AbII exam 1

Normal average measurement of the portal vein is: A) 0.1cm B) 1.3cm C) 1.7cm D) 2.2cm

1.3cm

In the adult, splenomegaly is diagnosed when the length of the spleen exceeds: A) 11cm B) 12cm C) 13cm D) 14cm

13cm

The diameter of the IVC should never exceed: 1.5 cm 2.5 cm 3.5 cm 8 mm

2.5 cm

An AAA is present when the diameter of the abdominal aorta exceeds: 10 mm 2.5 mm 3 cm 2 mm

3 cm

A baseline renal transplant sonographic examination is performed within _____ hours after surgery. A) 4 B) 12 C) 48 D) 72

48

A cystlike enlargement of the distal end of the ureter is called: A) A ureterocele B) A diverticula C) A urachal cyst D) cystitis

A ureterocele

An outpatient with a history of back pain and hypertension presents to the ultrasound department for an abdominal aortic sonogram. Sonographically, you visualize a 6 cm infrarenal aortic aneurysm with an echogenic linear structure noted gently swaying in the aortic lumen. What is the most likely diagnosis? Aortic rupture Chronic aortic aneurysm Aortic dissection

Aortic dissection

Occlusion of the hepatic veins describes: Marfan syndrome Klinefelter syndrome Morrison syndrome Budd-Chiari syndrome

Budd-Chiari syndrome

Patients with right-side heart failure and elevated systemic venous pressure may develop: A) Fatty Liver B) Portal-systemic anastomoses C) Marked dilation of the intrahepatic veins D) nonfocal liver disease

C) marked dilation of the intrahepatic veins

The first main visceral branch of the abdominal aorta is the: SMA Celiac artery Renal arteries Hepatic artery

Celiac artery

What branch and its tributaries of the abdominal aorta appears as a "seagull" in the transverse plane? SMA Hepatic artery Celiac artery Common iliac artery

Celiac artery

Which of the following would most likely yield a high-resistive flow pattern? Celiac artery Common iliac artery Splenic artery Right renal artery

Common iliac artery

Which statement is false for a patient with renal vein thrombosis? A) direct visualization of thrombi in the renal vein and IVC is possible B) There is loss of normal renal structure C) Renal size increases in the acute phase D) Doppler Flow Increases

Doppler Flow increases

Clinical findings of an AAA include all of the following except: Lower extremity pain Back pain Abdominal bruit Elevated hematocrit

Elevated hematocrit

What abnormality would the failure of an EVAR to isolate an aneurysm for circulation most likely result in? Endoleak Aortic dissection Pulmonary embolism Deep venous thrombosis

Endoleak

Which of the following vessels would most likely yield a high-resistive flow pattern? Celiac artery Common hepatic artery Renal artery Fasting SMA

Fasting SMA

The most common shape of an AAA is: Saccular Bulbous True Fusiform

Fusiform

The veins seen attaching to the IVC just below the diaphragm are the: Renal veins Superior mesenteric vein Hepatic veins Celiac axis

Hepatic veins

Which of the following would have a pulsatile, triphasic blood flow pattern? Renal veins Hepatic veins Gonadal viens Common iliac veins

Hepatic veins

Fatty infiltration may be seen in all patients except those with: A) Diabetes Mellitus B) Chronic Alcoholism C) Hepatoportal Fistula D) Hepatitis

Hepatoportal fistula

What flow pattern would the postprandial SMA yield in small bowel ischemia? High resistive Low resistive

High resistive

With splenomegaly, the left kidney may be displaced: A) inferior B) cephalad C) medial D) anterior

Inferior

What vessel may attach to the splenic vein before reaching the portal confluence? Left renal vein Inferior mesenteric vein Right renal vein Celiac vein

Inferior mesenteric vein

A patient presents to the sonography department with a history of Marfan syndrome. The sonographic evaluation reveals a linear echo within the aortic lumen that extends from the celiac axis to the iliac arteries. Color Doppler reveals flow throughout the aorta on both sides of the linear echo. The patient has had not surgeries and there is no AAA. What does the linear echo most likely represent? Calcific thrombus Intimal flap EVAR Aortic fitler

Intimal flap

A triangular-shaped lesion on the peripheral border of the kidney most likely represents a(n): A) Renal Tumor B) Artifact from rib C) IVC compression D) Junctional Parenchymal Defect

Junctional Parenchymal Defect

The left gonadal vein drains directly into the: IVC Superior mesenteric vein Left renal vein Left iliac vein

