A&P II Nervous system II

Choose all the components of the patellar reflex.

*A motor neuron *A sensory neuron with stretch receptors in the quadriceps femoris muscle group.

A total of _____ pairs of cranial nerves emerge from the brain and brainstem.

12

Which statement accurately describes the cauda equina?

A bundle of spinal nerves extending inferiorly from the conus medullaris.

Cranial nerve VI is also called the _____ nerve.

Abducens

What are the functions of the oculomotor nerve (CN III)?

Controls muscles that raise the eyelid. Controls muscles that move the eye. Controls muscles of the pupil, to adjust the amount of light entering the eye.

Indicate the cranial nerve number for the trochlear nerve.

IV

Which are the functions of the spinal cord?

It is a center for many reflexes. It conducts nerve impulses to and from the brain.

How are cranial nerves named?

Roman numerals indicate the order in which they arise from the brain. They have names that describe their primary function.

Cranial nerve IV is also called the _____ nerve.

Trochlear

True or false: The cranial nerves serve parts of the head, neck, and also some structures of the trunk.

True

Indicate the cranial nerve number for the trigeminal nerve.

V

Indicate the cranial nerve number for the facial nerve.

VII

Which nerve innervates muscles that move the eye?

abducens nerve

Cervical nerves emerge from the vertebral column ______ the vertebrae they are named for and the thoracic, lumbar, and sacral exit ______ their corresponding vertebrae.

above; below

A reflex arc begins with a sensory receptor at the dendritic end of a(n) ______.

afferent neuron

All the basic components of a reflex are collectively known as a reflex _____.

arc

The _____ tracts of the spinal cord carry sensory information to the brain while _____ tracts carry motor impulses from the brain to the periphery.

ascending, descending

Within the spinal cord, ______ tracts carry nerve impulses to the brain while ______ tracts carry nerve impulses from the brain to the periphery.

ascending; descending

What type of fibers are found in the anterior root of a spinal nerve?

axons of motor neurons

Nerves arising from the_____plexus innervate the upper limbs.

brachial

Nerves branching from the ______ plexus innervate the upper limbs.

brachial

Cranial nerves I and II are associated with the cerebrum while the remaining cranial nerves originate from the _____

brainstem

What is a nerve?

bundle of axons, a cord of nerve fiber bundles bound together by connective tissue

As the lumbar and sacral nerves extend inferiorly beyond the end of the spinal cord, they form the ______.

cauda equina

The brain and spinal cord comprise the _____nervous system.

central

The _____ plexus innervates the muscles and the skin of the neck.

cervical

Choose the two distinct parts of the vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII).

cochlear branch vestibular branch

The ______ nerves are designated by Roman numerals and by names that indicate their primary functions and/or the general distribution of their fibers.

cranial

he nervous system has twelve pairs of ______.

cranial

The peripheral nervous system includes ______ and ______.

cranial and spinal nerves

Indicate the cranial nerve number for the optic nerve.

cranial nerve 2

Indicate the correct order of meninges from superficial at the top to deep at the bottom.

dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

What are the effectors for the motor fibers of the abducens nerve?

extrinsic muscle of the eye

The spinal cord ends near the intervertebral disc that separates the ______

first and second lumbar vertebrae

What is a monosynaptic reflex?

has a single synapse between the afferent and efferent neurons or sensory and motor neurons (A reflex that involves two neurons only.)

What does the root word cephal- mean?

head

hat area(s) of the body do cranial nerves innervate?

head, neck, and some parts of the trunk

What is the purpose of reflexes?

help maintain homeostasis

Spinal nerves exit the vertebral column through openings called the _____foramina.

intervertebral

What areas of the body do spinal nerves innervate?

lower limbs, upper limbs, and trunk

What plexus gives rise to a number of nerves that control the muscles of the thighs, legs, and feet?

lumbosacral plexus

Because it only uses two neurons, the patellar reflex is an example of a ______.

monosynaptic reflex

All spinal nerves (except the first one) have two roots. The anterior roots consist of _____ fibers (axons) while posterior roots consist of _____ fibers (axons).

motor or efferent sensory or afferent

The first pair of spinal nerves is a purely _____ nerve, while the rest are _____nerves, containing both motor and sensory fibers.

motor,mixed

What areas of the body are innervated by the lumbosacral plexus?

muscles in the thigh lower abdominal wall skin of the feet

A _____ is a cordlike organ composed of numerous nerve fibers (fascicles) bound together by connective tissue.

nerve

The muscles that move the eyes and eyelids and the muscles that adjust pupil size and lens shape are innervated by the ______ nerve.

oculomotor

Cranial nerve III is also called the

oculomotor nerve

Cranial nerve I is also called the nerve.

olfactory

The cranial nerve that is sensory only and transmits signals related to the sense of smell is called the _____ nerve.

olfactory

Indicate the three large branches of the trigeminal nerve.

ophthalmic division maxillary division mandibular division

The nerve contains only sensory fibers and transmits visual signals.

optic

The _____ nervous system consists of all the nerves that branch from the CNS, including the _____ nerves and the spinal nerves.

peripheral, cranial

The ______ branch of a spinal nerve innervates the muscles and skin of the back.

posterior

A _____ helps maintain homeostasis by controlling involuntarily processes and carrying out automatic protective responses (i.e. coughing, sneezing, vomiting).

reflex

A rapid, automatic response to a stimulus is called a(n)

reflex

The simple neural pathway that mediates a reflex is called a(n) ______.

reflex arc

The spinal cord is a center for _____ spinal and conducts impulses to and from the brain.

reflexes

The spinal cord is a center for spinal _____ and conducts impulses to and from the brain.

reflexes

Except for the first pair, all spinal nerves emerge from the spinal cord as two short branches called ______.

roots

The fibers of each spinal nerve (except the first pair) connect to the spinal cord via two

roots

Indicate whether the vestibulocochlear nerve is sensory, motor, or mixed.

sensory

The central nervous system is made of two main parts, the brain, and the

spinal cord

What provides two-way communication between the central nervous system and the muscles and skin of the upper and lower limbs, neck, and trunk.

spinal nerves

The thoracic, lumbar, and sacral spinal nerves are associated with (named for) the vertebra ______ the nerve's point of emergence from the vertebral column. Multiple choice question.

superior to

Identify the function(s) of the cervical plexuses.

supply motor impulses to the diaphragm supply motor impulses to muscles of the neck transmit sensory information from the skin of the neck to the central nervous system

What structure functions to conduct nerve impulses between the peripheral body and the brain and also acts as a reflex center?

the spinal cord

How do spinal nerves exit the vertebral column?

through the intervertebral foramina

Cranial nerve V is also called the _____ nerve.

trigeminal

When a physician moves a finger in front of a patient's face, asking them to follow its movement with their eyes, they are testing the function of the ______ nerve.

trochlear nerve.

Where is the spinal cord located?

vertebral canal