A&P Test 1 Banks
The kneecap is patellar, whereas the back of the knee is A) crural. B) pedal. C) manual. D) popliteal. E) pubic.
D
Cells that release histamine and heparin in response to tissue injury are called A) fibroblasts. B) adipocytes. C) melanocytes. D) macrophages. E) mast cells.
E
The branch of biological science that deals with how the kidney functions is called A) endocrine physiology. B) histology. C) adrenal anatomy. D) cytology. E) renal physiology.
E
The spleen is normally found in which abdominopelvic region? A) hypogastric B) left inguinal region C) right hypochondriac D) right lumbar region E) left hypochondriac
E
The study of tissues is called A) systemic physiology. B) pathology. C) cell physiology. D) cytology. E) histology.
E
The term ________ refers to the wrist. A) pes B) tarsus C) manus D) palmar E) carpus
E
The thymus is associated with which organ system? A) nervous B) respiratory C) digestive D) urinary E) endocrine
E
Regarding components of negative feedback in thermoregulation, what is the corresponding term for the skeletal muscles? A) effector B) control center C) receptor D) integrator E) stimulus
A
The pituitary and thyroid glands are components of the A) endocrine system. B) cardiovascular system. C) respiratory system. D) lymphoid system. E) digestive system.
A
The tissue type in the body that lines internal passageways is ________ tissue. A) epithelial B) connective C) muscle D) nervous E) contractive
A
The wrist is ________ to the elbow. A) proximal B) distal C) lateral D) medial E) deep
B
10) The study of body structure is called A) physiology. B) homeostasis. C) anatomy. D) positive feedback. E) negative feedback
C
What is/are the primary function(s) of the skeletal system? A) protection from environment B) internal transport of materials C) support, protection, and mineral storage D) delivery of air for gas exchange E) locomotion and heat production
C
The serous membrane that covers the exposed surfaces of enclosed organs such as the liver and stomach is called the A) pleura. B) peritoneum. C) pericardium. D) perichondrium. E) periosteum.
B
The spleen and liver consist of mainly which connective tissue type? A) areolar tissue B) reticular tissue C) dense regular connective tissue D) fluid connective tissue E) dense irregular connective tissue
B
The study of cells and cellular structures is called A) gross anatomy. B) cytology. C) histology. D) organology. E) microbiology.
B
Thin skin is defined by the thickness of the A) dermis. B) epidermis. C) hypodermis. D) subcutaneous layer. E) integument as a whole.
B
This connective tissue is found in organs with an open meshwork of thin collagen fibers-the liver, spleen, and lymph nodes. It facilitates diffusion and cell movements. A) dense regular connective tissue B) reticular connective tissue C) adipose tissue D) dense irregular connective tissue E) blood
B
What is/are the function(s) of the muscle system? A) help control body temperature B) provides support; produces heat C) provides support; protects tissues; stores minerals D) directs immediate responses to stimuli E) defends against infection and disease
B
Which of the following is an organ? A) blood B) heart C) peritoneum D) connective tissue E) mitochondrion
B
Which of the following is the function of the combination of epidermal ridges and dermal papillae? A) increase storage of nutrients in the digestive tract B) increase surface area for diffusion between the dermis and epidermis C) increase sensory reception D) increase secretion of milk in specialized integumentary glands E) increase large reserves of lipids in adipose tissue
B
Which of the following is the simplest level of organization? A) cellular B) chemical C) organ D) system E) tissue
B
Which type of epithelium lines the stomach and intestinal tract? A) transitional B) simple columnar C) stratified squamous D) simple cuboidal E) pseudostratified ciliated
B
Why does damaged cartilage heal slowly? A) Chondrocytes cannot be replaced if killed, and other cell types must take their place. B) Cartilage is avascular, so nutrients and other molecules must diffuse to the site of injury. C) Damaged cartilage becomes calcified, thus blocking the movement of materials required for healing. D) Chondrocytes divide more slowly than other cell types, delaying the healing process. E) Damaged collagen cannot be quickly replaced, thus slowing the healing process.
B
Your blood glucose level has dropped perilously low because you have been starving yourself for a couple of days to lose weight. Your liver, directed by the hormone insulin, converts its last stored glycogen into glucose to get it out into your bloodstream. In this scenario, the liver is the A) receptor. B) effector. C) control center. D) feedback. E) balance.
