Abnormal Psych. Exam 2 - Ch. 7 OCD and Trauma Disorders

Antidepressants that are effective in treating obsessive-compulsive disorder serve to: A) increase serotonin activity in the brain. B) increase norepinephrine activity in the brain. C) increase the level of all brain neurotransmitters. D) decrease serotonin activity in the brain

A) increase serotonin activity in the brain.

_____ disorder arises within a month after a traumatic event and involves re-experiencing the event, avoiding stimuli related to the event, negative mood, intrusion, hyperarousal, and dissociation that last for less than a month. A) Acute stress B) Specific phobic C) Pretraumatic stress D) Generalized anxiety

A) Acute stress

Which of the following reflects the MOST common obsessive thought? A) If I touch that doorknob, I will be dirty and contaminated. B) I must make sure that the brochures are folded evenly. C) I can hardly stop myself from yelling sexual obscenities in class. D) I hope that person dies a long, slow death.

A) If I touch that doorknob, I will be dirty and contaminated.

_____ are thoughts, images, or impulses that persist or recur and are intrusive and inappropriate to the situation. A) Obsessions B) Compulsions C) Phobias D) Preoccupations

A) Obsessions

Which statement about stress disorders is true? A) Trauma involving violence is more likely to lead to a stress disorder than are natural disasters. B) The farther away physically someone is from a trauma, the more likely he or she is to develop a severe stress disorder. C) The shorter the exposure to a stressful event, the more severe is the stress reaction of the individual. D) Multiple traumatic events are less likely to lead to a stress disorder than experiencing just one major traumatic event.

A) Trauma involving violence is more likely to lead to a stress disorder than are natural disasters.

Which of the following behavior patterns is NOT listed in the DSM-5 as an obsessive-compulsive-related disorder? A) agoraphobia B) body dysmorphic disorder C) trichotillomania D) hoarding disorder

A) agoraphobia

Which of these is NOT an obsession? A) checking B) contamination C) fear of losing control D) doubt

A) checking

Which of the following is the best example of "reduced responsiveness" as it relates to posttraumatic stress disorder? A) feeling detached or estranged from others and loss of interest in activities B) feelings of extreme guilt for surviving the traumatic event C) reliving the event through day dreams and night dreams D) excessive talking about the event in inappropriate settings

A) feeling detached or estranged from others and loss of interest in activities

Current research suggests that those who experience severe stress: A) have abnormal levels of norepinephrine and cortisol. B) are less anxious than the average person before the trauma. C) were likely to be wealthy as children. D) were not directly exposed to the trauma, but experienced it second-hand.

A) have abnormal levels of norepinephrine and cortisol.

Which of the following typifies posttraumatic stress disorder? A) increased arousal, anxiety, and guilt B) inability to remember the event that led to the stress C) increased responsiveness and emotion right after the event D) a tendency to want to go back to see the site of the stress

A) increased arousal, anxiety, and guilt

Which of these is included in common types of obsessions and compulsions? A) order B) confusion C) cross-identification D) depth

A) order

A person with posttraumatic stress disorder who is having "flashbacks" is: A) reexperiencing the traumatic event. B) experiencing avoidance. C) experiencing reduced responsiveness. D) experiencing increased arousal, anxiety, and guilt

A) reexperiencing the traumatic event.

_____ are repetitive behaviors or mental acts that a person feels driven to carry out and that usually correspond thematically to an obsession. A) Rituals B) Compulsions C) Obsessions D) Repetitions

B) Compulsions

Which of the following does not characterize stress disorders? A) recurring memories, dreams, or nightmares about the event B) a compulsive need to engage in activities that remind one of the event C) reduced responsiveness to the world around one D) signs of increased arousal, such as poor sleep and exaggerated startle reactions

B) a compulsive need to engage in activities that remind one of the event

The most current research we have suggests that reductions in activity levels in the key brain areas among people with obsessive-compulsive disorder result from: A) the associated reduction in serotonin levels in the brain. B) both medications and cognitive-behavioral therapies. C) one's initial level of caudate nuclei activity—those with high levels maintain them. D) an artifact in the research protocol related to the length of time the person has had the diagnosis.

B) both medications and cognitive-behavioral therapies.