Left renal vein

What vessel can often be noted coursing between the SMA and the abdominal aorta in the transverse scan plane? Left renal vein Left renal artery Right renal vein Right renal artery

Left renal vein

What vessel travels directly anterior tot he left renal artery? Left renal vein Hepatic artery Right renal vein Superior mesenteric vein

Left renal vein

The aorta originates at the: Left atrium Right atrium Left ventricle Right ventricle

Left ventricle

What should the postprandial flow pattern be within the SMA? High resistive Low resistive

Low resistive

The hepatic artery should demonstrate: High-resistive flow Low-restive flow

Low-resistive flow

A disorder of the connective tissue characterized by tall stature and aortic and mitral valve insufficiency is: Wilms syndrome Mickel-Gruber syndrome Marfan syndrome Kleinman syndrome

Marfan syndrome

Which of the following statements about the abdominal aorta is not true? Most aneurysm located within the abdominal aorta are false aneurysms The abdominal aorta is located just left of the midline The most common location of an AAA is infrarenal The abdominal aorta is considered to be retroperitoneal in location

Most aneurysm located within the abdominal aorta are false aneurysms

An aneurysm associated with infection is termed: Recanalized Saccular Fusiform Mycotic

Mycotic

Which of the following is not a section of the IVC? Postrenal Pancreatic Prerenal hepatic

Pancreatic

Renal failure is most commonly associated with all of the following EXCEPT: A) increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) B) Increased creatinine C) Acute tubular necrosis D) Renal Cyst

Renal Cyst

Renal vein thrombosis may be visualized in patients with: A) pyelonephritis B) renal calculi C) renal cell carcinoma D) angiomyolipoma

Renal cell carcinoma

A sign of transplant rejection is: A) Resistive index (RI) greater than 0.7 B) RI greater than 0.4 C) RI less than 0.4 D) No RI

Resistive Index (RI) greater than 0.7

The IVC terminates at the: Common iliac veins Right atrium Left atrium Left ventricle

Right atrium

All of the following are branches of the celiac axis except: Right gastric artery Hepatic artery Splenic artery Left gastric artery

Right gastric artery

In the sagittal plane, you recognize a circular, anechoic vascular structure posterior to the IVC. Which of the following would this structure be most likely? Abdominal aorta Left renal vein Right renal artery SMA

Right renal artery

Which vessel would be the shortest in length? Right renal vein Right renal artery Left renal vein Left renal artery

Right renal vein

Enlargement of the IVC, with subsequent enlargement of the hepatic veins, is seen in cases of: Budd-Chiari syndrome Marfan syndrome Left-sided heart failure Right-sided heart failure

Right-sided heart failure

The second main branch of the abdominal aorta is the: SMA Celiac artery Renal arteries Hepatic artery

SMA

Which of the following vessels shows a different flow pattern after eating? Celiac artery Splenic artery Renal artery SMA

SMA

A patient presents with unexplained abdominal pain for a vascular assessment of the SMA. Sonographically, you note that the patient's SMA yields a persistent high-resistive flow pattern. This is indicative of: Crohn disease Intussusception Bowel obstruction Small bowel ischemia

Small bowel ischemia

Which vascular structure may be confused for the main pancreatic duct? Hepatic artery Left gastric artery SMA Splenic artery

Splenic artery

The main portal vein is created by the union of the:

Splenic vein and superior mesenteric vein

Which of the following statements about the IVC is not true? The diameter of the IVC is variable Respiration can affect the size of the IVC The IVC is located to the left of the abdominal aorta The IVC is considered retroperitoneal in location

The IVC is located to the left of the abdominal aorta

Which of the following is not true about the abdominal aorta? The abdominal aorta bifurcate into the common iliac arteries The proximal aorta is situated more anterior than the distal aorta The aorta has a thicker tunica media than the IVC The third major branches of the abdominal aorta are the renal arteries

The proximal aorta is situated more anterior than the distal aorta

The outer wall layer of a vessel is the: Tunica media Tunica intima Tunica rugae Tunica adventitia

Tunica adventitia

The inner wall layer of a vessel, closest to the passing blood is the: Tunica media Tunica intima Tunica rugae Tunica adventitia

Tunica intima

A post-transplant perinephric fluid collection can present as all of the following EXCEPT: A) ureterocele B) hematoma C) urinoma D) lymphocele

