Exam 2 Careers in Psych

working with a bachelors in clinical & counseling psychology

-Human/Social service specialist: variety of job titles, coordination of services, heavy caseloads, grassroots level -Mental Health Technician/Aide: direct contact w/ patients, facilitate treatment

degree options and issues for educational & school psychologists

-doctorate for educational psychologists -specialist's or doctorate for school psychologists, NASP accredited degree program, Nation (NCSP) and state certification, licensure not needed

practice areas of S.E.P. psychology

-improve performance & overall activity -teach strategies & methods -assist athletes, coaches, teams/units, departments

core activities of clinical & counseling psychology

-practice: psychotherapy vs. counseling, assessment, consultation -research: role in careers varies greatly, treatment, assessment, distress/disorders -administration -teaching & supervision

licensure for clinical & counseling psychology

-purpose: protect the public, regulate the practice of a profession, protect the use of a title -variability by state -continuing education -suspension & revocation

core activities for educational & school psychologists

-research: creation of educational programs, assessments and interventions -assessment and interventions -program evaluation -consultation

8 knowledge areas for AASP certification to become a Certified Mental Performance Consultant (CMPC)

1. Professional ethics and standards 2. Sport psychology 3. Sport science 4. Psychopathology 5. Helping relationships 6. Research methods and statistics 7. Psychological foundations of behavior 8. Diversity and culture

preparing as an undergrad for I-O psych

I-O & business coursework, research experience, applied experience

performance psychology

Study and application of psychological principles of human performance to help people consistently perform in the upper range of their capabilities and more thoroughly enjoy the performance process; how psychology can improve psychomotor performance & teamwork

organizational psychology

a subfield of I/O psychology that examines organizational influences on worker satisfaction and productivity and facilitates organizational change; focuses on the organization, not the worker

health psychology

a subfield of psychology that provides psychology's contribution to behavioral medicine; biopsychosocial factors of health & illness

The required coursework for certification as a Certified Mental Performance Consultant falls into ____ knowledge areas, among which are ________. a) 8; professional ethics and standards, sport science b) 6: professional ethics and standards, sport science c) 6; athletic contract negotiation, neurolinguistic programming d) 8: athletic contract negotiation, neurolinguistic programming

a) 8; professional ethics and standards, sport science

Which of the following statements is true? a) A bachelor's degree in psychology qualifies someone to offer treatment recommendations and provide diagnoses. b) A bachelor's degree in psychology does not qualify someone to offer treatment recommendations or provide diagnoses. c) A bachelor's degree in psychology qualifies someone to offer treatment recommendations and provide diagnoses if they have received additional certification. d) A bachelor's degree in psychology qualifies someone to offer treatment recommendations and provide diagnoses in forensic and inpatient settings.

a) A bachelor's degree in psychology qualifies someone to offer treatment recommendations and provide diagnoses.

Which of the following statements is true? a) Educational psychologists and school psychologists are equally likely to work in a school district. b) Educational psychologists are more likely than school psychologists to work in a school district. c) School psychologists are more likely than educational psychologists to work in a school district. d) Educational psychologist are more likely to work in individual public schools, while school psychologists are more likely to have responsibility for an entire school district.

a) Educational psychologists and school psychologists are equally likely to work in a school district.

Which of the following statements about experimental psychologists is false? a) Experimental psychologists are restricted to conducting research in one area chosen during their graduate training. b) The research skills and expertise of experimental psychologists are general enough to be applied to a variety of topics. c) Graduate programs in experimental psychology, and the faculty who guide them, often have a particular research focus. d) Most experimental psychologists choose a specialty or concentration for their research career while in graduate school.

a) Experimental psychologists are restricted to conducting research in one area chosen during their graduate training.

_______, also known as personnel psychology, focuses on the performance of individual employees. a) Industrial psychology b) Business psychology c) Organizational psychology d) a and c

a) Industrial psychology

Jan provides mental health services. She has earned a master's degree in her field. The core of her training was in sogial theory and its applications within a societal system. In her work, she is concerned with the effects of social problems, and she strives to improve the human condition. Jan is most likely a: a) clinical social worker. b) recreational therapist. c) psychiatrist. d) counseling psychologist.

a) clinical social worker.