When someone checks the stove 10 times to make sure it is turned off before leaving in the morning, that person is exhibiting a(n): A) obsession. B) compulsion. C) panic attack. D) phobia

B) compulsion.

Someone who can tell you exactly how many ceiling tiles there are in each classroom and how many people's names were in the credits of the movie he watched last night is exhibiting a: A) checking compulsion. B) counting compulsion. C) symmetry compulsion. D) verbal ritual.

B) counting compulsion.

A person with posttraumatic stress disorder who refuses to talk about it is: A) reexperiencing the traumatic event. B) experiencing avoidance. C) experiencing reduced responsiveness. D) experiencing increased arousal, anxiety, and guilt.

B) experiencing avoidance.

Which brain structure has been implicated in posttraumatic stress disorder? A) prefrontal cortex B) hippocampus C) corpus callosum D) basal ganglia

B) hippocampus

For people with obsessive-compulsive disorder, compulsions are: A) positively reinforcing. B) negatively reinforcing. C) anxiety provoking. D) obsessive.

B) negatively reinforcing.

After Marie's plane crashed, her mother came to stay with her. Her friends visited often, and went to lunch and dinner with her occasionally. This situation, which probably contributed to Marie's coping ability after the accident, relates to ______ as a factor in her response to the stress. A) personality B) social support C) severity of the trauma d the nature of her childhood experiences

B) social support

People who experience obsessions show: A) typical levels of worry about real problems. B) thoughts that are intrusive and foreign to them. C) thoughts that they can easily ignore and resist. D) a lack of awareness that the thoughts are inappropriate.

B) thoughts that are intrusive and foreign to them.

_____ occurs when an imperfection in appearance, even an imagined one, causes significant distress or takes up so much time and energy that daily functioning is impaired. A) Negative body image B) Defective disorder C) Body dysmorphic disorder D) Appearance preoccupation

C) Body dysmorphic disorder

What is one important way obsessions and compulsions are related? A) Compulsions are a way to prevent obsessions from occurring. B) Obsessions generally lead to violent or immoral compulsions. C) Compulsions help people control their obsessions. D) Obsessions are not related to compulsions

C) Compulsions help people control their obsessions.

_____ disorder arises a month or more after a traumatic event and involves a persistent reexperiencing of the event, avoiding stimuli related to the event, experiencing negative changes in thoughts and mood associated with the event, and symptoms of anxiety and hyperarousal that persist for at least a month. A) Acute stress B) Specific phobic C) Posttraumatic stress D) Generalized anxiety

C) Posttraumatic stress

_____ are the type of medications most often used to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder. A) SRNIs B) Antipsychotics C) SSRIs D) Stimulants

C) SSRIs

Sam can't leave for work without going back into his house and making sure that he has taken all of his writing materials. He does this several times before he allows himself to start the car and drive to work. He is frequently late for work because he is so unsure about remembering everything. Sam is displaying: A) agoraphobia. B) an obsession. C) a checking compulsion. D) nonpathological caution

C) a checking compulsion.

Salina was terrified during the San Francisco earthquake of 1989 (who wouldn't be?). For a couple of weeks after, she did not sleep well or feel comfortable inside a building. However, gradually the fears diminished, and they disappeared within a month. Her reaction to the earthquake was: A) a panic attack. B) a phobic reaction. C) an acute stress disorder. D) a posttraumatic stress disorder.

C) an acute stress disorder.

Those who are anxious unless their books are perfectly lined up on their desks and who must eat the food on their plates in a balanced order are exhibiting a: A) checking compulsion. B) counting compulsion. C) balance compulsion. D) cleaning compulsion.

C) balance compulsion.

Which of these is NOT a compulsion? A) washing B) counting C) contamination D) ordering

C) contamination

The most accurate of the following statements about the effectiveness of psychological debriefing following a disaster (based on research studies) is: A) debriefing helps both rescuers and victims. B) debriefing by victims is more effective than debriefing by professionals. C) debriefing doesn't work too well; it might even make victims worse. D) debriefing is so ineffective that it is no longer done.

C) debriefing doesn't work too well; it might even make victims worse.

One distinction that DSM-5 makes between acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder is based on: A) how intense the anxiety-linked symptoms are. B) what the cause of the anxiety-linked symptoms was. C) how long the anxiety symptoms last. D) what sort of treatment is contemplated for the anxiety-linked symptoms.

