a&p

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How does spongy bone differ from compact bone?

Spongy bone has trabeculae rather than osteons.

During muscle contraction the ________ move closer together.

Z lines

The boundaries between adjacent sarcomeres are marked by

Z lines.

Thick filaments comprise the

a band

The first step of fracture repair is

a fracture hematoma develops

The structure that arises from the fusion of the three coxal bones is called the

acetabulum

Axon terminals at neuromuscular junctions have vesicles that contain

acetylcholine.

The enzyme that inactivates acetylcholine is

acetylcholinesterase.

Cross bridges form between

actin and myosin.

Muscle contraction is ________ while lengthening is ________.

active; passive

Movement toward the longitudinal axis of the body is called

adduction.

The two major divisions of the skeleton are

appendicular and axial

The muscles that support, move, and brace the limbs are called

appendicular.

Surface features of bones

are structures that relate directly to specific functions, such as muscle attachment.

Normally, bony surfaces in synovial joints are not in contact because of

articular cartilage coverings.

Normal bone movement only occurs at

articulations

The vertebra lacking a body and spinous process is called the

atlas.

Pronation of the wrist means that the palms face

back

A flexor muscle would be responsible for ________ movements.

bending

The distal attachment site for the Achilles tendon is on the

calcareous

Small pathways within the bone matrix that contain cellular processes of osteocytes are called

canaliculi.

The tarsals of the foot are analogous to the ________ of the hand.

carpals

The bones of the wrist are called

carpals.

Swinging one's arms in a large circle is called

circumduction.

The energy of ATP is used in muscle contraction to

cock the myosin head like a mousetrap.

A wave summation with no relaxation phase is called

complete tetanus.

Closed fractures are

completely internal

Bone is a type of ________ tissue.

connective

The period of a twitch that involves cross bridges forming is called

contraction phase

As a result of hypertrophy, stimulated muscles increase in bulk because the

diameter of fibers increases to accommodate more actin and myosin.

The shaft of a long bone is called a(n)

diaphysis

A hinge joint is found at the

elbow

What is the connective tissue that surrounds a muscle organ called?

epimysium

Twisting the foot so the lateral surface is elevated is called

eversion.

Acetylcholine is released from the axon terminal by the process of

exocytosis.

In anatomical position, all joints except the ankle are at full

extension

A compartment of muscle fibers is called a(n)

fascicle.

The largest and heaviest bone(s) in the body is/are the

femur.

Intervertebral discs are composed of

fibrocartilage.

The extensor digitorum muscle is responsible for

finger extension.

The structures that allow the skull to grow and change shape without distortion are called

fontanelles.

Appositional growth adds ________ to bones.

girth

The socket for the shoulder joint is the

glenoid cavity.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of hypertrophy?

greater number of muscle fibers

The portion of the A band that contains only thick filaments is the

h zone

Osteoclasts are typically found

in exposed sites lining the marrow cavity

The superior articular process of one vertebra articulates with the ________ of the vertebrae above it.

inferior articular process

Vertebrae are examples of ________ bone.

irregular

When a muscle contracts but does not change length it is called

isometric contraction

The contraction that changes a skeletal muscle's length is called

isotonic.

During peak muscle activity, like weight lifting, anaerobic ATP production results in production of

lactate

The Cori cycle is a process of shuffling ________ to the liver and ________ to the muscles.

lactate; glucose

Which suture separates the occipital bone from the two parietal bones?

lambdoid

The time where an action potential is sweeping across the sarcolemma, but before contraction cycle begins, is called

latent phase.

Which of the following descriptors about the differences between a male and a female pelvis is FALSE?

less curvature in males

The organ that absorbs and reconverts lactate is the

liver

The femur is an example of a(n) ________ bone.

long

Weight loss is a potential therapy to alleviate the symptoms of

lordosis

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system?

maintaining pH homeostasis

The bone forming the lower jaw is called the

mandible

The bone that supports the upper teeth is called

maxillae.

Large passageways through bones are called

meatuses.

Turning the anterior surface of the arm toward the trunk is called

medial rotation.

The muscle within a group that is closest to midline might be called

medial.

The property of the sarcolemma that makes an action potential possible is

membrane potential

A motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates is called a(n)

motor unit

An abductor muscle would be responsible for

movement away

The skeletal muscle fibers appear to have striations because they are packed with hundreds of thousands of

myofibrils.

The bones covering the superior portion of the bridge of the nose are called

nasal

The type of cell or tissue most likely to be adversely affected by calcium ion imbalances is

neurons and muscle.

The fixed end of a muscle is called the ________ and the moveable end is called the ________.

origin; insertion

The process of removing and recycling bone matrix is called ________ and is accomplished by ________.

osteolysis; osteoclasts

The force most likely to break a bone would be applied

perpendicular to the diaphysis

Standing on tiptoe is called

plantar flexion.

A muscle that turns a body part prone would be called a

pronator

Increasing the number of active motor units in a contracting muscle is called

recruitment.

Shaking the head "no" is called

rotation

The vertebrae that contribute to the pelvic girdle are called

sacral

The articulation between the sacrum and the ilium is called the

sacroiliac joint.

Myofibrils are surrounded by modified endoplasmic reticulum called

sarcoplasmic reticulum.

The structure that encloses the pituitary is called the

sella turcica

There is/are ________ associated bone(s) of the skull.

seven

A comminuted fracture is characterized by

shattering, with multiple bone fragments.

An example of a ball-and-socket joint is the

shoulder

Which of the following is a role of the fibula?

stabilizing the ankle

An example of a synarthrotic joint is the

sutures

The space separating a muscle cell from a neuron is called

synaptic cleft

Muscles that stabilize points of insertion during muscle movements are called

synergists

The structures that carry action potentials from the sarcolemma to the cell interior are called

t tubules

An example of short bone is the

tarsals

What is the collagen structure that merges skeletal muscle to bone called?

tendon

When muscles contract they can move bone because

tendons attach myofibrils to bone.

During muscle contraction the entire muscle produces ________ on the tendons.

tension

There are ________ tarsal bones in each foot.

7

Which of the following statements about bone and cartilage is TRUE?

Bone is vascular, but cartilage is not.

Thick filaments are held together at their central portion by the

M line.

The distinguishing feature of all cervical vertebrae is

the presence of transverse foramen.

The spinal curves that develop before birth are

thoracic and sacral

Bony support for the lungs and heart is provided by the

thoracic cage.

Which of the following is NOT a structural part of every vertebra?

transverse foramen

By default, the active site for actin-myosin binding is

tropomyosin.

Which is NOT an articulating bone surface feature?

tuberosity

The ribs articulate posteriorly with ________ and anteriorly with ________.

vertebrae; sternum

Adding a second stimulus to a contraction causes a second, more powerful contraction. This phenomenon is called

wave summation.

Skeletal muscles will contract

when stimulated by the nervous system


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