As a treatment, _________ tends to be shorter-term and involve providing guidance and advice. a) counseling b) psychoanalysis c) referencing d) psychotherapy

a) counseling

A passing score on the Examination for Professional Practice of Psychology: a) is required for the licensing of all clinical and counseling psychologists. b) is only required for the licensing of graduates from professional schools (e.g., PsyD programs). c) is required before a graduate student can be granted a doctoral degree in clinical or counseling psychology. d) is only required for the licensing of graduates from clinical and counseling psychology doctoral programs that are not accredited by APA.

a) is required for the licensing of all clinical and counseling psychologists.

Most psychologists focus __________ throughout their career. a) on either basic or applied research b) about equally on basic and applied research c) exclusively on basic research d) exclusively on applied research

a) on either basic or applied research

A clinical or counseling psychologist's is the theory, or combination of theories, that the psychologist adopts, which provides a framework for understanding human behavior and interventions. a) theoretical orientation b) therapeutic mindset c) practical conviction d) practice approach

a) theoretical orientation

The largest portion of clinical and counseling psychologists employed in academic settings is employed in: a) universities or colleges, teaching and conducting research. b) medical schools, providing education to physicians. c) medical schools, providing treatment to patients and conducting research. d) university or college counseling centers, providing treatment and assessment.

a) universities or colleges, teaching and conducting research.

Although state requirements vary in terms of what is considered a passing score on the EPPP licensure exam, the common minimum score required is: a) 90=100%: b) 70-80%. c) 80-90%. d) 60-70%

b) 70-80%.

Dr. Meyers is a health psychologist whose research interests include the relationship between stress and recovery from acute illness (e.g., pneumonia). Which of the following is not a likely work setting for a health psychologist, like Dr. Meyers, who is focused on research? a) A medical school b) A pharmaceutical company c) A university psychology department d) The National Institutes of Health

b) A pharmaceutical company

Which of the following statements about the practice of health psychologists is false? a) Health psychologists often engage in interdisciplinary practice. b) Health psychologists rarely utilize family therapy and interventions in their practice. c) Health psychologists may utilize health-focused intervention strategies and intervention skills in their practice. d) Health psychologists specialize their consultation skills so they can provide services to other health care providers and staff.

b) Health psychologists rarely utilize family therapy and interventions in their practice.

Which of the following is not one of the six categories that the typical services provided by sport, exercise, and performance psychologists generally fall into? a) Program development b) Massage and physical manipulations c) Assessment d) Consultation with teams, coaches, and troupes

b) Massage and physical manipulations

Samantha is considering a career in I-O psychology. However, she is strongly opposed to working in a field that will have significant involvement with the legal system. Based on what you know about I-O psychology and Samantha's preference, should she pursue this career path? a) Yes, I-O psychologists are rarely involved in issues such as legal compliance. b) No, I-O psychologists may be asked to address legal and policy issues, such as those involved in hiring, firing, promotion, and evaluation processes. c) No. most 1-O psychologists also earn a law degree to gain the knowledge required to navigate the complex legal intricacies of hiring, firing, promotion, and evaluation processes. d) Yes, as long as she does not take electives involving law and I-O practice while in graduate school, she will not be called upon to work in this area.

b) No, I-O psychologists may be asked to address legal and policy issues, such as those involved in hiring, firing, promotion, and evaluation processes.

The ________ is a document that outlines six functional competencies that all health psychologists providing services must possess. It was created in ______. a) Tempe Summit Report; 1992 b) Tempe Summit Report; 2007 c) Boulder Compact: 1992 d) Boulder Compact; 2007

b) Tempe Summit Report; 2007

Which of the following statements about sport, exercise, and performance (SEP) psychology is true? a) A relatively new subfield, SEP psychology does not yet have its own APA Division. b) To differentiate between them, remember that performance psychologists help people while sport psychologists help athletes. c) Sport psychologists who help athletes increase their performance are more accurately called exercise psychologists. d) "Sport psychology" is often used as an umbrella term under which both exercise and performance psychology fall.

b) To differentiate between them, remember that performance psychologists help people while sport psychologists help athletes.

