a&p
How does spongy bone differ from compact bone?
Spongy bone has trabeculae rather than osteons.
During muscle contraction the ________ move closer together.
Z lines
The boundaries between adjacent sarcomeres are marked by
Z lines.
Thick filaments comprise the
a band
The first step of fracture repair is
a fracture hematoma develops
The structure that arises from the fusion of the three coxal bones is called the
acetabulum
Axon terminals at neuromuscular junctions have vesicles that contain
acetylcholine.
The enzyme that inactivates acetylcholine is
acetylcholinesterase.
Cross bridges form between
actin and myosin.
Muscle contraction is ________ while lengthening is ________.
active; passive
Movement toward the longitudinal axis of the body is called
adduction.
The two major divisions of the skeleton are
appendicular and axial
The muscles that support, move, and brace the limbs are called
appendicular.
Surface features of bones
are structures that relate directly to specific functions, such as muscle attachment.
Normally, bony surfaces in synovial joints are not in contact because of
articular cartilage coverings.
Normal bone movement only occurs at
articulations
The vertebra lacking a body and spinous process is called the
atlas.
Pronation of the wrist means that the palms face
back
A flexor muscle would be responsible for ________ movements.
bending
The distal attachment site for the Achilles tendon is on the
calcareous
Small pathways within the bone matrix that contain cellular processes of osteocytes are called
canaliculi.
The tarsals of the foot are analogous to the ________ of the hand.
carpals
The bones of the wrist are called
carpals.
Swinging one's arms in a large circle is called
circumduction.
The energy of ATP is used in muscle contraction to
cock the myosin head like a mousetrap.
A wave summation with no relaxation phase is called
complete tetanus.
Closed fractures are
completely internal
Bone is a type of ________ tissue.
connective
The period of a twitch that involves cross bridges forming is called
contraction phase
As a result of hypertrophy, stimulated muscles increase in bulk because the
diameter of fibers increases to accommodate more actin and myosin.
The shaft of a long bone is called a(n)
diaphysis
A hinge joint is found at the
elbow
What is the connective tissue that surrounds a muscle organ called?
epimysium
Twisting the foot so the lateral surface is elevated is called
eversion.
Acetylcholine is released from the axon terminal by the process of
exocytosis.
In anatomical position, all joints except the ankle are at full
extension
A compartment of muscle fibers is called a(n)
fascicle.
The largest and heaviest bone(s) in the body is/are the
femur.
Intervertebral discs are composed of
fibrocartilage.
The extensor digitorum muscle is responsible for
finger extension.
The structures that allow the skull to grow and change shape without distortion are called
fontanelles.
Appositional growth adds ________ to bones.
girth
The socket for the shoulder joint is the
glenoid cavity.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of hypertrophy?
greater number of muscle fibers
The portion of the A band that contains only thick filaments is the
h zone
Osteoclasts are typically found
in exposed sites lining the marrow cavity
The superior articular process of one vertebra articulates with the ________ of the vertebrae above it.
inferior articular process
Vertebrae are examples of ________ bone.
irregular
When a muscle contracts but does not change length it is called
isometric contraction
The contraction that changes a skeletal muscle's length is called
isotonic.
During peak muscle activity, like weight lifting, anaerobic ATP production results in production of
lactate
The Cori cycle is a process of shuffling ________ to the liver and ________ to the muscles.
lactate; glucose
Which suture separates the occipital bone from the two parietal bones?
lambdoid
The time where an action potential is sweeping across the sarcolemma, but before contraction cycle begins, is called
latent phase.
Which of the following descriptors about the differences between a male and a female pelvis is FALSE?
less curvature in males
The organ that absorbs and reconverts lactate is the
liver
The femur is an example of a(n) ________ bone.
long
Weight loss is a potential therapy to alleviate the symptoms of
lordosis
Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system?
maintaining pH homeostasis
The bone forming the lower jaw is called the
mandible
The bone that supports the upper teeth is called
maxillae.
Large passageways through bones are called
meatuses.
Turning the anterior surface of the arm toward the trunk is called
medial rotation.
The muscle within a group that is closest to midline might be called
medial.
The property of the sarcolemma that makes an action potential possible is
membrane potential
A motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates is called a(n)
motor unit
An abductor muscle would be responsible for
movement away
The skeletal muscle fibers appear to have striations because they are packed with hundreds of thousands of
myofibrils.
The bones covering the superior portion of the bridge of the nose are called
nasal
The type of cell or tissue most likely to be adversely affected by calcium ion imbalances is
neurons and muscle.
The fixed end of a muscle is called the ________ and the moveable end is called the ________.
origin; insertion
The process of removing and recycling bone matrix is called ________ and is accomplished by ________.
osteolysis; osteoclasts
The force most likely to break a bone would be applied
perpendicular to the diaphysis
Standing on tiptoe is called
plantar flexion.
A muscle that turns a body part prone would be called a
pronator
Increasing the number of active motor units in a contracting muscle is called
recruitment.
Shaking the head "no" is called
rotation
The vertebrae that contribute to the pelvic girdle are called
sacral
The articulation between the sacrum and the ilium is called the
sacroiliac joint.
Myofibrils are surrounded by modified endoplasmic reticulum called
sarcoplasmic reticulum.
The structure that encloses the pituitary is called the
sella turcica
There is/are ________ associated bone(s) of the skull.
seven
A comminuted fracture is characterized by
shattering, with multiple bone fragments.
An example of a ball-and-socket joint is the
shoulder
Which of the following is a role of the fibula?
stabilizing the ankle
An example of a synarthrotic joint is the
sutures
The space separating a muscle cell from a neuron is called
synaptic cleft
Muscles that stabilize points of insertion during muscle movements are called
synergists
The structures that carry action potentials from the sarcolemma to the cell interior are called
t tubules
An example of short bone is the
tarsals
What is the collagen structure that merges skeletal muscle to bone called?
tendon
When muscles contract they can move bone because
tendons attach myofibrils to bone.
During muscle contraction the entire muscle produces ________ on the tendons.
tension
There are ________ tarsal bones in each foot.
7
Which of the following statements about bone and cartilage is TRUE?
Bone is vascular, but cartilage is not.
Thick filaments are held together at their central portion by the
M line.
The distinguishing feature of all cervical vertebrae is
the presence of transverse foramen.
The spinal curves that develop before birth are
thoracic and sacral
Bony support for the lungs and heart is provided by the
thoracic cage.
Which of the following is NOT a structural part of every vertebra?
transverse foramen
By default, the active site for actin-myosin binding is
tropomyosin.
Which is NOT an articulating bone surface feature?
tuberosity
The ribs articulate posteriorly with ________ and anteriorly with ________.
vertebrae; sternum
Adding a second stimulus to a contraction causes a second, more powerful contraction. This phenomenon is called
wave summation.
Skeletal muscles will contract
when stimulated by the nervous system
