A&P2 chapter 17

named for stimulating the cortex of the adrenal gland

ACTH

name means "against urine"

ADH

Insulin stimulates this tissue to convert glucose to triglycerides

Adipose tissue

named for directly affecting the thyroid

TSH

ADH helps to conserve water during dehydration TorF

True

erythropoietin stimulates increased production of this tissue

blood tissue

parathyroid hormone stimulates this tissue to release calcium

bone tissue

The most conspicuous effects of GH-IGF1 are on

bone, cartilage, muscle

which of the following is a function of ADH -increase urine volume output and cause blood vessel dilation -increase urine volume output and cause blood vessel constriction -decrease urine volume output and cause blood vessel constriction -decrease urine volume output, but has no effect on blood vessels

decrease urine volume output and cause blood vessel constriction

individuals with type 1 diabetes ______ -are allergic to insulin -overproduce insulin -do not respond to insulin -do not produce insulin

do not produce insulin

TorF: steroid hormones are water soluble

false

the endocrine system is comprised of ____ that secrete hormones

glands, cells, tissues

Secretes angiotensinogen and erythropoietin

liver

epinephrine binds to muscarinic receptors in this tissue to cause increased secretion of sweat.

merocrine sweat glands

thyroxine, epinephrine

monoamines

follicle-stimulating hormone stimulates the production of sperm in this tissue

seminiferous tubules

Testosterone, estradiol

steroids

choose the correct statement(s) on how cells regulate their sensitivity to circulating hormones. 1. receptor hormone interactions are similar to the enzyme-substrate interactions 2. receptors chemically change their ligands 3. a receptor for one hormone will not bind other hormones 4. when all the receptor molecules are occupied by hormone molecules, adding more hormone cannot produce any greater effect. 5. receptors do not exhibit enzyme-like specificity and saturation

1,3,4

When blood glucose is high, beta cells of the 1. ______ secrete 2______ uptake of glucose by the liver, muscles, and fat cells 3________ As a result, 4_________ levels decrease when blood glucose levels are too low, alpha cells of the pancreas secrete 5_________ as a result, the 6 __________ releases glucose into the blood these are each and example of a 7__________ feedback system blood glucose, negative, increases, insulin, adrenal glands, hypothalamus, positive, pancreas, glucagon, liver

1. pancreas 2. insulin 3. increases 4. blood glucose 5. glucagon 6. liver 7. negative

Choose the accurate statement(s) about how communication by the nervous and endocrine systems differ. 1: the nervous system adapts relatively slowly and may respond for days to weeks 2. the nervous system releases neurotransmitters at synapses at specific target cells 3. the endocrine system reacts more slowly to stimuli, often taking seconds to days 4. the endocrine system stops quickly when stimulus stops 5. the endocrine system communicates by means of hormones

2,3,5

match the hormone abbreviations with their functions: 1. ADH 2. PRL 3. ACTH 4. LH 5. TRH stimulates ovulation stimulates production of TSH and PRL stimulates secretion of anti-stress hormones stimulates milk synthesis stimulates water retention

4,5,3,2,1

named for causing the release of ACTH

CRH

communicates by means of hormones, releases hormones into the bloodstream for general distribution, sometimes has very general effects, reacts more slowly to stimuli, may continue responding long after stimulus stops

Endocrine system

Named for the effect on gamete production

FSH

TorF: epinephrine has to cross the cell membrane to bind to its receptor in the cytoplasm

False

TorF: type one diabetes in obese patients can be treated with metformin (an oral anti-diabetic drug)

False

The binding of epinephrine to its receptor activates a(n)_____ -A protein -D protein -G protein -K protein

G protein

which of the following is a function of growth hormone check all that apply - GH promotes tissue growth -GH inhibits protein synthesis -GH targets many organs -GH stimulate milk secretion by the mammary glands -GH promotes tissue repair and maintenance throughout life

GH promotes tissue growth GH targets many organs GH promotes tissue repair and maintenance throughout life

named for causing the release of hormone affecting the gonads

GnRH

secretes peptide YY, a hormone that suppresses the appetite

Intestines

Named for producing the conversion of the follicle into a corpus luteum

LH

Communicates by means of electrical impulses, releases neurotransmitters at synapses, usually has relatively local specific effects, stops quickly when stimulus stops, reacts quickly to stimuli

Nervous system

name means "promoting milk production"

PRL

name means "near the thyroid"

PTH

the mode of action of steroid hormones involves - a second messenger - inhibition of protein synthesis - stimulation of mRNA transcription

Stimulation of mRNA transcription

named for the number of iodine molecules in the hormone

T3

which of the following statements about thyroid hormones is true? -T3 and T4 both enter the target cells -only the T4 form can enter the nucleus -inside the target cell, all T3 is converted to T4