Ureterocele

Hydronephrosis may be best demonstrated sonographically by which of the following patterns? A) a distorted shape of the kidney outline B) multiple cystic masses throughout the renal parenchyma C) a fluid-filled pelvocaliceal collecting system D) a hyperechoic pelvocaliceal collecting system

a fluid-filled pelvocaliceal collecting system

Sonographic findings of acute hepatitis include: a. Accentuated brightness, more extensive demonstration of portal vein radicles, and an overall decreased echogenicity of liver b. Decreased brightness and echogenicity of liver c. Increased brightness and echogenicity of liver, and no demonstration of portal vein radicles d. Ascites, decreased brightness, and echogenicity

a. Accentuated brightness, more extensive demonstration of portal vein radicles, and an overall decreased echogenicity of liver

All of the following statements are true about the features most often observed in an intrahepatic mass except: a. Anterior displacement of the right kidney b. Displacement of the hepatic vascular radicles c. External bulging of the liver capsule d. Posterior shift of the IVC

a. Anterior displacement of the right kidney

Elevation of alkaline phosphatase is associated with: a. Biliary obstruction b. Cavernous hemangioma c. Fatty infiltration d. Simple hepatic cysts

a. Biliary obstruction

In severe hepatocellular destruction, the aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels are: a. High b. Moderately high c. Moderate d. Mild

a. High

The fossae of the right portal vein (RPV) and gallbladder are found in the: a. Main lobar fissure b. Left intersegmental fissure c. Right intersegmental fissure d. Left lobar fissure

a. Main lobar fissure

The most common form of neoplastic involvement of the liver is: a. Metastases b. Hepatocellular carcinoma c. Hepatoma d. Hamartoma

a. Metastases

In glycogen storage disease, type I is the most common and is also known as __________ disease. a. von Gierke b. von Gussel c. von Gerpe d. von Slurpie

a. von Gierke

What benign liver tumor has been found in patients with Type I glycogen storage disease? A) Lipoma B) Adenoma C) Cavernous Hemangioma D) Hamartoma

adenoma

What benign liver tumor has been found in patients with type I glycogen storage disease? a. Lipoma b. Adenoma c. Cavernous hemangioma d. Hamartoma

b. Adenoma

Diminished vascular structures within the liver parenchyma most likely represent: a. Obstructive portal disease b. Cirrhosis c. Budd-Chiari syndrome d. Acute viral hepatitis

b. Cirrhosis

Typical symptoms a patient may have with an abscess formation include all of the following except: a. Fever b. Decreased white blood count c. Pain d. Increased white blood count

b. Decreased white blood count

The liver is suspended from the diaphragm and anterior abdominal wall by the: a. Ligamentum teres b. Falciform ligament c. Round ligament d. Triangular ligament

b. Falciform ligament

All of the following statements are true about the features most often observed in an extrahepatic mass except: a. Internal invagination of the liver capsule b. Formation of a triangular fat wedge c. Discontinuity of the liver capsule d. Anteromedial shift of the IVC

b. Formation of a triangular fat wedge

Dilated intrahepatic bile ducts may be seen with all of the following except: a. Intrahepatic mass in the area of the porta hepatis b. Gallstones in the fundus of the gallbladder c. Obstructive stone in the cystic duct d. Lymphadenopathy in the porta hepatis

b. Gallstones in the fundus of the gallbladder

All of the following describe normal portal venous flow except: a. Low-flow velocity b. Hepatofugal flow c. Spontaneous flow d. Phasic flow

b. Hepatofugal flow

Which one of the following is noted in type I glycogen storage disease? a. Small liver and hypoechoic parenchyma b. Hyperechoic liver and hepatomegaly c. Normal texture and hepatomegaly d. Normal texture and prominent intrahepatic biliary ducts

b. Hyperechoic liver and hepatomegaly

The falciform ligament extends from the umbilicus to the diaphragm in a parasagittal plane containing the: a. Ligamentum venosum b. Ligamentum teres c. Quadratus ligamentum d. Ligamentum falciforme

b. Ligamentum teres

The TIPS shunt is placed: Between the main hepatic artery and main portal vein Between a portal vein and hepatic vein Between the common hepatic duct and common bile duct Between a portal vein and hepatic artery

between portal vein and hepatic vein

The most common benign tumor of the liver is: a. Mesenchymal hamartoma b. Adenoma c. Cavernous hemangioma d. Infantile hemangioendothelioma