The movement to grant prescription privileges to clinical and counseling psychologists grew in large part out of: a) lobbying efforts from psychiatrists, who are overwhelmed with patients b) a US Department of Defense demonstration project that successfully trained psychologists to prescribe psychotropic medications. c) a 2013 Wired magazine expose that exposed the careless prescribing practices of several prominent psychiatrists d) All of the above

b) a US Department of Defense demonstration project that successfully trained psychologists to prescribe psychotropic medications.

What makes clinical and counseling psychology unique from other applied subfields, like school and clinical health psychology, is: a) that only PhDs are awarded in clinical and counseling psycholoy. while PsyD options are available for school and clinical health psychology b) a focus on improving human functioning by alleviating psychology dysfunction and distress. c) the requirement that clinical and counseling psychologists be licensed, while not all states require licensure of school and clinical health psychologists. d) All of the above

b) a focus on improving human functioning by alleviating psychology dysfunction and distress.

Sandra is a new clinical psychology graduate student. Right now, she is unsure of her theoretical orientation, although she was fascinated by psychoanalytic approaches as an undergraduate. Her mentor, Dr. Bands, has a strong cognitive orientation, which mirrors the preferred orientation of the training program. By the time she graduates with her doctoral degree, Sandra is likely to: a) rebelliously adopt an existential theoretical orientation. b) adopt a cognitive theoretical orientation. c) have no clear theoretical orientation. d) adopt a psychoanalytic theoretical orientation.

b) adopt a cognitive theoretical orientation.

Dr. Fleming designs a parenting workshop based on knowledge about the effects of parenting styles on toddlers' attachments to caregivers. She conducts research to investigate the effectiveness of the workshop. Her research is best described as ________ research. a) basic b) applied c) replicated d) generalized

b) applied

The APA: a) actively discourages the formation of additional master's-level graduate programs in counseling psychology. b) began studying the possibility of accrediting master's-level graduate programs in psychology in 2019. c) accredits master's-level graduate programs in psychology. d) actively discourages the formation of additional master's-level graduate programs in clinical psychology.

b) began studying the possibility of accrediting master's-level graduate programs in psychology in 2019.

In order to practice or direct research, clinical or counseling psychologists must earn a: a) master's degree in research methodology. b) doctoral degree in psychology. c) doctoral degree in counseling. d) master's degree in clinical social work.

b) doctoral degree in psychology.

The number of students seeking predoctoral internships: a) has remained relatively stable over the past 20 years. b) is growing due to the number of professional schools (i.e., PsyD programs) and the number of students they train. c) is growing due to the number of students seeking training for prescription privileges. d) is decreasing due to the increased popularity of master's-level programs (e.g.. social work, professional counseling).

b) is growing due to the number of professional schools (i.e., PsyD programs) and the number of students they train.

According to the textbook, two recent trends in the mental health fields are noteworthy for their impact on the salaries and professional activities of clinical and counseling psychologists: a) prescription privileges for psychologists and master's-level mental health professionals. b) managed care and master's-level mental health professionals. c) managed care and the rise of nurse practitioners d) prescription privileges for psychologists and the rise of nurse practitioners.

b) managed care and master's-level mental health professionals.

The Boulder Model: a) prepares clinical and counseling psychologists to provide assessment and therapy, as well as to prescribe psychotropic medication. b) prepares clinical and counseling psychologists for both research and practice careers. c) focuses primarily on preparing clinical and counseling psychologists for research and academic careers. d) focuses primarily on preparing clinical and counseling psychologists for providing assessment and treatment.

b) prepares clinical and counseling psychologists for both research and practice careers.