B
_______ are terms used when comparing body areas on appendages. A) Lateral and medial B) Proximal and distal C) Superior and inferior D) Supine and prone E) Superficial and deep
B
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1lXtqnnMZY7PM-tS657NGPDjrE83cu750/view?usp=sharing Which of the following is the left inguinal region? A) 3 B) 6 C) 9 D) 4 E) 8
B
The waste products of metabolism are eliminated through the process of A) assimilation. B) absorption. C) excretion. D) digestion. E) resorption.
C
Which directional term indicates the back of the body? A) lateral B) proximal C) dorsal D) ventral E) medial
C
Which membrane type lines cavities that communicate with the exterior and have moist surfaces? A) cutaneous membranes B) serous membranes C) mucous membranes D) synovial membranes E) fibrocartilaginous membranes
C
Which of the following is one of the four main types of tissue? A) glandular B) cardiac C) serous D) epithelial E) skeletal
D
Which secretion type, secreted by the parotid salivary glands, is comprised of a watery solution containing enzymes? A) mucous B) merocrine C) apocrine D) serous E) holocrine
D
Biopsy samples from organs are sent to your lab for staining and then viewing in a microscope. Your area of expertise would be A) regional physiology. B) gross anatomy. C) regional anatomy. D) systemic anatomy. E) histology.
E
Choose the directional term to make the following sentence correct. The knee is ________ to the foot. A) lateral B) medial C) superficial D) distal E) proximal
E
Humans have specialized organ systems compared to smaller organisms because A) we have to interact with our environment and smaller organisms do not. B) smaller organisms do not need as many nutrients. C) our cells are larger. D) small organisms do not do the same processes than humans do. E) there is multicellularity and increased size in larger organisms.
E
The combination of extracellular fibers and ground substance in supporting connective tissues is known as A) proteoglycan. B) lymph. C) plasma. D) collagen. E) matrix.
E
The inner surface of the abdominal body wall is lined by which serous membrane? A) visceral pleura B) visceral pericardium C) visceral peritoneum D) parietal pleura E) parietal peritoneum
E
The type of epithelium found lining the trachea is A) simple squamous. B) simple cuboidal. C) stratified squamous. D) transitional. E) pseudostratified columnar
E
Through which cellular interactions are the cells of the stratum basale firmly attached to the plasma membrane? A) gap junctions B) CAMs C) tight junctions D) connexons E) hemidesmosomes
E
What is the primary function of any serous membrane? A) It covers the outer surface of the body. B) It lines joint cavities and produces fluid within a joint. C) It lines cavities that communicate with the exterior, including the digestive, respiratory, reproductive, and urinary tracts. D) It attaches muscles to the skeleton. E) It minimizes friction between the opposing surfaces when an organ moves or changes shape.
E
Which component of a homeostatic regulation is characterized as having an activity that opposes or enhances the stimulus? A) balance B) control center C) integration center D) positive feedback loop E) effector
E
Which division of anatomy focuses on the form and structure of the heart, blood, and blood vessels? A) regional anatomy B) surface anatomy C) cytology D) histology E) systemic anatomy
E
Which of the following consists of stratified squamous epithelial tissue, areolar tissue, and dense irregular connective tissue? A) mucous membrane B) synovial membrane C) serous membrane D) glandular membrane E) cutaneous membrane
E
Which of the following is a term used to describe the number of layers of epithelial cells? A) transitional B) squamous C) cuboidal D) columnar E) stratified
E
Which statement is true regarding the abdominopelvic regions? A) The bulk of the liver is found within the left hypochondriac region. B) Directly inferior to the umbilical region is the inguinal region. C) The small intestine is located in the bottom three regions only. D) The hypogastric region is where the stomach is located. E) The hypochondriac regions are superior to the lumbar regions.
E
Which structure(s) is/are a component of the digestive system? A) pituitary gland B) ligaments C) urethra D) arteries E) liver
E
Which type of epithelium secretes enzymes and buffers in the pancreas and salivary glands? A) simple squamous B) stratified squamous C) transitional epithelium D) pseudostratified columnar epithelium E) simple cuboidal
E
The epidermal layer whose cells have stopped dividing and started to produce large amounts of keratin is the A) stratum corneum. B) stratum lucidum. C) stratum basale. D) stratum granulosum. E) stratum spinosum.
d
A person who is lying on his or her stomach is said to be in the A) supine position. B) prone position. C) transverse position. D) frontal position. E) sagittal position.
