A&P II Ch 25 Exam 3

Which describes tooth enamel? A cell-free protective layer over the crown A hard yellowish tissue A layer lining the root canal The outer layer of the root

A cell-free protective layer over the crown

How long is the gallbladder? About 100 cm About 1 cm About 10 cm

About 10 cm

Which substances are absorbed from the stomach? Proteins and sugar Alcohol, fat Aspirin, lipid-soluble drugs

Aspirin, lipid-soluble drugs

What are lingual papillae? Ridges on the roof of the mouth Structures that anchor the lips to the gums Bumps on the inner surface of the cheeks Bumps on the tongue surface

Bumps on the tongue surface

Select all that apply Which two structures are essential for all chewing, speech, sucking, and blowing? Frenulum Cheeks Tongue Lips Esophagus

Cheeks Lips

What is the semi-liquid mixture of partially digested food within the stomach known as? Bile Chyme Bolus Gastric juice

Chyme

What is the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food called? Compaction Absorption Digestion Ingestion

Digestion

The acini of the pancreas secrete ______, while the duct cells of the pancreas secrete ______. digestive enzymes, sodium bicarbonate sodium bicarbonate, digestive enzymes

Digestive enzymes; sodium bicarbonate

Select all that apply Which protect the stomach lining from the acidic contents? Epithelial cell replacement Mucous coat Protective gastric juices Tight junctions Excessive blood flow

Epithelial cell replacement Mucous coat Tight junctions

The ____ anal sphincter is composed of skeletal muscle.

External

True or false: The role of the liver in digestion is to produce digestive enzymes.

False

Stomach function is regulated in three phases, which are the _____ phase, the intestinal phase, and the cephalic phase.

Gastric

Select all that apply What are the three phases of gastric activity? Hypothalamic phase Esophageal phase Intestinal phase Hepatic phase Cephalic phase Gastric phase

Intestinal phase Cephalic phase Gastric phase

Which describes the fundus of the stomach? It is the narrow terminal region. It is the region adjacent to the distal portion of the lesser curvature. It is the domed superior region. It is the large main region.

It is the domed superior region.

The median fold that attaches each lip to the gum is called the _____ frenulum.

Labial

The primary function of the _____ intestine is to absorb water and electrolytes, but not other nutrients.

Large

What is the median fold anchoring the underside of the tongue to the mouth floor called? Lingual frenulum Superior labial frenulum Inferior labial frenulum Terminal sulcus

Lingual frenulum

What are the gastric rugae? Longitudinal folds in the stomach lining Glands extending deep into the stomach lining Muscular bands around the pyloric sphincter Circular folds in the duodenum

Longitudinal folds in the stomach lining

Which muscles produce the up-and-down crushing action of the teeth during mastication? Masseter and temporalis Intrinsic tongue muscles Orbicularis oris and buccinator

Masseter and temporalis

Chewing is also known as which of the following? Digestion Mastication Micturition Deglutition

Mastication

Select all that apply Which are found in saliva? Select all that apply. Mucus Fibrin Amylase Pepsin Lysozyme Gastrin Lipase Water

Mucus Amylase Lysozyme Lipase Water

Which describes segmentation? Migrating contractions along the length of digestive tract Non-migrating constrictions and relaxations along the intestine

Non-migrating constrictions and relaxations along the intestine

What part (a cavity) of the digestive system functions in ingestion, speech, and respiration? Small intestine Oral cavity Pancreas Stomach

Oral cavity

What is the predominant type of muscle contraction occurring in the stomach? Mastication Peristalsis Segmentation Deglutition

Peristalsis

Select all that apply Which are functions of the cheeks and lips? Pushing food between the teeth for chewing Mechanical digestion Sucking Speech articulation

Pushing food between the teeth for chewing Sucking Speech articulation

Select all that apply Which are functions of the oral cavity? Respiration Excretion of wastes Ingestion Absorption of nutrients Speech

Respiration Ingestion Speech

What is the posterior third of the tongue known as? Medulla Fundus Root Body

Root

Lysozyme, immunoglobulin A, mucus, electrolytes and water are all found in which of the following? Bile Gastric juice Saliva Pancreatic juice