Generally speaking, psychiatrists' primary method of treating mental illness is: a) combined individual and group therapy. b) psychotropic medication. c) group therapy. d) individual therapy.

b) psychotropic medication

I-O psychologists' use of ________ assessment techniques makes the hiring process fairer and increases the rates of successful hires. a) projective b) reliable and valid c) lengthy and complex d) expensive

b) reliable and valid

activities of careers in research psychology

basic/applied research, teaching & supervision/mentoring & administration

_________ of doctoral-level graduates from psychology's research-intensive fields are employed in hospitals, human service agencies, government, and business, while ________ are employed in colleges, universities, and medical schools. a) 72%; 16% b) 13%; 87% c) 34%; 66% d) 48%; 40%

c) 34%; 66%

Which of the following best describes the age group with which clinical health psychologists may work? a) Adolescents and teenagers b) The elderly, particularly those is residential facilities c) Any age/the entire lifespan d) Infants and children

c) Any age/the entire lifespan

Which of the following statements about the practice of clinical and counseling psychologists is true? a) Practice is sometimes referred to as clinical or applied work. •b) Practice may involve activities like treatment, assessment, and consultation c) Both a and b d) Neither a nor b

c) Both a and b

The abbreviation "PsyD" means: a) Doctor of Philosophy. b) Doctor of Psychiatry. c) Doctor of Psychology. d) None of the above

c) Doctor of Psychology.

_______ focuses on the entire workplace, or the behavior of a company as a whole. a) Employment psychology b) Personnel psychology c) Organizational psychology d) Industrial psychology

c) Organizational psychology

Any type of formal evaluation of a patient, typically through the use of standardized tests and interview techniques, is known as: a) consultation. b) referencing. c) assessment. d) treatment.

c) assessment

Which of the following is a scenario in which an individual engaged in a career that is related to I-O psychology does not need to seek licensure? a) An individual with a doctorate in I-O psychology works in academia or managing human resource activities. b) An individual obtains a master's degree in I-O psychology and is therefore unable to become licensed as a psychologist. c) Both a and b d) Neither a nor b

c) both a and b

Students earning a doctoral degree in clinical or counseling psychology in the United States are overwhelmingly: a) immigrants. b) Hispanic. c) female. d) physically disabled.

c) female

Cindy has just been accepted to a doctoral program in counseling psychology. She can expect: a) the amount of coursework she takes to remain about the same throughout her graduate training. b) to receive more supervision of her applied experiences as her graduate training progresses. c) her coursework to be heaviest at the beginning of her graduate training. d) her coursework to be heaviest toward the end of her graduate training.

c) her coursework to be heaviest at the beginning of her graduate training

Compared to university-based doctoral programs in clinical and counseling psychology, professional school programs have _______ rates of acceptance and are _______ likely to provide students with full financial assistance. a) higher; more b) lower: less c) higher; less d) lower; more

c) higher; less

In psychology, research-oriented careers: a) are reserved for those who hold a PsyD, rather than a PhD. b) exist in subfields like social and cognitive, but rarely in clinical or counseling. c) occur in every subfield of the discipline. d) are exceedingly rare.

c) occur in every subfield of the discipline.

Clinical and counseling psychologists: a) can prescribe psychotropic medications if they have also earned a bachelor of science in nursing degree. b) cannot prescribe psychotropic medications c) who recelve speclalized training and complete a national certification exam can prescribe psychotropic medications in several states. d) can prescribe psychotropic medications under the supervision of a licensed physician in 48 states.

c) who recelve speclalized training and complete a national certification exam can prescribe psychotropic medications in several states.

practice areas of health psych

clinical health psychology, assessment, intervention & prevention

common settings of careers in research psychology

college/universities, research facilities, government agencies, business/industry

common settings of health psych

college/university & integrated health settings

common settings of S.E.P. psychology

college/university setting

common settings of I-O careers

consultation- consulting firms, administration organizations, research, academic

preparing as an undergrad for S.E.P. and health psychology

coursework, activities

preparing as an undergrad for educational & school psychologists

coursework, activities

preparing as an undergrad in clinical & counseling psychology

coursework, activities

For all doctoral degrees in psychology granted in the United States between 2009 and 2018: a) 62% were in clinical psychology and 5% were in counseling psychology. b) 50% were in clinical psychology and 21% were in counseling psychology. c) 32% were in clinical psychology and 45% were in counseling psychology. d) 33% were in clinical psychology and 10% were in counseling psychology.

d) 33% were in clinical psychology and 10% were in counseling psychology.