B
A diagnostic technique that employs a radiopaque dye injected into blood vessels is called a(n) A) digital subtractive angiography (DSA). B) radiograph. C) CT scan. D) MRI. E) ultrasound.
A
A difference between mucous membranes and serous membranes is A) whether the cavity is open to the exterior or not. B) the amount of blood vessels lining the cavity wall. C) whether the tissue is epithelial or connective. D) the density of collagen fibers in the cavity wall. E) whether the membrane is thick or thin.
A
A type of intercellular connection in which the outermost lipid portions of two plasma membranes is fused is termed a(n) A) tight junction. B) gap junction. C) intermediate junction. D) desmosome. E) CAM.
A
An initial stimulus produces a response that reinforces the stimulus in A) positive feedback. B) homeostasis. C) negative feedback. D) regulation. E) integration
A
The protein that contributes to many of the skin's protective qualities is called A) melanin. B) keratin. C) carotene. D) dermicidin. E) calcitriol.
B
Covering, protection, and control of body temperature are functions of which organ system of the human body? A) integumentary B) muscular C) skeletal D) nervous E) endocrine
A
Epidermal cells are supplied with nutrients from blood vessels in the A) dermis. B) epidermis. C) hypodermis. D) epidermis and dermis. E) subcutaneous layer.
A
Functions of the skin include A) regulating body temperature. B) synthesizing antibodies. C) producing adipose tissue. D) synthesizing digestive enzymes. E) release of large amounts of hormones.
A
In the terminology of planes and sections, which example includes two terms with identical meanings? A) frontal/coronal B) coronal/horizontal C) equatorial/coronal D) sagittal/midsagittal E) caudal/cranial
A
Lungs are to the respiratory system as the spleen is to the A) lymphatic system. B) urinary system. C) digestive system. D) cardiovascular system. E) muscular system.
A
One difference between a gross anatomist and a histologist would be A) the use of a microscope. B) the need to use sophisticated diagnostic imaging methods. C) one studies physiology and the other studies anatomy. D) which organ systems one studies. E) which diseases are seen
A
One of the key features of epithelial tissue that differentiates it from the other three types of tissue is A) the density of the tissue, with cells connected very closely. B) semipermeability. C) its ability to reproduce. D) the ability to carry large amounts of oxygen. E) its control over the other tissues.
A
Skeletal muscle is to muscle tissue as bone is to A) connective tissue. B) muscle tissue. C) nervous tissue. D) epithelial tissue. E) bone tissue.
A
The cell that accounts for almost half of the volume of blood is the A) red blood cell. B) leukocyte. C) platelet. D) thrombocyte. E) megakaryocyte.
A
The heart is surrounded by the ________ membrane. A) pericardial B) peritoneal C) visceral D) serous E) pleural
A
The main function of a serous membrane is to A) reduce friction. B) protect organs. C) allow blood to pass. D) hold organs together. E) fill empty spaces.
A
The two lines, one vertical and one horizontal, that divide the abdominopelvic area into quadrants cross at the A) umbilicus/navel. B) urinary bladder. C) junction of the small and large intestines. D) diaphragm. E) sternum.
A
Which of the following anatomical landmarks corresponds to the groin? A) inguinal B) cephalon C) gluteus D) lumbus E) thoracis
A
Which of the following cartilage types has little ground substance and has a matrix dominated by collagen fibers? A) fibrocartilage B) hyaline cartilage C) elastic cartilage D) reticular cartilage E) transitional cartilage
A
Which of the following is a connective tissue with a solid matrix? A) cartilage B) blood C) adipose connective tissue D) dense connective tissue E) areolar connective tissue
A
Which of the following is a type of secretion in which cells become packed with secretions and then burst apart and die? A) holocrine B) merocrine C) apocrine D) mucous E) ceruminous
A
Which of the following is an example of negative feedback? A) An increase in normal body temperature triggers heat loss through enhanced blood flow to the skin and increased sweating. B) An increase in ambient room temperature triggers the thermostat to turn on the heater. C) A severe cut triggers accelerated blood clotting until the bleeding stops. D) Increased blood sugar stimulates the release of a hormone from the pancreas that stimulates the liver to release blood sugar. E) An increase in body temperature triggers a neural response that initiates physiological changes to increase body temperature.