Saliva

Which liver function contributes to the process of digestion? Secretion of cholesterol Secretion of bile Secretion of digestive enzymes Storage of glucose as glycogen

Secretion of bile

What are mesenteries? Sheets of connective tissue that suspend the intestines in the abdomen Series of blood vessels that drain the intestines, stomach, and spleen Strips of muscle running longitudinally along the large intestine

Sheets of connective tissue that suspend the intestines in the abdomen

Which reflexes that utilize the myenteric nerve plexus to control digestive activity? Long Short Intermediate

Short

What is deglutition? Swallowing Salivating Digesting Chewing

Swallowing

What is ingestion? A condition caused by stomach acid irritating esophageal lining The selective intake of food The uptake of nutrients from gut into blood or lymph The elimination of feces

The selective intake of food

What is the significance of the epithelial tight junctions and the mucous coat lining the stomach? They allow the partial digestion of proteins. They protect the stomach lining from acid damage. They allow stretching of the stomach wall with large meals.

They protect the stomach lining from acid damage.

The portion of the large intestine that passes horizontally across the abdominal cavity is the _____ colon.

Transverse

What is the space between the lips and teeth called? Pharynx Oral fissure Fauces Vestibule

Vestibule

What does the emetic center of the medulla oblongata stimulate? Vomiting Digestion Swallowing Defecation

Vomiting

What are the functions of the large intestine? Digestion of all nutrients, but the absorption of only protein, water, and electrolytes Water and electrolyte absorption Carbohydrate and fat digestion

Water and electrolyte absorption

The segment of the digestive tract passing up the right side of the abdomen is the _____ colon.

ascending

Another name for the oral cavity is the ______ cavity. frontal buccal pharyngeal mental

buccal

The region of the stomach where the esophagus enters is the ______ region. body pyloric cardial fundic

cardial

The stomach receives sympathetic innervation from the ______. hepatic ganglion celiac ganglion celiac trunk vagus nerve

celiac ganglion

The ______ of the pancreas secrete sodium bicarbonate, while the ______ of the pancreas secrete digestive enzymes. duct cells, acinar cells acinar cells, duct cells

duct cells, acinar cells

The hard noncellular substance that covers the crown of a tooth is ______. enamel dentin

enamel

The pharynx connects the oral cavity to the ______ and the nasal cavity to the ______. esophagus, larynx larynx, esophagus esophagus, trachea larynx, trachea

esophagus, larynx

Of the two anal sphincters, the ______ anal sphincter is under voluntary control and the ______ anal sphincter is under involuntary control. internal; external external, internal

external, internal

True or false: Most digestion occurs in the stomach, while most absorption occurs in the small intestine.

false

True or false: The stomach is innervated by parasympathetic, but not sympathetic, fibers.

false

The sac on the underside of the liver that serves to store and concentrate bile is called the ______. gallbladder pancreas spleen duodenum

gallbladder

The study of the digestive tract and the diagnosis and treatment of its disorders is called _____

gastroenterology

The selective intake of food is known as

ingestion

The middle and longest section of the small intestine is the ______. duodenum jejunum ileum cecum

jejunum

Which digestive reflexes use autonomic nerve fibers running to and from the brainstem? Intermediate Short Long

long

Which digestive reflexes use autonomic nerve fibers running to and from the brainstem? Short Intermediate Long

long

The sheets of connective tissue that hold the abdominal viscera in place are called _____

mesenteries

inactive form of pepsin

pepsinogen

The predominant type of involuntary muscle contraction occurring in the stomach is _____

peristalsis

When swallowing, a bolus of food moves from the mouth directly into the _____ before reaching the esophagus.

pharynx

The esophagus is ______ to the trachea. posterior anterior

posterior

The portion of the tooth below the gum is the ______ of the tooth. root crown

root

The longitudinal wrinkles in the lining of the stomach are called gastric _____

rugae

Muscular contractions called _____ involve alternating ring-like constrictions at several places along the intestine.

segmentation

The forceful ejection of stomach and intestinal contents from the mouth is called ______. segmentation vomiting mastication deglutition

vomiting

An enzyme that is secreted in its inactive form is known as a ______. gut-brain peptide pepsin zymogen vitamin

zymogen