AB545 Positive Punishment
Acronym for the guidelines for using punishment effectively
PLS, BE KIND
What are the ethical considerations?
-"Right to safe and humane treatment -Least restrictive alternativeRight to effective treatment -Punishment policy and procedural safeguards"
What are the Potential Side Effects of Punishment?
-Elicitation of undesirable emotional responding (emoting). -Evokes aggression -Escape and avoidance -Increased frequency of the problem behavior under non-punishment conditions. -Modeling undesirable behavior (if you try to punish while irritated). -Does not teach the learner what to do. -Overusing punishment because of the negative reinforcement.
Define Response interruption and redirection (RIRD)
-Interrupt the targeted response --Motor --Vocal -Redirect to high probability behaviors -Can be used alongside other procedures
What are examples of conditioned punishers?
-Person's conditioning history -Tone conditioned when paired enough time with the shock
Define Reprimands
-The delivery of verbal reprimands following the occurrence of misbehavior -"No!" "Stop!" "Don't do that!"
Define Positive Punishment
-The stimulus change (consequence) can be addition of stimulus that decreases the future frequency of behavior -Positive punishment occurs when a stimulus is presented following a behavior and the behavior (response class) reduces in frequency.
Example of restitution overcorrection
-child would step in mud and run in house, so child would clean mud and sweep the entire floor -if child throws paper all over room, child picks up paper and vacuums room
Example of positive practice overcorrection
-child would step in mud and run inside, so learner would need to wipe boots 20 times before entering -child would slam doors, so child would have to go back and open and shut doors nicely three times
_______ is the process of discontinuing reinforcement of a previously reinforced response, which causes a ______ in the rate of that response
-extinction -decrease
What are the Factors Influencing the Effectiveness of Punishment?
-immediacy -intensity -The schedule and consistency of punishment -Reinforcement for the target behavior -Reinforcement for alternative behaviors
Negative punishment involves the _____ of a stimulus, which ______ the future probability of behavior
-removal -decreases
What are the positive punishment interventions?
-reprimands -response blocking -response interruption and redirection (RIRD) -contingent exercise -overcorrection -Restitutional Overcorrection -Positive practice overcorrection
Define Punishment
A behavior has a stimulus change that decreases the future frequency of the behavior
Define contingent exercise
An intervention in which a person is required to perform a response that is not topographically related to the problem behavior
Define positive practice overcorrection
Contingent on an occurrence of the target behavior the learner is required to repeat a correct form of the behavior, or a behavior incompatible with the problem, a specified number of times
Define Restitutional overcorrection
Contingent on the problem behavior, the learner is required to repair or return the environment to its original state and then to engage in additional behavior to bring the environment to a condition vastly better than it was in prior to the misbehavior
Define Overcorrection
Effortful behavior related to problem behavior (use a behavior RELATED to the response occurring: opposite of contingent exercise)
What are examples of unconditioned punishers?
Painful stimulation (e.g., physical trauma), certain odors and tastes, physical restraint, loss of bodily support, and extreme muscular effort
What are the Guidelines for using punishment effectively?
P - Provide: Provide response prompts and reinforcement for alternative behavior L - Level: Optimum level of intensity is important. Use the least intensity of punisher that is effective S - Side effects: Always watch for side effects of punishment B - Beginning of chain: Deliver the punisher at the beginning of the response chain. E - Each instance: Punish each instance of the behavior K - Know personally: Experience the punisher personally I - Immediate: Deliver the punisher immediately N - Neutral: Deliver the punisher unemotionally D - Daily data: Record, graph and evaluate data daily
Define response blocking
Physically intervening as soon as the person begins to emit the problem behavior to prevent or "block" the completion of the response has been show to be effective in reducing the frequency of some problem behaviors
Side effects of response blocking
Side effects such as aggression and resistance to the response blocking procedure have occurred in some studies
Define Negative punishment
The stimulus change (consequence) can be removal of stimulus that decreases the future frequency of behavior
True/False Positive punishment involves the presentation of a stimulus, whereas negative punishment involves the removal of a stimulus
True
True/False Reprimands is an example of negative punishment
false
Example of contingent exercise
if a child is yelling, have child do 10 jumping jacks (use a behavior not related to the response occurring)
Example of RIRD
interrupt the target behavior either by motor or vocal and redirect to a behavior the client knows and can engage in
Punishment results in a ______ decrease in behavior
rapid