevated blood calcium level

c.

The pancreas is mostly composed of groups of cells called

pancreatic acini

Insulin, released after a meal is eaten by a person who does not have diabetes, will cause blood sugar levels to

return to about normal

Glucocorticoids are ______ hormones secreted by _____ glands.

steroid; endocrine

The thyroid gland secretes large amounts of -triiodothyronine but no tetraiodothyronine -tetraiodothyronine but no triiodothyronine -both triiodothyronine and tetraiodothyronine -triiodothyronine and small amounts of tetraiodothyronine -tetraiodothyronine and small amounts of triiodothyronine

tetraiodothyronine and small amounts of triiodothyronine

Arrange the following in the proper order in which they occur during glucocorticoid hormone action. 1. Binding of hormone to receptor 2. Release of HSP90 proteins 3. Entry of hormone into the nucleus

1, 2, 3

After eating a meal, blood sugar levels?

increase

The treatment for Type I diabetes always includes

insulin

True or False: The pancreas serves both endocrine and exocrine functions.

True

True or False: The thyroxine-hormone receptor complex increases the level of transcription of specific genes.

True

True or False: Thyroxine is brought to target cells via a protein-carrier.

True

Match the target tissue with the hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. 1. Thyroid-stimulating hormone 2. Growth hormone 3. Follicle-stimulating hormone 4. Adrenocorticotropic hormone 5. Beta endorphins 6. Melanocyte-stimulating hormone 7. Lutenizing hormone

1. thyroid gland 2. most tissues 3. follicles in ovaries; seminiferous tubules 4. adrenal cortex 5. brain 6. melanocytes in the skin 7. ovaries in females; testes in males

Indicate whether each statement is true or false regarding the structure and location of the parathyroid gland. 1. Embedded in the lobes of the thyroid gland. 2. Secretes thyroid hormones 3. Secretes PTH 4. Organized in follicles

1. true 2. false 3. true 4. false

Put the following events in order regarding hypothalamic control of the hormone secretion from the posterior pituitary gland. - Action potentials travel through axons from hypothalamic neurons through the hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract. - In the posterior pituitary, action potentials cause the releae of neurohormones from axon terminals -Neurohormones pass through the circulatory system and affect target tissues - Nervous system stimuli cause the hypothalamic neurons to increase action potential frequency.

2, 3, 4, 1

How many parathyroid glands are there?

2-6

Which of the following statements about thyroxine is true? -It is water-insoluble -It is lipophilic -It can pass through the cell membrane -All of these choices are correct

All of these choices are correct

Classify the following characteristics of the endocrine system or nervous system. -reacts quickly to stimuli -usually has relatively local, specific effects -sometimes has very general effects -releases neurotransmitters at synapses -releases hormones into the bloodstream for general distribution -stops quickly when stimulus stops

Nervous system: -releases neurotransmitters at synapses -usually has relatively low, specific effects -reacts quickly to stimuli -stops quickly when stimulus stops Endocrine system: -releases hormones into the bloodstream for general distribution -sometimes has very general effects

True or False: Glucocorticoid response elements function as enhancers.

True

True or False: Glucocorticoids are hormones that stimulate metabolism of lipids and proteins, and help regulate glucose levels in the blood.

True

True or False: Lipid soluble messengers must bind to a transport protein to be transported by the blood.

True

True or False: One of the primary effects of glucagon in raising blood glucose in glycogenolysis.

True

The second messenger cAMP is synthesized by the enzyme?

adenylyl cyclase

The messenger in the lipid soluble messenger system is a. hydrophilic b. hydrophobic c. isotonic d. hypertonic e. isotonic

b.

The principal mineralcorticoid is _______ that helps regulate levels of ______. a. cortisol; sodium and potassium ions b. aldosterone; sodium and potassium ions c. aldosterone; glucose d. cortisol; glucose

b.

Which pancreatic islet cell type is correctly matched with its product? a. delta cells: glucagon b. beta cells: insulin c. alpha cells: insulin d. cells: somatostatin

b.

The ultimate result of the lipid soluble messenger system is a. DNA molecules replicate, and produce a functional response b. DNA molecules replicate in preparation for mitosis c. The messenger binds with the RNA molecule, which then codes for proteins that produce a functional result d. proteins are coded for and synthesized to produce a functional result e. transport proteins are incorporated in the cytoplasm of the cell to produce a functional result

d.

What is the name of the narrow band of tissue connecting the right and left lobes of the thyroid gland? a. peduncle b. transverse lobe c. median lobe d. isthmus

d.

Compared to the nervous system, the endocrine system -does not use receptors -may have a longer lasting effect -takes only seconds -is not essential to life -none of these are correct

may have a longer lasting effect

In Type II diabetes, the blood sugar levels remain high after a meal because?

muscle and liver cells to not receive a signal

Complete each sentence by dragging the proper word or phrase into the corresponding blank. Then place the completed sentences in the correct order of events. Not all terms will be used. -Referred to as the ______, the posterior pituitary releases antidiuretic hormone into the bloodstream. -Circulating through the body, antidiuretic hormone arrives at the ___________ of the kidney. -Causing an increased ______ of water from the kidney nephron, blood volume is maintained.

neurohypophysis; target cells; reabsorption

In Type 1 diabetes, blood sugar levels remain high after a meal because

no insulin is released

The ____ secretes triiodothyronine.

thyroid gland