C) how long the anxiety symptoms last.

Exposure and response prevention as treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder: A) changes behavior in the clinic, but doesn't carry over to home and the workplace. B) works only in about 25 percent of those who are treated with it. C) shows improvement that often continues indefinitely. D) is only effective in a group setting.

C) shows improvement that often continues indefinitely.

Kelly was in a passenger plane that had engine trouble. She watched as all four engines quit, one at a time. Then the plane exploded and she was thrown free 5,000 feet in the air. It was a miracle that she survived, though severely injured, because she landed in a thick pine forest covered with 10 feet or more of snow. When she regained consciousness several weeks later, she had a stress reaction that lasted for years, and she could never fly again. The factor that probably contributed most to her extreme posttraumatic stress reaction was: A) her personality. B) her social support. C) the severity of the trauma. D) the nature of her childhood experiences.

C) the severity of the trauma.

Religious rituals and superstitious behavior (such as not stepping on cracks) would be considered a compulsive behavior: A) when done to provide comfort and reduce tension. B) when done more than once a day. C) when they interfere with daily function and cause distress. D) never.

C) when they interfere with daily function and cause distress.

Jethro hates his mother-in-law and can't seem to stop imagining her lying in a pool of blood, in pieces. These thoughts are interfering with his daily life. He is exhibiting: A) a compulsion. B) obsessive ideas. C) obsessive doubts. D) obsessive images.

D) obsessive images.

About what proportion of Vietnam veterans suffered an acute or posttraumatic stress disorder? A) 8% B) 6-15% C) 20% D) 29%

D) 29%

Which of these is a risk factor for developing posttraumatic stress disorder? A) hippocampi becoming smaller B) decreased serotonin C) sympathetic nervous system that reacts unusually strongly to cues associated with traumatic experience D) All of the answers are correct

D) All of the answers are correct

According to the DSM-5, _____ is/are a symptom of a stress disorder. A) avoidance B) increased arousal and anxiety C) the reexperiencing of a traumatic experience D) All of the answers are correct.

D) All of the answers are correct.

Which social factor can contribute to the development of posttraumatic stress disorder? A) socioeconomic stress B) cultural patterns C) lack of social support D) All of the answers are correct.

D) All of the answers are correct.

_____ are the first-line medications for treating posttraumatic stress disorder. A) SRNIs B) Beta-blockers C) Antidepressants D) SSRIs

D) SSRIs

Treatments of posttraumatic stress disorder that target psychological factors generally include: A) behavioral methods. B) cognitive methods. C) family education. D) a combination of behavioral and cognitive methods.

D) a combination of behavioral and cognitive methods.

Dorian was only 10 miles away when Mt. St. Helens exploded with one of the largest blasts in history. There was ash and lava everywhere, and he was sure he was going to die. He was terrified to the core of his being. When rescue teams found him a week later, he was cold, hungry, and scared. More than a year later he still has nightmares and wakes up in a cold sweat. This description best fits: A) a phobia. B) an acute stress disorder. C) a generalized anxiety disorder. D) a posttraumatic stress disorder.

D) a posttraumatic stress disorder.

A person who witnessed a horrible accident and then became unusually anxious and depressed for 3 weeks is probably experiencing: A) posttraumatic stress disorder. B) pretraumatic stress disorder. C) combat fatigue. D) acute stress disorder.

D) acute stress disorder.

Which of these has been found to be associated with the development of obsessive-compulsive disorder? A) abnormalities in the basal ganglia and frontal lobes B) repetitive activity from the frontal lobe—basal ganglia feedback loop C) too little of the neurotransmitter serotonin D) all of the above

D) all of the above

Common comorbid disorders with body dysmorphic disorder include: A) schizophrenia. B) neurodevelopmental disorders. C) dementia. D) depression.

D) depression.

For the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder to have lasting effects, it must target: A) neurological factors. B) psychological factors. C) social factors. D) neurological, psychological, and social factors.

D) neurological, psychological, and social factors.

Posttraumatic stress disorders: A) occur in adults and not children. B) are more common in men than in women. C) are most often triggered by academic trauma. D) often occur with depression and substance abuse.

D) often occur with depression and substance abuse.