A
Which statement is true? A) An organ will likely be composed of different tissues. B) Organs are composed of organ systems. C) Many molecules come together to form atoms. D) All organs in an organ system have the same function. E) The smallest living unit in the body is an atom.
A
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1L08dUQyysWoA6FFndlwsJXZa85oYZAiF/view?usp=sharing The appendix is typically located in which region(s)? A) 2 B) 4 C) 1 D) 3 E) 1 & 3 Answer: A
A
) A person lying face up in the anatomical position is said to be in the ________ position. A) coronal B) supine C) prone D) sagittal E) lateral
B
A small, low-caliber bullet has entered your chest at an angle, through the right lung and then the heart. It is now lodged in heart muscle. The surgeon will have to open some closed cavities of the body and enter those spaces to remove the bullet. What is the order of the cavities and the correct cavities that the surgeon will have to open (starting from the outside)? A) the pleural cavity, the thoracic cavity, the pericardial cavity B) the thoracic cavity, the pleural cavity, the mediastinum, the pericardial cavity C) the thoracic cavity, one pleural cavity, other pleural cavity, pericardial cavity D) the abdominal cavity, the pleural cavity, the pericardial cavity E) the thoracic cavity, the pleural cavity, the pericardial cavity, the mediastinum
B
All of these organ systems have exchange of materials as a main function. A) urinary and digestive B) respiratory and cardiovascular C) cardiovascular and endocrine D) digestive and respiratory E) lymphatic and bone
B
Anterior is to ________ as posterior is to dorsal. A) cranial B) ventral C) caudal D) inferior E) medial
B
As cells are pushed from the deeper portion of the epidermis toward the surface, A) they divide. B) they die. C) their nutrient supply increases. D) they enter the dermis. E) they produce daughter cells
B
Characteristics of living organisms include the ability to A) repair and completely restore itself during any type of injury. B) respond and adapt to their environment. C) control the external environment. D) form positive feedback loops. E) create a protective covering over themselves.
B
Collections of specialized cells and cell products that perform a specific function are A) cellular aggregates. B) tissues. C) organs. D) organ systems. E) cellular strata.
B
Connective tissue structures that attach muscles to bone are called A) mast cells. B) tendons. C) ligaments. D) cartilage. E) nerves.
B
Diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease would be covered in the specialty area of physiology called A) hyperbaric physiology. B) pathophysiology. C) gross anatomy. D) regional anatomy. E) systemic anatomy.
B
Epithelial cells that are adapted for moving material along their apical surface usually have A) many mitochondria. B) cilia. C) microvilli. D) Golgi complexes. E) junctional complexes.
B
In which type of cell junction are two cells held together by embedded membrane proteins called connexons? A) spot desmosome B) gap junction C) tight junction D) hemidesmosome
B
Tendons and ligaments would have a high concentration of ________ cells. A) macrophage B) fibroblast C) reticular D) mast E) collagen
B
The diaphragm separates the ________ cavity from the ________ cavity. A) pleural; mediastinum B) thoracic; abdominopelvic C) pericardial; pleural D) abdominal; pelvic E) pericardial sac; pericardial
B
The fact that a single defective protein causes cystic fibrosis, a multisystemic illness, proves that A) all organisms are composed of cells. B) all levels of organization within an organism are interdependent. C) chemical molecules make up cells. D) all cells are independent of each other. E) congenital defects can be life threatening
B
The heart, blood, and blood vessels combine to form which of the following? A) a group of cells B) an organ system C) the smallest level of organization D) an organ E) an individual living entity
B
The most common type of cartilage is A) ligamentous. B) hyaline. C) elastic. D) fibrous cartilage. E) osseous.
B
The peritoneal cavity contains the A) heart. B) small intestine. C) lungs. D) diaphragm. E) thymus.
B
The production of another human organism is the function of which of the following systems? A) skeletal B) reproductive C) respiratory D) lymphoid E) cardiovascular
B
A collection of cells that work together designates a(n) A) chemical. B) organ. C) tissue. D) organ system. E) molecule.