A sport psychologist providing treatment services might be asked to work with: a) a ballet dancer with anorexia nervosa. b) a football player with performance anxiety. c) a swimmer with depressive symptoms. d) All of the above

d) All of the above

According to the textbook, common areas of research focus for clinical and counseling psychologists include: a) investigating various treatment and assessment techniques. b) investigating the symptoms, prevalence, development, and impact of psychological disorders. c) the training of future psychologists, supervision, and ethical decision-making. d) All of the above

d) All of the above

Although educational psychologists study a variety of topics, they are most likely to focus on: a) instructional methods. b) factors in student learning. c) environmental variables that affect learning. d) All of the above

d) All of the above

Gayle is in a doctoral program in counseling psychology and will be starting her predoctoral internship next fall. Her predoctoral internship: a) happens after she has completed her graduate coursework. b) will be a year-long, full-time experience. c) will enable her to learn new skills and refine the skills she has already acquired. d) All of the above

d) All of the above

In 2003, APA approved a postdoctoral proficiency area in sport psychology. According to APA's proficiency designation, those served by the profession include _______. a) youth/junior sport participants and organizations b) intercollegiate athletes and athletic departments c) injured athletes d) All of the above

d) All of the above

School psychologists may consult with _______ about the nature of a student's difficulties and recommended interventions. a) teachers b) administrators c) parents d) All of the above

d) All of the above

Those who wish to become licensed to practice clinical health psychology should: a) seek training at an APA-accredited doctoral program in clinical or counseling psychology. b) attend a clinical or counseling psychology doctoral program with an emphasis, track, or research in health psychology. c) consider acquiring board certification after obtaining licensure through the appropriate state board of psychology. d) All of the above

d) All of the above

Which of the following statements about psychological assessments is true? a) Performing psychological assessments is generally the exclusive work of clinical and counseling psychologists. b) Psychological assessments are performed to answer specific questions about patients and their functioning. c) Most clinical and counseling psychologists are trained to conduct and provide feedback about assessments. d) All of the above

d) All of the above

Which of the following statements is most accurate? a) Under no circumstances can psychologists prescribe psychotropic medication. b) Psychologists can prescribe psychotropic medication. c) Psychologists can prescribe psychotropic medication if they have received additional training. d) In some states, psychologists can prescribe psychotropic medication if they have received additional training and passed a national certification exam.

d) In some states, psychologists can prescribe psychotropic medication if they have received additional training and passed a national certification exam.

Some states now participate in the ______ which allows a psychologist licensed in one member state to enjoy reciprocity in other member states. a) PsycPASS Program b) Psychologists Across States Collective c) American Board of Licensing Service d) Psychology Interjurisdictional Compact

d) Psychology Interjurisdictional Compact

According to the textbook, increased interest in the organizational aspects of the workplace came about due to the influence of: a) social psychology. b) government regulations. c) changes in the business culture. d) a and c

d) a and c

There are two types of research in the research-intensive subfields of psychology. They are: a) primary and replication. b) basic and replication. c) correlational and applied. d) basic and applied.

d) basic and applied.

To account for social and cultural factors, as well as move away from the biomedical model traditionally held by psychologists, school psychologists are increasingly turning to a(n) model that accounts forwaried sources of influence on learning and behavior. a) transitional b) psychocognitive c) subiective d) biopsychosocial

d) biopsychosocial

A biopsychosocial framework is considered a key strength of health psychology because: a) it makes psychology the key focus of health. b) it enables researchers and practitioners in health psychology to collaborate more effectively. c) it is narrowly focused, allowing for more targeted research and treatment. d) it ensures that all factors contributing to health are considered.

d) it ensures that all factors contributing to health are considered.

Parity refers to: a) a shift in the treatment of mental health issues from therapy to medication b) private practice settings in which two or more psychologists share the costs of running the practice. c) the process through which managed care companies reimburse psychologists for services provided. d) legislation requiring equal coverage for medical and mental health care.

d) legislation requiring equal coverage for medical and mental health care.