c. Cavernous hemangioma

Patients who have hepatocellular carcinoma are likely to have had: a. Hemochromatosis b. Adenosis c. Cirrhosis d. Carcinosis

c. Cirrhosis

Jim MacDonald, a sheep farmer, arrives at the hospital with right upper quadrant pain, fever, and an elevated white blood cell count. He states that 3 months earlier, he was kicked in the ribs. An irregular mass showing low-level echoes is found on the sonogram. What is your differential diagnosis? a. Amebic abscess b. Hematoma c. Echinococcal cyst d. Hepatic abscess

c. Echinococcal cyst

What benign liver tumor is located near the free edge of the liver, solitary, well-circumscribed, and a nonencapsulated multinodular mass? a. Adenoma b. Cavernous hemangioma c. Focal nodular hyperplasia (FHN) d. Lipoma

c. Focal nodular hyperplasia (FHN)

Budd-Chiari syndrome is a rare disorder caused by obstruction of the: a. Portal veins b. Superior mesenteric vein c. Hepatic veins d. Splenic vein

c. Hepatic veins

Fatty infiltration may be observed in all patients except those with: a. Diabetes mellitus b. Chronic alcoholism c. Hepatoportal fistula d. Hepatitis

c. Hepatoportal fistula

Elevation of serum bilirubin results in: a. Hepatocellular disease b. Ascites c. Jaundice d. Hemolysis

c. Jaundice

The most common site for echinococcal virus growth is in the: a. Lungs b. Bones c. Liver d. Brain

c. Liver

Which one of the following actions should be done to image the near field of the liver? a. Increase transducer frequency. b. Change from a sector to a linear transducer. c. Use a curved array transducer. d. Increase the near gain.

c. Use a curved array transducer.

Diminished vascular structures within the liver parenchyma most likely represent: A) Obstructive Portal Disease B) Cirrhosis C) Budd-Chiari Syndrome D) Acute Viral Hepatitis

cirrhosis

Which one of the following tumors consists of large blood-filled spaces? a. Adenoma b. Hamartoma c. Ewing angioma d. Cavernous hemangioma

d. Cavernous hemangioma

Common malignancies affecting the pediatric population include all of the following except: a. Neuroblastoma b. Wilms tumor c. Leukemia d. Hepatoblastoma

d. Hepatoblastoma

Hepatocellular disease can be defined as a process that affects the: a. Spherocytes and interferes with liver function b. Phagocytes and does not interfere with liver function c. Phagocytes and interferes with liver function d. Hepatocytes and interferes with liver function

d. Hepatocytes and interferes with liver function

The amebic abscess may reach the liver through the: a. Hepatic artery b. Gastroduodenal artery c. Hepatorectal artery d. Portal vein

d. Portal vein

Echinococcal cysts have the highest incidence in countries in which: a. Fishing is common. b. Rock climbing is prevalent. c. Poultry is abundant. d. Sheep grazing is common.

d. Sheep grazing is common.

Which of the following is noted in Type I glycogen storage disease? A) Echogenic small liver B) Echogenic large liver, hepatic adenomas C) normal texture, increased liver, adenoma D) Normal texture, decreased liver, focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH)

echogenic large liver, hepatic adenomas

Portal veins do not drain blood: A) out of the gastrointestinal tract from the lower end of the esophagus to the upper end of the anal canal B) from the pancreas, gallbladder, and bile ducts C) from the spleen D) from the kidneys

from the kidneys

Rare disorder that is the excessive accumulation of iron in the liver known as: hemochromatosis hepatitis echinococcal abscess candidiasis

hemochromatosis

Budd-Chiari syndrome is a rare disorder caused by obstruction of the: A) Portal Veins B) Superior Mesenteric Vein C) Hepatic Veins D) Splenic Veins

hepatic veins

Dilation of the renal pelvis with thinning of the renal cortex is characteristic of: A) duplex collection system B) column of Bertin C) hydronephrosis D) extrarenal pelvis

hydronephrosis

The portal veins carry blood from the _____ to the liver. A) hepatic artery B) intestine C) splenic artery D) peripheral venous system

intestine

A triangular-shaped lesion on the peripheral border of the kidney most likely represents a(n): A) renal tumor B) artifact from rib C) IVC compression D) junctional parenchymal defect

junctional parenchymal defect

Renal sonography is not helpful in evaluating: A) obstructive uropathy B) Cyst formation C) renal function D) angiomyolipoma

renal function