C
As a result of playing tennis in the summer heat without proper hydration, you have become very dehydrated. You are now in hypernatremia, a condition where your blood sodium levels are too high. Your brain tells you to drink water and, as a result, your blood sodium and hydration levels go back to normal. This illustrates A) positive feedback. B) stimulus reinforcement. C) negative feedback. D) diagnostic regulation. E) both positive and negative feedback loops.
C
Connective tissue fibers are formed from protein subunits secreted by A) macrophages. B) adipocytes. C) fibroblasts. D) antibody-producing cells. E) mast cells.
C
Durable intercellular connections that are abundant between cells in the superficial layers of the skin are called A) tight junctions. B) gap junctions. C) desmosomes. D) CAMS. E) proteoglycans.
C
Gas exchange is a function of the A) cardiovascular system. B) lymphoid system. C) respiratory system. D) urinary system. E) endocrine system.
C
How are the endocrine organ system and nervous organ system alike? A) They both send nerve impulses. B) Each of the systems regulates different activities. C) Together, they both regulate most of the activities of the body. D) They both have many disorders associated with them. E) One system is more involved with young life, whereas the other becomes more important later in life.
C
Milk production from mammary glands is an example of what type of secretion? A) merocrine B) holocrine C) apocrine D) serous E) endocrine
C
Secretions that are discharged directly into the blood are characteristic of ________ glands. A) exocrine B) merocrine C) endocrine D) apocrine E) holocrine
C
The forearm is called the A) acromial. B) olecranon. C) antebrachium. D) lumbus. E) brachium.
C
The mediastinum separates ________ from the ________. A) the pleural cavity; coelom B) the thoracic cavity; peritoneal cavity C) one pleural cavity; other pleural cavity D) the abdominal cavity; pelvic cavity E) the pericardial sac; pericardial cavity
C
The membrane covering the surface of the lung is referred to as the A) visceral pericardium. B) parietal peritoneum. C) visceral pleura. D) serous membrane. E) mediastinum.
C
The prevention of change, by ignoring minor variations and maintaining a normal range rather than a fixed value, is characteristic of A) positive feedback. B) stimulus reinforcement. C) negative feedback. D) effector control. E) both positive and negative feedback loops.
C
The trachea and lungs are components of the A) endocrine system. B) digestive system. C) respiratory system. D) urinary system. E) lymphoid system.
C
Which of the following is an accurate description of the cellular level of organization? A) Cells consist of two or more different tissues working together to perform specific functions. B) Cells are considered to be the largest living units in the body. C) Cells are comprised of different molecules that interact to form larger structures, each type of which has a specific function. D) Cells combine to form molecules with complex shapes, which determine their function(s). E) Cardiac muscle is an example of the cellular level of organization.
C
Which statement about anatomy and physiology is true? A) Physiology is the study of structure. B) Anatomy is the study of structure and function. C) Both anatomy and physiology are needed to understand organ systems and organisms. D) There is only one area of anatomy, whereas there are many subdivisions of physiology. E) Special physiology focuses on a particular organ system.
C
You have damaged your knee playing soccer, specifically the cartilage structure between the bones called the meniscus, and no tissue other than the cartilage has been damaged. Your doctor tells you that it will be many months before you might be able to return to soccer after surgery. What is the best explanation for this? A) Bone has to re-grow in the area, and that takes a while. B) Nerves to the knee have been damaged. C) There is slow healing because of a normal lack of blood supply to cartilage. D) Excessive inflammation inactivates the knee mobility for many months. E) Blood vessels have been destroyed, so the cartilage is not receiving enough nutrients.
C
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1L08dUQyysWoA6FFndlwsJXZa85oYZAiF/view?usp=sharing Tenderness in which region(s) may be an indication of gallbladder or liver problems? A) 2 B) 4 C) 1 D) 3 & 4 E) 3
C
Membranes that consist primarily of areolar tissue and an incomplete layer of epithelial tissue are called ________ membranes. A) serous B) mucous C) cutaneous D) synovial E) peritoneal
D
) Which of the following describes a mechanism that brings the internal environment back to normal? A) integration B) regulation C) positive feedback D) negative feedback E) homeostasis
D
A cardiologist studies the human body mainly with an approach resembling A) gross anatomy. B) surface anatomy. C) microscopic anatomy. D) systemic anatomy. E) regional anatomy.