T3 and T4 both enter the target cells

ADH travels to its target cells via the bloodstream TorF

True

the second messenger cAMP is synthesized by the enzyme ____ - cAMP phoshodiesterase - ATPase -Adenylyl cyclase - phosphorylase - ligase

adenylyl cyclase

secretes leptin, which has long term appetite-regulating affects

adipose tissue

inadequate hormone release is called hypo-secretion, it can result form________ - tumors or lesions that destroy an endocrine gland -tumors or lesions that interfere with its ability to receive signals from another gland -inadequate stimulation of the gland -all choices are correct

all choices are correct

hormone interactions and the appropriate interactive effect antagonistic, permissive, synergistic one hormone opposes the action of another, the effects of insulin and glucagon on blood glucose levels

antagonistic

produced by the hypothalamus or the anterior pituitary gland? Luteinizing hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone (thyrotropin), adrenocorticotropic hormone, growth hormone

anterior pituitary gland

epinephrine stimulates the beta receptors of this tissue producing cAMP production and calcium permeability

cardiac tissue

individuals with type 2 diabetes -do not respond to insulin -break down insulin -are allergic to insulin

do not respond to insulin

up or down regulation: in response to a chronic abundance of hormone, the target cell reduces the concentration of receptors this results in decreased sensitivity this is the receptor response to an increase in circulating hormone an example would be a decreased number of hormone receptors resulting from chronically high insulin

down regulation

TorF: type 2 diabetics are initially treated with injection of insulin

false

secretes natriuretic peptide to lower blood pressure

heart

the steroid hormone receptor complex binds to _____ - hormone response elements in DNA - hormone response elements in mRNA - hormone response elements on proteins

hormone response elements in DNA

Growth hormone stimulates Chondroblasts and hyperplasia in this tissue and ossification of matrix

hyaline cartilage

hyper-secretion or hypo-secretion epinephrine: persistently high blood pressure estrogen: in men- development of breasts follicle stimulating hormone: increased number of mature ova produced parathyroid hormone: persistently elevated blood calcium growth hormone during adulthood, acromegaly

hypersecretion

hyper-secretion or hypo-secretion insulin: persistently elevated blood glucose glucagon: persistently low blood glucose erythropoietin: anemia gonadotropin releasing hormone, infertility growth hormone during adolescence: dwarfism

hypo-secretion

Dehydration is detected by osmoreceptors in the ___

hypothalamus

produced by the hypothalamus or the anterior pituitary gland? Gonadotropin-releasing hormone, thyrotropin-releasing hormone, corticotropin-releasing hormone, prolactin-inhibiting hormone, growth hormone releasing hormone, samotostatin

hypothalamus

the rate of hormone removal is called the _______, and the length of time required to clear 50% of the hormone from the blood is the _________ -metabolic clearance rate; half-life -half-life; metabloic clearance rate -synergistic effect; half life -none of the choices are correct

metabolic clearance rate; half-life

secretes a hormone that stimulates the pancreas and adipose tissue

osseous tissue

hyperglycemia stimulates these cells to secrete insulin

pancreatic islets

steroid or peptide hydrophilic, bind to membrane bound receptors, require second messenger systems, elicit responses almost immediately

peptide

insulin, angiotensin II

peptides

hormone interactions and the appropriate interactive effect antagonistic, permissive, synergistic one hormone enhances the target organ's response to a second hormone that is secreted later, the effects of estrogen and progesterone on the uterus

permissive

the enzyme alpha-kinase adds ______ to proteins -Acetates -Phosphates -carbonates -benzoats -hyroxyls

phosphates

antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is released by the ______

posterior pituitary

steroid hormones bind to _______ of the target cell - carbohydrate receptors on the cell membrane - protein receptors in the cytoplasm or nucleus - protein receptors on the cell membrane - carbohydrate receptors in the cytoplasm

protein receptors in the cytoplasm or nucleus

Growth hormone stimulates this tissue to hypertrophy in response to mechanical trauma

skeletal muscle tissue

steroid or peptide: require a transport protein, hydrophobic, bind to receptors in the cells nucleus, elicit responses over several hours to days

steroid

Secretes gastrin which stimulates hydrochloric acid production

stomach

hormone interactions and the appropriate interactive effect antagonistic, permissive, synergistic two or more hormones act together to produce an effect that is greater than the sum of their separate effects, the effects of FSH and testosterone on sperm production

synergistic

the thyroid gland secretes large amounts of _____ and _____ -triiodothyronine; no tetraiodothyronine -tetraiodothyronine; small amounts of triiodothyronine -tetraiodothyronine; no triiodothyronine

tetraiodothyronine; small amounts of triiodothyronine

which of the following statements about thyroxine is true? -it is water-insoluble -it is lipophilic -it cannot pass through the cell membrane -the first and second choices are correct -all three choices are correct

the first and second choices are correct

which of the following is a function of prostaglandins? -they inhibit fever and pain, two cardinal signs of inflammation -they promote gastric secretions -they inhibit blood circulation through the kidney and decrease water and electrolyte excretion -they function as neuromodulators, altering the release or effects of neurotransmitters in the brain

they function as neuromodulators, altering the release or effects of neurotransmitters in the brain

TorF: steroid hormones travel in the blood attached to protein carriers

true

TorF: the hypothalamus secretes eight hormones, six to regulate the anterior pituitary and two that are stored in the posterior pituitary.

true

TorF: the thyroxine-hormone receptor complex increases the level of transcription of a specific genes

true

TorF: thyroxine is brought to target cells via a protein-carrier

true

up or down regulation in response to a chronic lack of a hormones, the target cell increases the concentration of receptors this results in a greater response to the same magnitude of hormone release an increased number of testosterone receptors in skeletal muscle following resistance training is an example of this

up regulation