School psychologists are _________ educational psychologists to provide direct interventions in educational settings. a) responsible for training b) about as likely as c) less likely than d) more likely than

d) more likely than

Which of the following statements is true? a) Guidance counselors are more likely than school psychologists to focus on helping students who are experiencing the most significant problems relative to their learning and education. b) School psychology and guidance counseling are essentially the same. c) Both guidance counseling and school psychology require doctoral training. d) none of the above

d) none of the above

Sport, exercise, and performance psychologists employed in academic settings: a) rarely consult with their university's athletic and exercise programs. b) always receive payment for consulting with their university's athletic programs. c) never receive payment for consulting with their university's athletic programs. d) often consult with their university's athletic and exercise programs.

d) often consult with their university's athletic and exercise programs.

school psychology

devoted to counseling children in elementary and secondary schools who have academic or emotional problems; improve students wellbeing, work with students experiencing significant educational difficulties, and mandates for meeting students special needs

earning a degree in I-O psych

doctorate and masters options, (licensure issue, scope of activities depends on the license, etc.), research and applied components

degree options & issues of S.E.P. and health psychology

doctorate is required, departments vary (eg. psychology, kinesiology, health sciences), coursework & training outside psych, certifications

working with a bachelor's in S.E.P. and health psychology

fitness/recreation worker, recreational therapist (certification), occupational or physical therapy assistant (certification & licensure)

earning a degree for careers in research

focus is on becoming an independant researcher, financial support in PhD programs is generous, and master's degrees lead to research-oriented careers

exercise psychology

focuses on the psychological aspects of fitness, exercise, health, and wellness; how exercise/activity can affect your wellbeing

employment issues for careers in research

funding varies depending on where you work

working with a bachelor's for educational & school psychologists

human/social services, teacher (Georgia TAPP program)

core activities of organizational psych

identifying problems & solutions, assist in transitions, training for leadership, works to enhance worker satisfaction & commitment

clinical & counseling psychology careers

integrates science, theory & practice, improve human functioning, understand & alleviate dysfunction & distress

working with a bachelor's in I-O psych

management: lead and structure workers & the organization, organizations focus can fit your interests human resources/personnel: recruitment, placement, training and development, wage/salary and benefits administration, research

biopsychology includes:

nervous system, neuroanatomy, neurochemistry & neural communication

licensure of health psychology

only for health psychologists who assess, diagnose & treat

common settings of clinical & counseling psychology

private practice/outpatient, schools/universities, hospitals/inpatient

related careers of clinical & counseling psychology

psychiatrist, clinical social worker, counselors & therapists

research areas of S.E.P. psychology

psychological aspects of performance & instruction, effects of physical activities

degree options for clinical & counseling psychology

requires a doctorate, PhD vs. PsyD, common training components, APA accreditation, university-based & professional school programs

working with a bachelor's for careers in research

research assistant/technician, data entry/analysis, advertising/sales

core activities of S.E.P. psychology

research, practice, teaching/training

core activities of industrial psych

scientifically select & place employees, job analysis first then develop the methods, determine criteria for performance evaluations, develop training after analyzing and evaluate effectiveness of said training

preparing as an undergrad for a research career

statistics, methodology, and natural science courses, research experience

research areas of health psychology

stress & coping, health behaviors, issues in healthcare, research funding is available

biopsychology

study of how biology influences behavior, relationship between biology/physiology & behavior

industrial (personnel) psychology

the application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces; focuses on the individual worker

cognitive psychology

the scientific study of all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating & study human cognition. taking in, storing, processing & retrieving information

social psychology

the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another & how social contexts affect behavior

experimental psychology

the study of behavior and thinking using the experimental method & specializing in conducting research, applying research methods to various topics

educational psychology

the study of how students learn, the effectiveness of particular teaching techniques, the social psychology of schools, and the psychology of teaching, researching the educational process and instruction & learning in educational contexts

sports psychology

the study of psychological factors in sports and exercise, how psychology can improve athletic performance

common settings for educational & school psychologists

universities, colleges, schools and school systems

graduate programs for educational & school psychologists

vary in research emphasis, specialist's programs differ in requiring the masters

Psychology Interjurisdictional Compact (PSYPACT)

Allows psychologists licensed in one state to practice in another via telepsychology or time-limited, in-person practice.

counseling psychology

a branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living (often related to school, work, or marriage) and in achieving greater well-being, understand human adjustment, develop & provide treatment for a return to functioning

developmental psychology

a branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span & studying how people grow, develop and change

clinical psychology

a branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders; understand distress, symptoms, & disorders, develop & provide treatment for these conditions