AB545 Positive Punishment

Acronym for the guidelines for using punishment effectively

PLS, BE KIND

What are the ethical considerations?

-"Right to safe and humane treatment -Least restrictive alternativeRight to effective treatment -Punishment policy and procedural safeguards"

What are the Potential Side Effects of Punishment?

-Elicitation of undesirable emotional responding (emoting). -Evokes aggression -Escape and avoidance -Increased frequency of the problem behavior under non-punishment conditions. -Modeling undesirable behavior (if you try to punish while irritated). -Does not teach the learner what to do. -Overusing punishment because of the negative reinforcement.

Define Response interruption and redirection (RIRD)

-Interrupt the targeted response --Motor --Vocal -Redirect to high probability behaviors -Can be used alongside other procedures

What are examples of conditioned punishers?

-Person's conditioning history -Tone conditioned when paired enough time with the shock

Define Reprimands

-The delivery of verbal reprimands following the occurrence of misbehavior -"No!" "Stop!" "Don't do that!"

Define Positive Punishment

-The stimulus change (consequence) can be addition of stimulus that decreases the future frequency of behavior -Positive punishment occurs when a stimulus is presented following a behavior and the behavior (response class) reduces in frequency.

Example of restitution overcorrection

-child would step in mud and run in house, so child would clean mud and sweep the entire floor -if child throws paper all over room, child picks up paper and vacuums room

Example of positive practice overcorrection

-child would step in mud and run inside, so learner would need to wipe boots 20 times before entering -child would slam doors, so child would have to go back and open and shut doors nicely three times

_______ is the process of discontinuing reinforcement of a previously reinforced response, which causes a ______ in the rate of that response

-extinction -decrease

What are the Factors Influencing the Effectiveness of Punishment?

-immediacy -intensity -The schedule and consistency of punishment -Reinforcement for the target behavior -Reinforcement for alternative behaviors

Negative punishment involves the _____ of a stimulus, which ______ the future probability of behavior

-removal -decreases

What are the positive punishment interventions?

-reprimands -response blocking -response interruption and redirection (RIRD) -contingent exercise -overcorrection -Restitutional Overcorrection -Positive practice overcorrection

Define Punishment

A behavior has a stimulus change that decreases the future frequency of the behavior

Define contingent exercise

An intervention in which a person is required to perform a response that is not topographically related to the problem behavior

Define positive practice overcorrection

Contingent on an occurrence of the target behavior the learner is required to repeat a correct form of the behavior, or a behavior incompatible with the problem, a specified number of times

Define Restitutional overcorrection

Contingent on the problem behavior, the learner is required to repair or return the environment to its original state and then to engage in additional behavior to bring the environment to a condition vastly better than it was in prior to the misbehavior

Define Overcorrection

Effortful behavior related to problem behavior (use a behavior RELATED to the response occurring: opposite of contingent exercise)

What are examples of unconditioned punishers?

Painful stimulation (e.g., physical trauma), certain odors and tastes, physical restraint, loss of bodily support, and extreme muscular effort

What are the Guidelines for using punishment effectively?

P - Provide: Provide response prompts and reinforcement for alternative behavior L - Level: Optimum level of intensity is important. Use the least intensity of punisher that is effective S - Side effects: Always watch for side effects of punishment B - Beginning of chain: Deliver the punisher at the beginning of the response chain. E - Each instance: Punish each instance of the behavior K - Know personally: Experience the punisher personally I - Immediate: Deliver the punisher immediately N - Neutral: Deliver the punisher unemotionally D - Daily data: Record, graph and evaluate data daily

Define response blocking

Physically intervening as soon as the person begins to emit the problem behavior to prevent or "block" the completion of the response has been show to be effective in reducing the frequency of some problem behaviors

Side effects of response blocking

Side effects such as aggression and resistance to the response blocking procedure have occurred in some studies

Define Negative punishment

The stimulus change (consequence) can be removal of stimulus that decreases the future frequency of behavior

True/False Positive punishment involves the presentation of a stimulus, whereas negative punishment involves the removal of a stimulus

True

True/False Reprimands is an example of negative punishment

false

Example of contingent exercise

if a child is yelling, have child do 10 jumping jacks (use a behavior not related to the response occurring)

Example of RIRD

interrupt the target behavior either by motor or vocal and redirect to a behavior the client knows and can engage in

Punishment results in a ______ decrease in behavior

rapid