D
A cut passing parallel to the long axis of the body that divides it into unequal left and right halves is known as which type of sectional plane? A) frontal B) coronal C) transverse D) sagittal E) horizontal
D
Describe the regional term "antecubitis." A) back of knee B) midline of back C) eye D) front of elbow E) forearm
D
Drugs suspended in ________ or ________ can be carried across the plasma membranes of the epidermal cells. A) water; blood B) water; lipids C) oils; alcohol D) oils; lipid-soluble solvents E) sebum; water
D
Exocrine secretions are discharged onto some external or internal body surface through a A) flagellum. B) cilium. C) plasma membrane. D) duct. E) microvillus.
D
Functions of connective tissue include A) specialization for contraction. B) the conduction of electrical impulses. C) glandular secretion production. D) storage of energy reserves. E) control of permeability
D
If you were looking at connective tissue in the microscope, you would notice A) most of the cells in mitosis. B) long, large, multinucleated cells. C) goblet cells embedded in the tissue. D) spaces between the cells. E) the cells layered on top of each other and packed together.
D
Mary, who is six months pregnant, goes to her obstetrician for a test to check the development of her fetus. She uses a device that employs sound waves to produce an image of the fetus. This technique is known as A) an X-ray. B) a CT scan. C) an MRI. D) an ultrasound. E) radiography.
D
Open-heart bypass surgery, to replace obstructed vessels that feed the heart with oxygenated blood, requires a long incision cut down the breastbone. The ribs are then spread to work on the heart. This incision is along the ________ plane. A) frontal B) coronal C) transverse D) sagittal E) oblique
D
Smoking damages the epithelial lining of the trachea, larynx, and airways of the respiratory system. Which problem would be related to this kind of damage? A) diabetes B) snoring C) obesity D) respiratory infections E) problems sleeping
D
Studying all the superficial and internal features in one specific area of the body is called A) gross anatomy. B) surface anatomy. C) systemic anatomy. D) regional anatomy. E) surgical anatomy.
D
The heart, lungs, and small intestine are in body cavities located on the ________ side of the body. A) dorsal B) proximal C) sagittal D) ventral E) superficial
D
The increasingly forceful labor contractions that lead to childbirth are an example of which type of mechanism? A) receptor activation B) effector shutdown C) negative feedback D) positive feedback E) thermoregulation
D
The leg region that is the front part of the calf is also known by its anatomical term, A) tarsal. B) pedal. C) patellar. D) crural. E) carpal.
D
The membrane covering the surface of the stomach is named the A) parietal pleura. B) visceral pleura. C) pericardial sac. D) visceral peritoneum. E) serous membrane.
D
The most diverse tissues of the body are A) muscle tissues. B) nervous tissues. C) epithelial tissues. D) connective tissues. E) adipose tissues.
D
The sternum is ________ to the heart. A) lateral B) proximal C) dorsal D) ventral E) medial
D
The tendency for physiological systems to stabilize internal conditions with respect to the external environment is called A) integration. B) internal regulation. C) responsiveness. D) homeostasis. E) external regulation.
D
Think about the definitions of anatomy and of physiology. The relationship between these two fields is best described by the following statement: A) Anatomy is the study of function. B) All structures are derived from an ancestral structure. C) Physiology becomes more complex over time. D) Structure follows function. E) Organs that have similar function also have similar structure.
D
Using anatomical terms of direction, supply the word that would make the sentence correct. The stomach is ________ to the lungs. A) ventral B) dorsal C) superior D) inferior E) deep
D
What is the anatomical term for the calf? A) crural B) plantar C) calcaneal D) sural E) tarsal Answer: D
D
Which of the following is a characteristic of ground substance in connective tissue proper? A) It is dark red in color. B) It accelerates the movement of bacteria for phagocytosis. C) It is intracellular. D) It is similar in consistency to maple syrup. E) It consists of a solid, crystalline matrix.
D
Which of the following is a correct statement about stratified epithelia? A) They afford little mechanical protection. B) They are characteristic of regions where secretion or absorption occurs. C) They line only internal compartments and passageways. D) They cover surfaces that are subjected to mechanical or chemical stress. E) They are vascular.
D
