A&P II Chapter 23

The conducting zone does NOT act to a) Clean air of debris b) Conduct air into the lungs c) Add water to air d) Warm air e) Does all of these choices

E

Which of the following is NOT a factor that the rate of pulmonary and systemic gas exchange depends on

Force of contraction of diaphragm

Exhalation begins when

Inspiratory muscles relax

Pitch is controlled by

Tension of the vocal chords

These are cells of the alveoli that produce surfactant.

alveolar type II

This is the primary gas exchange site.

alveolus

These are triangular pieces of mostly hyaline cartilage located at the posterior and superior border of the cricoid cartilage.

arytenoids cartilage

The point where the trachea divides into right and left primary bronchi is a ridge called

carina

The nose connects with the pharynx through the

choanae

Which of the below tissues provides the functions of the inner layer of the conducting organs?

ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells

This is a long drawn and deep inhalation followed by a complete closure of the rima glottidis, which results in a strong exhalation, pushing the rima glottidis open and sending a blast of air through the upper respiratory passages:

coughing

This is an inhalation followed by many short convulsive exhalations during which the rima glottidis remains open and the vocal folds vibrate, accompanied by characteristic facial expressions:

crying

When blood pH drops then the amount of oxyhemoglobin _______ and oxygen delivery to the tissue cells ________________.

decreases, increases

Which is the dominant method of carbon dioxide transport?

dissolved in plasma as bicarbonate ions

This structure prevents food or water from entering the trachea.

epiglottis

The opening to the pharynx from the mouth is called

fauces

This is the sum of the residual and the expiratory reserve volume.

functional residual capacity

This is a spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm followed by spasmodic closure of the rima glottidis, which produces a sharp sound on inhalation:

hiccupping

This means the lungs and the chest wall expand easily.

high compliance

Which of the below tissues maintains open airways in the lower respiratory system?

hyaline cartilage

Where is the rhythmicity center for respiration?

medulla oblongata

This is direction of diffusion of gases at capillaries near systemic cells.

oxygen out of blood, carbon dioxide into blood

This is direction of diffusion of gases at the alveoli of the lungs.

oxygen out of blood, carbon dioxide into blood

During swallowing, which structure rises?

pharynx

Which of the following is a passageway for air, food and water?

pharynx

The conducting airways with the air that does not undergo respiratory exchange are known as the

respiratory dead space

Which is a factor that does NOT affect hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen?

respiratory rate

This is a long drawn and deep inhalation immediately followed by a shorter but forceful exhalation:

sighing

Which of the below tissues forms the exchange surfaces of the alveolus?

simple squamous epithelium

This is a spasmodic contraction of the muscles of exhalation that forcefully expels air through the nose and mouth:

sneezing

This is a series of convulsive inhalations followed by a single prolonged exhalation. The rima glottidis closes earlier than normal after each inhalation so only a little air enters the lung with each inhalation:

sobbing

This is located anterior to the esophagus and carries air to the bronchi.

trachea

Which of the following is NOT part of the upper respiratory system?

trachea

With which body system does the respiratory system work to regulate the pH of body fluids?

urinary

This is a deep inhalation through a widely opened mouth producing an exaggerated depression of the mandible, the precise cause of which is unknown:

yawning